1、PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,语法专题（十） 非谓语动词,不定式有两种,即带to的不定式(to+动词原形)和不带to的不定式。 注意 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,其否定结构为“not to do sth.”。,考点一 动词不定式,【中考考点】 (1)动词不定式的用法。 (2)动名词的用法。 (3)现在分词和过去分词的用法。,1.作主语 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末 常用句型结构为“Its+adj./n.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.”。 To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is ne
2、cessary to ask the teacher for help. 向老师寻求帮助是必要的。,2.作宾语 (1)后接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)有 want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。 I hope there before dark. 我希望天黑以前到那儿。 (2)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而将不定式后置,构成“主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。 I found
3、 it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。,to get,3.作宾语补足语 (1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有 tell, ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。 The teacher told us Exercise 1. 老师告诉我们做练习一。 (2)使役动词let, make, have和感官动词see,hear, watch, notice, feel等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但是,当
4、上述动词变为被动语态时,作补语的不定式必须补上to。 We often hear her sing. 我们经常听见她唱歌。 被动语态: She is often heard to sing.,to do,4.作状语 动词不定式常用作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。 Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生将会去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语) 5.作定语 动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面,作后置定语。若不定式结构中的动词是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,则不定式后面要加上适当的介词。 I dont have
5、a partner to practice English with. 我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。 I had to find a place to live in. 我不得不找一个住的地方。,6.作表语 Their duty is the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 7.“疑问词+不定式”结构 动词不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。 He doesnt know to attend the wedding. 他不知道要穿什么去参加婚礼。(作宾语),to look aft
6、er/to take care of,what to wear,考点二 动名词,动名词一般由“动词原形+-ing”构成,但有不规则形式。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质。 1.作主语 动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很多情况下可以通用。 Playing/To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 2.作宾语 常接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel li
7、ke, give up, cant help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, look forward to, put off, have fun等。 Have you finished the book? 你读完这本书了吗?,reading,3.作表语 The nurses job is the patients. 护士的工作是照顾病人。 4.作定语 表示所修饰词的用途、所属关系等。 I often go to the . 我经常去阅览室。 注意 有些动
8、词(短语)后既可接不定式又可接动名词,但表达的意义不同: (1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 (2)try to do sth. 试图/企图做某事;尽力做某事 try doing sth.尝试着做某事,looking after/taking care of,reading room,(3)forget to do sth.忘记要做某事(还没做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) (4)remember to do sth.记着要做某事(还没做) remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做) (
9、5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事 go on doing sth.继续做原来所做的事 (6)sth. need(s) doing某事需要做(被动含义) need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义) (7)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做) regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔(已做),考点三 分词,分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.-ing)有主动或进行之意;过去分词(v.-ed)有被动或完成之意。 1.作定语 Do you know the girl standing under
10、the tree? 你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗? I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。 2.作表语 The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它感兴趣。,3.作宾语补足语 I saw her going upstairs. 我看见她正在上楼。 I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍几张照片。 4.作状语 Talking and laughing, they went into the room. 他们有说有笑地走进了房间。 5.现在分词与过
11、去分词的区别 (1)在语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。 the flying kite 飞着的风筝 the moved people 被感动的人们,(2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the boiling water 正在沸腾的水 the boiled water 白开水 6.易混结构 (1)在“make+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。 I tried to speak more clearly so that I could make myself understood. 我尽量说清楚些,以便让别人明白我。 (
12、2)have sth. done 意为“让某人做某事”,相当于ask sb. to do sth., done 表示让他人完成,有被动之意。 I had my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Well do what we can (help) the sick man. 2.In some African countries, children are made (do) heavy work. 3.Please stop (smoke). Its bad for your health. 4.Why
13、did his father buy that phone watch for him? Because the GPS in the watch can help him to avoid (lose) the way. 5.She didnt know which sweater (choose). 6.Its dangerous for people (answer) their phones while driving a car. 7. (spread) Chinese culture, many college students go to foreign countries ev
14、ery year.,to help,to do,smoking,losing,to choose,to answer,To spread,8.Parents should tell their children (not eat) unhealthy food. 9.As we all know, its impolite to keep others (wait) for a long time. 10.My computer doesnt work. I must have it (repair). 11.Id like you (share) your ideas about pollu
15、tion. 12.Many teenagers would rather (stay) at home alone than go out with their parents at weekends. 13.Many countries in the world are looking forward to (trade) with China. 14.She raised her voice to make herself (hear). 15.My favorite TV program is Readers. I think we should spend as much time as we can (read) in our spare time.,not to eat,waiting,repaired,to share,stay,trading,heard,reading,
