1、12019高考英语阅读理解专题选编（13）李仕才AVinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japa
2、n found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability t
3、o survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）the main component of vinegar.After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giv
4、ing them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. “In
5、the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）,“ Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine.Kim also told the magazine hes already been in touch with people all over the world who are int
6、erested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isnt as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as p
7、ossible. “Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system, “he said. And for those of us 2who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find ou
8、r favorite flowers have died.1.What is the article mainly about? A. The worlds food supply will be increased. B. Plants better survive droughts.C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts.2.It was discovered that acetate can .A. be used by farmers to repla
9、ce soil B. only be produced by the ArabidopsisC. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil3.What are the target plants of the experiment?A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis.C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis.4.Jong Myong Kims experiment of trying
10、out the method .A. can make peoples trips pleasantB. turned out a worldwide successC. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plantsD. appeals to many flower growing companies【文章大意】 本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。1.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，故选 D。3.C 【解析】细
11、节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the 3staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。故选C。4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kimhes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple an
12、d cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知 Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选 D。B(2015洛阳高三统一考试)All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.Other children may have manners that are not like yours.There are all kinds of ma
13、nners.Many years ago，children who had good manners were seen and not heard.They kept quite quiet if grownups were talking.Today，wellmannered children have more freedom.Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia.Some friends a
14、sk you to eat with them.What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud “burp (打嗝)” after you finish eating.Burping would show that you like your food.In some countries，if you give a loud burp，you are told to say， “Excuse me，please.”In many places people like to eat toget
15、her.But in some parts of Polynesia 4it is bad manners to be seen eating together. People show good manners by turning their backs to others while they eat.What are manners like in an East African town? People try not to see you.They are being polite.You may see a friend.He may not see you at all.If
16、you are polite，you will sit down beside him.You will wait until he finishes what he is doing.Then he will talk to you.Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia.You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent.If you pass in front of the other tents，you will be asked into each one. People
17、 will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no.Manners are different all over the world.But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.People need ways to show that they want to be friends.1People turn their backs to others while they eat in some places in _AMongol
18、ia Ban East African townCPolynesia DArabia2In an East African town，people try not to see you.This is because _Athey are not your friendsBthey dont want to talk with youCit is good manners5Dthey are waiting for you to talk with them3Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.
19、Which should be a supporting paragraph to the idea?AThe first one. BThe second one.CThe sixth one. DThe third one.4The best title of the passage should be“_” ASome bad mannersBDifferent kinds of mannersCThe importance of mannersDSome good manners【解题导语】 不同时代、不同地域、不同国家有不同的礼仪，在某个地方得体的礼仪未必在另一个地方也适合。1解析：
20、选 C。细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen.while they eat.”可知，在波利尼西亚的部分地方，人们吃饭时背对他人被认为是有礼貌的。2解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据文章第七段中的“People try not to see you. They are being polite”可知，C 项正确。3解析：选 C。细节理解题。文章第六段提到“有些地方人们喜欢在一起吃饭，然而在波利尼西亚的一些地区被人看到在一起吃饭是不礼貌的”可知，C 项正确。4解析：选 B。标题归纳题。综合
21、全文可知，本文讲述了不同地区的不同礼仪，因此 B项正确。C阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 621-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell
22、 apart.“I have two kids in college, and I want to say come home, but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Jacobs.The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount th
23、rough the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school.With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need
24、 student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, wh
25、ile average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade,“If we go on this way for another 25years, we wont have an affordable system of higher education,” says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it t
26、hrough debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.”Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that feder
27、al loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.1. According to Paragraph 1, why did the plan of Jacobs family fail?A. The twins wasted too much money. B. The father was out of work.C. Their saving ran out. D. The family fell
