1、1专题三 推理判断类题目命题特点根据文章内容，语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意。(1)常用设题关键动词：infer，imply，suggest，indicate，refer to，predict，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose 等。(2)设题常用推理判断的情态动词：can，could，might，would，probably，most likely 等。考查重点表层意思的理解与推理；深层含义的领悟与推理；同时涉及数据推断，知识推断，逻辑结论推断，表明作者态度、观点的推断等。方法技巧抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推断
2、；整合全文(段)信息进行推断；根据上下文逻辑关系进行推理得出结论。1忠实于原文。2吃透文章的字面含义。3对文章表面意义进行分析、综合判断。4把握句际、段际关系。5确定推断的范围和位置，细节还是整体推断。Passage 1Ive spent over a year in India, and in those 365 plus days, Ive learned a lot about getting around Indian cities. My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by
3、taxi and rickshaw (人力车) drivers, but that doesnt mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what youre doing. Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams (欺诈)Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of
4、Delhi and chances are, if you arrive in Delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, youll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers. At the Delhi airport, be sure to arrange for 2a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths. One is inside the airport, and the other is
5、outside. The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers.Rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to get around Indian cities, in part because its how the locals often travel. Autorickshaws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old
6、 Delhi. If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees. Autorickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending on the distance.If you really want to travel around Delhi like t
7、he locals, take a public bus. Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning. They are, however, very cheap. A bus trip wont set you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits. Since Indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start
8、of the route so you can get a seat.The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi. Fares are reasonable, between 6 and 22 rupees. All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English, and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees.【语篇解读】 本文作者就自己在印度德里旅行时的交通方面提出了几点建议。1Th
9、e author is trying to _ in Delhi through this text.Agive some advice of travellingBexpect us to travel aroundCshow his/her experiencesDexplain the difficulties of travelling解析：通读全文，我们可以看出，作者在本文中给读者提出了一些建议，告诉读者在德里旅行时应注意的一些问题。因此，本文的写作目的也就是要给读者提出建议。答案：A2To avoid being cheated, you ought to _ if you wan
10、t to take a taxi at the Delhi airport.Apay more to the drivers to keep safeBshow your ticket to the driverCgo to a policerun boothDgo out of the airport解析：根据第二段的最后一句可知，在机场搭乘出租车时，应到警察经营的摊位。答案：C33The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to _Asave some moneyBenjoy the comfortable tripCgain a uniq
11、ue experienceDhelp the local rickshaw drivers解析：根据第三段的第三句可知，作者建议乘坐人力车以获得一种独特的体验。答案：C4What can we infer from the passage?AYou wont have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India.BIt will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway.CA rickshaw driver only charges whatever a
12、mount you give him.DYoull have to speak English if you travel around in India.解析：根据第四段的最后一句可知，为了上车后能有一个座位，作者建议最好从起点站上车。这就意味着如果中途上车的话，就很难有座位了。答案：B5Which may be the topic that follows?AHotel recommendations in DelhiBWeather conditions in DelhiCFood and drink in DelhiDCar rentals in Delhi解析：由本文第一段的最后一句
13、可知，本文主要介绍了关于在德里交通方面避免受骗的几点建议。在给出的几个选项当中，只有 D 项与交通有关。据此，我们可以确定后面最有可能要讨论的是汽车租赁业务。答案：DPassage 2A fellow speaker from California named Geri flew to Japan, in her favourite jeans and a casual jacket, to give her first speech. Fourteen hours later, four perfectly dressed Japanese gentlemen greeted her at
14、Narita Airport. Smiling and bowing low, they handed her their business cards. With her bag in one hand, Geri took their cards with the other. She thanked them, glanced briefly at the cards, and put them into her jeans pocket quickly. When the five of them arrived at the hotel, they invited Geri to t
15、ea in the lobby (大厅). While sipping tea, the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened. She was thrilled with the gift and shouted excitedly, 4“Oh, its beautiful！”At this point, the four Japanese gentlemen stood up and, bowing only very slightly, said “Sayonara” and left imm
16、ediately. Poor Geri was left astonished. What did she do wrong?Everything! Her jeans were the first gaffe. Even if youre coming off a bicycle in Japan, you do not meet clients (客人) casually dressed. The second mistake was Geris handling of their business cards rudely. In Japan, the business card is
17、one of the most important communicative tools. It is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. However, Geri put their cards away much too quickly. In Japan, people use business cards as a conversation starter. You chat about each others cards and work and do not put theirs away un
18、til they gently and respectfully place yours in safe keeping. Putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.Then, the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients. In a land where saving face is critical, it would be embarra
19、ssing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received. What is worse, Geri hadnt even given them a gift!【语篇解读】 本文介绍了 Geri 在与日本人交往中所犯的几个礼仪上的错误。1In the four Japanese gentlemens eyes, Geri took their cards _Aexcitedly BembarrassinglyCpolitely Ddisrespectfully解析：由文章第一段“.glanced b
20、riefly at the cards, and put them into her jeans pocket quickly.”和第四段的“The second mistake was Geris handling of their business cards rudely.”可知答案。答案：D2Why did the four Japanese gentlemen leave Geri suddenly?ABecause they couldnt bear Geris behaviour any longer.BBecause they had finished the task.CBe
21、cause Geri had something more important to do.DBecause Geri felt embarrassed.解析：由第五段“Then, the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients.In a land where saving face is critical, it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as 5n
22、ice as the one they received.”可推知答案。答案：A3What does the underlined word “gaffe” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AIgnorance. BSadness.CMistake. DCarelessness. 解析：由第三段“What did she do wrong？”和第四段的“The second mistake was Geris handling of their business cards rudely.”可推知答案。答案：C4The third mistake Geri made
