1、1语法复习一、时态1一般现在时(1)表述客观真理和客观存在及自然现象；表示习惯性、经常性的动作，或经常存在的状态。常见的时间状语有：often，usually，always，sometimes，now and then 等。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西边落下。We have meals three times a day. 我们一日三餐。(现在的习惯)He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。(现在的状态)例 1：(2009 年高考天津卷)My parents_i
2、n Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.Alive Blived Cwere living Dwill live(2)用于时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。If you work hard，you will succeed next year. 如果你工作努力，明年你就会成功。What are you going to be when you grow up? 你长大后干什么？(3)表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。There goes the bell.铃响了。2一般过去时表示过
3、去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常常给出过去的时间状语，如yesterday，last night，at that time 等例 2：(2009 年高考全国卷)Edward，you play so well.But I_you played the piano.Adidnt know Bhadnt known Cdont know Dhavent known3一般将来时(1)be going to动词原形，表示打算、计划、准备要做某事。Im going to learn Japanese next year. 明年我打算学习日语。(2)beto do，表示拟定或计划中将发生的行为或按职责、
4、义务必须去做的事情。The meeting is to be held at 900 am 会议预定上午九点开始举行。You are to hand in your homework this afternoon. 今天下午你们必须交上作业。(3)be about to do 表示即将发生的事，句中不使用表示将来的时间状语。I am about to go to bed when the telephone rings. 我正要睡觉这时电话铃响了。(4)用一般现在时或现在进行时表示安排或计划好的将来的行为，只限少数动词，如go，come，leave，start，begin，arrive，ret
5、urn 等。The train leaves the station at 715 am 火车在上午 715 开。Mr.Wang is leaving for Hangzhou tomorrow. 王先生明天出发去杭州。(5)be going to 和 will 比较will 表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事，不含任何具体时间，可以指遥远的将来，而 be going to 指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定会发生，通常表示很快就要发生的事情。I believe China will become one of the richest countries in the world.我相信在
6、世界上中国将会变成最富有的国家之一。There is going to be a quarrel between them，I think. 我认为他们之间将有一场争吵。2be going to 和 will 均可表示“意图”；但事先考虑过的意图用 be going to，不是事先考虑的意图即临时决定用 will。Im going to Qingdao this weekend. 这个周末我要去青岛。Sorry，I forgot to buy the book you need. 对不起，我忘了买你要的书了。It doesnt matter.I will go myself. 没关系，我自己去
7、买就行了。4.过去将来时表示就过去某一时间而言，将要发生的动作。He said he would never come back again. 他说他再也不回来了。5现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段，但不一定是讲话时发生着的动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go，come 等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。例 3： (2008 年高考重庆卷)Teenagers_their health because they play computer games too much.Ahave damaged Bare damaging Cdamaged Dwill damage(2)表
8、示反复出现或习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly 等连用。He is always thinking of others first. 他总是先想到他人。He is always making the same mistake. 他总是犯同一个错误。6过去进行时(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作。He was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. 昨晚 9 点钟他正在看电视。例 4：(2008 年高考湖南卷)I called Hannah many times
9、yesterday evening，but I couldnt get through.Her brother_on the phone all the time!Awas talking Bhas been talking Chas talked Dtalked(2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句中。持续性动作用过去进行时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我弟弟骑自行车时从车子上摔了下来，伤了自己。As she
10、was reading the newspaper，Granny fell asleep. 她读着报纸奶奶就睡着了。The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.那位记者说，当他看到时，不明飞行物正在自东向西飞行。7现在完成时(1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。通常与下列状语连用，如 yet，just，before，lately，often，never，now，today 等，但不能同特定的过去时间状语连用(in 1993，last year 等)。Ive f
11、orgotten his telephone number. 我忘了他的电话号码了。(2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能继续延续下去的动作。常同表示一段时间的状语连用，如 so far，up to now，since，for the past (last) few years 等。He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在这里工作已有 20 多年了。Up to now，we have received no news from her. 直到现在，我们还没收到她的消息。3例 5：(2009 年高考全国卷)Progress_so fa
12、r very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.Awas Bhad been Chas been Dwill be(3)This/It is the first/second timethat 从句，that 从句谓语要用现在完成时。This is the first time I have come here. 这是我第一次来这里。(4)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own
13、 eyes.只有我亲自看到，我才会相信你的话。(强调“看完”)I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.我干完了工作就和你一起去。(强调“干完”)8.过去完成时(1)过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或已经存在的状态。句中常用 by，before，until，when 等词引导时间状语。By the end of last year，we had built five new houses. 到去年末，我们已建了五座新房子。I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered
14、the university. 在我上大学前就学了5000 个单词。(2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或继续持续下去。Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours. 他工作了 12 个小时才睡觉。(3)常用于下列情况This/It is the first/second timethat 从句，that 从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的 is 改为 was，则 that 从句用过去完成时。It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 这