28、 apart.2. How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem?A. They asked their kids to come home.7B. They borrowed $20,000 from the school.C. They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.D. They got help from the school and the federal government.3. Financial aid administrators believe that
29、_.A. more families will face the same problem as the JacobsesB. the government will receive more letters of complaintC. college tuition fees will double soonD. Americas unemployment will fall4.What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?A. They blamed the government for the tuiti
30、on increase.B. Their income remained steady in the last decade.C. They will try their best to send kids to college.D. Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.5.According to the last paragraph, the government will .A. provide most students will scholarshipsB. dismiss some financial aid administr
31、atorsC. stop the companies from making student loansD. go on providing financial support for college students【文章大意】这是一篇关于学费贷款的文章。【参考答案】1-5、BDACDD(2015唐山一模)The spread of Western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and the environment.These findings come from a new report in the jou
32、rnal Nature.David Tilman，a professor of ecology at the University of Minnesota，America，examined information from 100 countries to identify what people ate and how a diet affected health.He noted a movement beginning in the 1960s.He found that as nations industrialized (工业化)，population increased and
33、8earnings rose，more people began to adopt what has been called the Western diet.The Western diet is high in sugar，fat，oil and meat.By eating these foods，people began to get fatter and sicker.David Tilman says overweight people are at greater risk for noninfectious diseases like diabetes (糖尿病) and he
34、art disease.Unfortunately when people become industrialized，if they adopt this Western diet，they are going to have these health problems，especially in developing countries in Asia.China is an example where the number of diabetes cases has been jumping from less than one percent to 10 percent of the
35、population as they began to industrialize over a 20year period.And that is happening all across the world，in Mexico，in Nigeria and so on.And，a diet bad for human beings，is also bad for the environment.As the worlds population grows，more forests and tropical(热带的) areas will become farmlands for crops
36、 or grasslands for cattle.We are likely to have more greenhouse gas in the future from agriculture than that coming out of all forms of transportation right now.Mr.Tilman calls the link between the diet，the environment and human health， “a trilemma”a problem offering a difficult choice.He says one p
37、ossible solution is leaving the Western diet behind.1According to the passage，more greenhouse gas might be given off in the future from _Atransportation Bdeveloping countries9Cagriculture Ddeveloped countries2David Tilman believes that _Athe diet，the environment and human health are closely connecte
38、dBthe Western diet is the only choice as the nation industrializesCpeople in tropical areas are more likely to have heart diseaseDtraditional diets are more balanced than the Western diet3We can infer from the passage that _ANigeria has the largest number of diabetes casesBoverweight people are at h
39、igher risk of infectious diseasesCthe examined information comes from developing countriesDindustrialization contributes to the spread of the Western diet4The main purpose of the passage is to _Acall on us to protect the environmentBwarn us of the danger of the Western dietCremind us of the importan
40、ce of healthDadvise us to have a balanced diet【解题导语】 自然杂志上一篇新的报告显示，西方饮食对人的健康和环境有不良影响，人们应警惕西方饮食带来的危害。1解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“We are likely to have more greenhouse gas in the future from agriculture than that coming out of all forms of transportation right now.”可知，未来更多的温室气体排放可能来自于农业，故选择 C项。2解析：选 A。
41、推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“Mr.Tilman calls the link 10between the diet，the environment and human health.a difficult choice.”可知，Tilman先生把日常饮食、环境和人的健康之间的联系称为三难困境。由此可知，它们三个是紧密相关的，故选择 A项。3解析：选 D。推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“He found that as nations industrialized(工业化)，population increased and earnings rose，more people began
42、to adopt what has been called the Western diet.”可推知，工业化、人口增长和收入增加造成了西方饮食的传播，故 D项正确。4解析：选 B。写作意图题。综合全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段的最后一句可知，西方饮食有害健康，不利于环境，故作者是想通过该文让人们警惕西方饮食带来的危害。EGlobal Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions
43、 to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.Barry Brown is
44、with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies humancomputer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There
45、 he borrowed a GPSequipped car to use during his stay.Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.” And, then it wasnt until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They
46、actually put their home address in. So again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.Barry Brown：“One problem with many GPS units is they
47、have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, 11sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that its going to the wrong place.”Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University
48、of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in peoples cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Dr
49、iving with GPS.”Barry Brown: “One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what youre doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GP