23、was that she _Aused her own card as a conversation starterBtook her clients cards with one handCkept her clients cards in a wrong placeDmet her clients in jeans解析：由第四段“The second mistake was Geris handling of their business cards rudely.”和“Putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate
24、 disrespect.”可推知答案。答案：C5What lesson can we draw from this story?AHonesty is the best policy.BThink twice before you take any action.CWhen in Rome, do as the Romans do.DDont claim to know what you dont know.解析：纵观全文可得出答案。答案：CPassage 3Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of fri
25、endship. It is a programme which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable_young_people (ages 717)with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.Volunteer tutors come from all walks of lifemarried, single，with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters ar
26、e not replacement parents or social workers.They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed.A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four 6hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activit
27、ies such as a picnic at a park，cooking，playing sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive selfrespect，confidence and life direction.Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most
28、 wellknown provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years.Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008. Emily is a 10yearold girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. “I was pretty sure there was something wrong with
29、 me.”Emilys mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by “providing different feedback (反馈) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her selfworth” Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer programme. “I googled it and found out how
30、 to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes its all work and no play.”Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partner
31、ship has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is!【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了 Big Brothers Big Sisters 这样一个项目，该项目为情感上容易受挫折的孩子提供了帮助。1What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?ATo offer students public services.BTo help students improve their grades.CTo orga
32、nize sport activities for young people.DTo provide partnership and fun for young people.解析：根据文章第一段第二句“It is a programme which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people.”可知，这个项目是“通过让成人陪伴一些内心比较脆弱的孩子，从而来提供友谊和乐趣” 。A 选项是说为学生提供公共服务；B 选项是说帮助学生提高分数；C 选项是说为年轻人组织体育活动；D 选项是说给年轻人提供友情和乐趣。所以
33、选 D。答案：D72A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least _A24 hours B36 hoursC48 hours D72 hours解析：根据文章第三段第一句可知，志愿者要每年至少参加 12 个月，每个月三到四次，每次花一到四个小时。由此可以得出，志愿者一年之内最少要工作 123136 小时。答案：B3According to Emilys mother，this programme may provide Emily with _Aadvice from her teachersBa new
34、way to assess herselfCa new way to judge her schoolmatesDmore comments from her schoolmates解析：根据文章第六段第一句“.by providing different feedback(反馈) about herself other than just.”可知，这个项目可以向 Emily 的妈妈提供一些关于她孩子不同的反馈，而不是仅仅只依赖同学的评价来评估 Emily 的自我价值。答案：B4Why did Sarah want to get involved in the programme?AShe u
35、sed to be a volunteer.BShe needed a parttime job.CShe felt a bit bored with her life.DShe wanted to get a challenging job.解析：根据文章第七段最后一句“.because sometimes its all work and no play.”可知 Sarah 想要通过参加这个项目来找些事儿做，因为有时候生活充满了工作而没有放松。A 选项“曾经是一个志愿者” ；B 选项“她需要一份兼职工作” ；C 选项“她感觉生活有点儿无趣” ；D 选项“她想要获得一份有挑战性的工作” 。所
36、以选 C。答案：C5According to the passage， “vulnerable young people” are probably those who are _Apopular at schoolBrather weak physicallyCeasily hurt emotionallyDconfident in themselves解析：由文章的第一段可知这个项目可以为这些孩子提供玩伴和乐趣。再由文章的第8三段可以得知，这个项目可以为孩子们提高自尊、自信和找准生活方向。再由文章的第五段可以得知，Emily 在学校很难被同学接受。综上分析，可以得出，vulnerable
37、young people 是指“情感上容易受伤害的人” 。答案：CPassage 4The forces that make Japan one of the worlds most earthquakeprone(有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japans tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Ja
38、panese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy， ” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.The disastrous earthquake and
39、 tsunami on March 11th, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japans energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example o
40、f Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of
41、 the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japans potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We cant even dig 10cm inside national parks， ” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, add
42、ing that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth
43、Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could 9produce 80， 000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electr
44、ic built the worlds largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，因为日本是地震多发国家，国内地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。1What would be the best title for the text?AAlternative energies in JapanBThe worlds largest geothermal plantCJapan takes the lead in geothermal technologyDJapan thinks of g
45、eothermal energy解析：文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能，所以是围绕地热能的话题展开。故选 D 项。答案：D2What percentage of Japans energy needs is geothermal energy?AAbout 8%. BBelow 1%.CAround 30%. DOver 80%.解析：从第六段“For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily o
46、n fossil fuels and atomic power.”可知，日本地热能供给不到 1%，其主要依赖于化石燃料和原子能。故选 B 项。答案：B3According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs _Aa change of rules Bfinancial supportClocal peoples help Dhigh technology解析：从倒数第四段“.adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxe
47、d for geothermal energy to grow.”可知，要开发地热能，需要将现行的规章制度进行改变，故选 A 项。答案：A4Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm programme by _AYoshiyasu Takefuji BHideaki MatsuiCShigeto Yamada DYoko Ono10解析：由第九段“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.”可知，Hideaki Matsui 认为地热能是个长期的项目，故选
48、B 项。答案：B5It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that _Athe worlds biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaBJapan will not export its geothermal technologyCthe potential of Japans geothermal energy is greatDit is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan解析：由最后两段“.believed Japan could produ
49、ce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.”可知，日本在地热能方面有着巨大的潜力，故选 C 项。答案：CPassage 5A blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus(刺激 )from its environment that a sighted child does, it is likely to be slow in intell