15、是他第三次犯同样的错误。intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think 等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一个本来打算做而实际上没有做的事。这种用法也可表示过去未曾实现的设想或希望，含有某种惋惜之意。I had intended to call on you yesterday，but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave 我昨天本来要去看你的，但是刚要出门就有人来访。I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment.我
16、本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。I had thought you would come tomorrow. 我原以为你明天才来呢。Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had.done.when.；No sooner had.done.than.。when 和 than 从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚就”。Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than) the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 我们才刚刚动身，汽车的轮
17、胎就漏气了。9将来完成时将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成。常用的时间状语为：by将来的某个时间。By this time of next year，all of you will have begun your own life.4到明年的这个时候，你们大家就开始了自己的生活。10 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。完成进行时是完成时和进行时的组合，因此，它具备完成时和进行时的一些因素，如：它具备进行时的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等的特点。He has been learning English for 6 years.他已经
18、学六年英语了。 ( 从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学)It has been raining for 3 days.雨已经下三天了。 (强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩)例 6：(2009 年高考浙江卷)Over the past decades，sea ice_in the Arctic as a result of global warming.Ahad decreased Bdecreased Chas been decreasing Dis decreasing二、语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。1get过去分词
19、表被动They got married last week. 他们上周结婚了。He got hurt in the accident. 他在这次事故中受伤了。2主动形式表被动意义(1)系动词 look，feel，sound，smell，taste，seem，appear，go，prove，turn 等形容词/名词。Ice feels cold. 冰摸上去凉。His plan proved (to be) practical. 他的计划被证明符合实际。(2)表示开始、结束、运动的词：begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，shut 等。Class begins！ 开
20、始上课！Work began at 7 oclock this morning. 今天上午七点开始工作。The shop closes at 6 pm.every day. 每天下午 6 点关店门。(3)表示主语的某种属性的词：read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，look，shut 等。The books sell well. 这些书畅销。 The door wont lock. 门锁不上。This coat dries easily. 这件外衣容易干。The plan worked out won
21、derfully. 这计划制定得很好。The engine wont start. 引擎发动不起来。The pen writes smoothly. 这只钢笔写起来流利。例 7：（2010 年豫南九校联考)The new college graduate has tried several companies，but each time he_.Ahas been turned down Bhad been turned down Cwas turned down Dis turned down巩固练习1. We _ with you for the time being. A. will s
22、tay B. will be staying C. would stay D. have stayed 52. Who sings best in your class? Mary _. A. Is B. does C. do D. sing 3. She _ her pen in her room now. A. finds B. is finding C. looks for D. is looking for 4. What _ you _ tomorrow morning? A. are/going to do B. are/doing C. are/done D. have/done
23、 5. It was not long before the water _ cold. A. is feeling B. feels C. felt D. was feeling 6. I _ as soon as you come back. A. went B. have gone C. am going D. shall go 7. The scientist _ Canada and he will give us a talk when he _ back. A. has gone to/comes B. has been to/will come C. has gone to/w
24、ill come D. has been to/comes 8. He found his book this morning, but now he _ his pen. A. loses B. is missing C. has lost D. lost 9. She _ to her hometown several times. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. is going 10. It _ Jane and Mary who helped me the other day. A. is B. was C. are D. were 11. I
25、_ to bed when the telephone rang. A. have been B. went C. am going D. was going 12. Jane _ some washing this time yesterday. A. is doing B. had done C. was doing D. did 13. When I got to the school, the first class _. A. had begun B. began C. is beginning D. has begun 14. Mother promised she _ me an
26、 English-Chinese dictionary. A. is buying B. will buy C. would buy D. has bought 15. She objects to _ loud music _ while she reads newspapers. A. have/play B. have/played C. having/playing D. have/playing 16. If it _, we will go to visit the zoo. A. not rains B. doesnt rain C. wont rain D. isnt goin
27、g to rain 参考答案复习单词：Cancer addictive crime illegal likely powerful banned affect recognize reduced短语：be related to break into belong to become/be addicted to take ones advice in order to/so as to give up die of/from set a date develop new interests完成句子：are more likely to in order to such；that Whatever helping others to stop taking drugs6巩固练习：A D C C C B A C D C B A D D D C语法例题：AABACCC巩固练习 15 BBDAC 610 DACAB 1115 DCACC 16 B
