七年级生物上册1.1.1《形形色色的生物》给树干测“脉搏”拓展资料(新版)新人教版.doc

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七年级生物上册1.1.1《形形色色的生物》给树干测“脉搏”拓展资料(新版)新人教版.doc_第1页
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1给树干测“脉搏”近年来,植物学家在研究植物增粗速度时惊奇地发现,活的树干,有类似动物脉搏跳动的现象。每逢晴天丽日,植物的树干就开始收缩,一直延续到夕阳西斜;到了夜间,树干停止收缩,反过来开始膨胀,直到第二天早晨。植物这种日细夜粗的搏动,每天周而复始,但每一次搏动,膨胀总略大于收缩,于是,树干便增粗长大了。遇到下雨天,树干“脉搏”的收缩几乎完全停止,这时它总是不分昼夜地持续增粗,直到天气转晴,才重新开始收缩。这是什么原因呢?植物学家解释说:植物“脉搏”是由植物体内的水分变化所引起的。当植物根部吸收的水分与叶面蒸腾的水分一样多时,树干几乎不发生粗细变化;如果吸收的水分超过蒸腾的水分,树干就要增粗;相反在缺水时,树干又会收缩。但是,植物学家通过进一步调查又发现,并不是所有的树干都有典型的“脉搏”现象。为什么?为了解哪些树有“脉搏”,哪些树没有“脉搏”,可以通过测量树干的“胸围”来观察。具体做法是:选几棵树(包括老树和小树)用软尺定时给树干作“胸围”测量,比如在晴天的上午 10 至 11 时测量一次,将数据记录下来;到了夜晚 9 至 10 时再测量一次。一个月或一个学期以后,从记录表中就可以了解到哪些树有“脉搏”,哪些树不存在“脉搏”,以及树干增粗长大的情况了。

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