2018年中考化学真题分类汇编4化学与社会发展考点20燃烧与燃料1燃烧与灭火1灭火(无答案).doc

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1考点 20 燃烧与燃料(18 南京)9炒菜时油锅着火,用锅盖盖灭,其主要的灭火原理是A隔绝空气 B降低可燃物的着火点C清除可燃物 D升高可燃物的着火点(18 江西)11、下列灭火方法正确的是A.电器着火直接用水灭火 B.图书馆档案失火用水基型灭火器熄灭C.油锅着火用锅盖善灭 D.熄灭酒精灯用_11 (2018 广西省玉林市,题号 11,分值 2)下列灭火的方法,不恰当的是A.油锅着火用锅盖盖灭 B.电器自燃用水泼灭 C.酒精洒出失火用湿抹布盖灭 D.汽车自燃用灭火器灭火 【答案】B【解析】A.油锅着火用锅盖盖灭,可以隔绝氧气,所以 A 正确;B.电器自燃不能用水泼灭,水可以导电,容易发生触电的危险,所以 B 错误;C.酒精洒出失火用湿抹布盖灭,可以降低温度到着火点以下,所以 C 正确;D.汽车自燃用灭火器灭火,最好用泡沫灭火器,可以隔绝氧气,所以 D 正确。2【知识点】灭火的原理和方法(18 本溪)19合理运用燃烧与灭火的化学原理,对保障生命财产安全非常重要。(1)炒菜时油锅中的油不慎着火,可以采用的灭火方法是 。(2)堆放杂物的纸箱着火时,可用水浇灭,其灭火原理是 。(3)扑灭森林火灾的有效方法之一是将大火蔓延路线前的一片树木砍掉,形成隔离带,其灭火原理是 。

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