1、1定语从句一.概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句二.相关知识点精讲1.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。2）wh
2、ose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.3）which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.The package （
3、which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 2.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词+ which“结构，因此常常和“介词+ which“结构交替使用。例如：There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. 。Is this the reason why （fo
4、r which） he refused our offer?2）that 代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代 when, where, why 和“介词+ which“引导的定语从句，在口语中 that 常被省略。例如：His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born.He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago.3.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完
5、全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选
6、择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。4.限制性和非限制性定语从句21） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought la
7、st month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,
8、这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.说明：关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。5.介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that 前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副词 when和 where 互换。例如：This is the house in whi
9、ch I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?6.as, which 非限定性定语从句由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as 和 which 可代整个主句，相当于 and this 或and that。As 一般放在句首，which 在句中。例如：As we know, smoking
10、 is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which 不可。（2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用 which.。7.先行词和关系词二合一1） Whoever spits in publi
11、c will be punished here. （Whoever 可以用 anyone who代替）2） The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用 all that 代替）8. what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。3Whatever you wan
12、t makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。2） who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：3） that 和 what当 that 引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的 that 常可省略。What 只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：I think（that）you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。What we need is more practice. 我们需
13、要的是更多的实践。9.关系代词 that 的用法1）不用 that 的情况a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b） 介词后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2） 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a） 在 there be 句型中，只用 that，
14、不用 which。b） 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词时，只用 that，不用 which。c） 先行词有 the only, the very 修饰时，只用 that。d） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用 that。.e） 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the
15、police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三.巩固练习1. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose2. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that3. In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for
16、help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom4. The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when6Carol said the work wou
17、ld be done by October, personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which7Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat48. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the pric
18、e of which C. its price D. the price of whose9._ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which10. He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. same11. Oh the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue.A
19、. whose B. of which C. which D. its12.Whenever I met him , _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. which C. that D. when13. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower.A. that B. where C. which D. there14.The boss _ department Ms King worked te
20、n years ago look down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose15. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._ I got wet through .A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how17
21、. He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D.I think which is18.He was very rude to the customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.A. who B. whom C. what D. which19. a) He is an interesting speaker,
22、 and, _ is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly.b) He went to the meeting, and, _ was worse, insisted on speaking.A. what B. which C. that D. when20. The farmer uses wood to build a house _ to store grain.A. in which B. where C. which D. with which21. I will invite _ my daughter loves.A.
23、whoever B. whomever C. whichever D. whatever22.You can buy as many copies of this book _ you wants.A. that B. which C. as D. for which23. Tom ate more food _ was good for his health.A. that B. as C. than D. which24. He was hiding behind the door _ he could see what was happening.A. which B. from whe
24、re C from which D. where25. She wore, _ was very uncommon in the country, a red garment.A. what B. that C. which D. it=She wore a red garment , _ was very uncommon in the country.526. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which
25、 D. on which27. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What28. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which29. I work in a busi
26、ness_ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. how B. which C. where D. that 30. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that31. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , , of course , made the others envy him .A. who
27、 B. that C. what D. which32. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As33. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. where C. what D. which34. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothi
28、ng more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. when B. where C. what D. that35. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80%_ are sold abroad .Aof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that36.There was _ time _ I hated to go to school .Aa; that Ba; when Cthe
29、; that Dthe ; when37. There are two buildings , stands nearly a hundred feet high .Athe larger Bthe larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of which38. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it .Athe way Bin the way that Cin the way Dthe way which39. American women usually identi
30、fy their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom40. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name6答案Expression adopt aspect reality alive unusual observe destroyed exhibition realised tell by succeed in( doing ) sth. 1-5DBDBB 6-10DBBAB 11-15ABBCA 16-20BADAA 21-25 BCCBC 26-30CBACA 31-35DDDDA 36-40BDADD
