七年级地理上册3.3降水的变化与分布资料拓展(新版)新人教版.doc

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1、1第三章 第三节 降水的变化与分布影响降水分布的因素分析(1)纬度位置纬度位置对降水分布有着决定性意义。热带是一个多雨带,因为这里气温高、对流旺盛,空气中的水汽含量也多,上升的气流在空中成云致雨,降落到地面。降水量以赤道地区为最多,年降水量一般在 2 000 毫米以上,由此向北、向南逐渐减少。范围大约在南、北纬 10左右。副热带的气流以下沉为主,降水很少,大约在南、北纬 30附近。温带是一个降水较多的地带,由于温带大陆西岸盛行西风,潮湿的空气随西风流向大陆,给大陆带来较多的降水。温带大陆东岸季风气候明显,降水也很多。极地地带降水少,这是由于这里全年气温低,蒸发弱,空气中所含水汽少,该地带年降水

2、量都在 200 毫米以下。(2)海陆位置海陆位置影响水汽的输送。由于距离海洋的远近不同,沿海地区降水多,内陆地区降水少,出现了从沿海向内陆递减的变化。(3)地形因素山地的降水在一定高度范围内,降水随高度的增加而增加。在山地的迎风 坡降水多,背风坡降水少。这是由于气温的垂直递减规律,导致云中的水滴在升 高的过程中凝结致雨,到了山地的背风坡,由于云中的水汽减少,加之气温升高, 所以不易降水。地形的排列也可以影响降水量的多少。走向与海岸线垂直的山脉,有利于 海洋气流深入大陆内部,使内陆区域也能得到较多的降水;走向与海岸线平行的 山脉,阻挡了海洋气流深入内陆,大量雨、雪降落在沿海地区的迎风坡,背风坡和

3、大陆内部降水较少。(4)洋流洋流对降水有很大影响,凡是暖流经过的沿岸地区有增温增湿的作用,所以 降水量都比较多。凡是寒流经过的地区有降温减湿的作用,所以降水量比较少。巴山为何多夜雨2我国早有“巴山夜雨”的民谚,其意为巴山多夜雨。晚唐诗人李商隐在夜雨寄北诗中,寄托了他对亲人的思念:君问归期未有期,巴山夜雨涨秋池。何当共剪西窗烛,却话巴山夜雨时。巴山为何多夜雨呢?原来,巴山位于四川盆地,由于盆地内的空气潮湿,天空多云,云层遮住了部分太阳辐射,白天的气温不易升高,对流不易发展。到了夜间,云层能够吸收来自地面辐射的热量,再以逆辐射的方式,把热量传递给地面,对地面有保暖作用,使夜间气温不致过低,但由于云层上层辐射散热,夜间温度迅速降低,形成云层上冷下暖的显著温差。下层暖湿空气逐渐上升,把水蒸气带到上层,冷却凝结,云层加厚。这时,云中对流扰动增强,云中水滴增大,当水滴增大到上升气流顶托不住时,就形成了降水,“巴山夜雨”就是这样形成的。巴山多夜雨,不影响农民白天在田野工作,这对农业是一个有利的条件。

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