1、1定语从句一、概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。The old man who / whom / that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.其中被修饰名词即 the old man 称为先行词， 引导定语从句并在其中充当句子一个成分的词称为关系词(如上句中的 who / whom / that)。二、用法定语从句常用引导词有：that, which, who, whose, as, where, when, why。1that 指人或物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)I like the books that were writt
2、en by Lu Xun.The student that won the first prize is our monitor.2which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)These are the trees which were planted last year.Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?3who 指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)The man who visited our school yesterday is Mr Brown.He is the man who I want to work wi
3、th.4whose 指人或物，作定语，表示“的” ，可转换为“of 关系代词” 。Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.I saw some trees whose leaves were black.5注意 that和 which的区别(1)先行词为不定代词 everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing, something, no, some, any, few, one等时，关系代词只能用 that。We are willing to do
4、 anything that is good to the people.(2)先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，用 that。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.(3)先行词被序数词或者 the only(唯一的)，the very(正是那个)，the last修饰时，用 that。The first book that I read last night was an English novel.2(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，定语从句的关系代词只能用that。We know nothing about the docto
5、rs and the hospitals that you are talking about.(5)以疑问词(who, which, what)开头的疑问句，为避免重复，用 that。Which is the book that you borrowed from the library?(6)关系代词放在介词之后，指物时只能用 which，不能用 that。This is the factory in which we once worked.(7)非限制性定语从句中，指代物或一种情况时，用 which，不能用 that。This is the book, which is written
6、 by Lu Xun.The baby was ill, which made the mother very worried.6. 关系代词 as的用法:（1）用于引导限制性定语从句，主要与 such, as, the same连用。Hes not such a fool as he looks. You must show my wife the same respect as you show me. He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. (2)用于引导非限制性定语从句，根据情况可位于主句之前或之后，有时也可插在主句中间
7、。He is late, as is often the case. As is usual with children, they soon got tired. David, as you know, has not been well lately. 7关系副词 when 引导定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词， 在定语从句中充当时间状语。Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching.8关系副词 where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词， 在定语从句中充当地点状语。She
8、is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.9关系副词 why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词 reason, 在定语从句中充当原因状语。He didnt tell me the reason why he was so upset.10.限制性定语从句(介词which / whom)3“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种，是我们学习定语从句的重点，也是高考的常考点。这类定语从句的关系代词主要有 which和 whom。先行词是物时，用介词 which；是人时，用介词 whom。介词后面的关系代词不能省略
9、。1)注意介词的选取： (1)根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。I called him by the wrong name, for which I should apologize. Who is the man with whom you just shook hands? (2)根据定语从句意思的需要，不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。We depend on the land from which we get our food.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? (3)根据意思也可用复杂介词，如：b
10、y means of，as a result of，in front of，in the back of，all of，most of，none of，the taller of 等。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.There are forty students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard at a difficult problem in mathematics.2)注意代词的选取：在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，如果关系代
11、词指代事物就用 which；如果指代人则用 whom。This is the reason for which he was put in prison.Tom has three brothers, one of whom is a singer. 3)注意关系代词的可替换性：某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where 和 why互换。This is the factory in which I once worked.(in which可 where替换)I have forgotten the exact date on which th
12、is country became independent.(on which可 when替换) 4)注意“介词 where”引导的定语从句：有时我们可以见到“介词 where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词 which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but 4trees.They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city.5) “复合介词短语关系代词
13、 which / whom”引导的定语从句作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓常需倒装。They arrived at a small house, in front of which sat a small boy.I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.6)名词 of which，或者 of which 名词，代替 whose 名词，在定语从句中作定语。Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which( whose price) was very reasonab
14、le.7)介词 which (指物)/ whose (指人)名词。该结构中，只能用关系代词 which，不能用 whom。which 单独起形容词作用，修饰它后面的名词。He might be ill, in which case we can not wait for him.The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.请用适当的引导词填空。1. Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protec
15、ted.2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.3. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.4. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China , _ he remembers starting as early as his chil
16、dhood.5. He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.6. He may win the competition, in_ case he is likely to get into the national team.7. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. 58. _ is often the case with children, Amy was better b
17、y the time the doctor arrived.9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.10. We have launched another man-made satellite,_ is announced in todays newspaper.11. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying.12.“You cant judge a book by its cover,”_ the old saying goes. .13. The children, all of _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.14. Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills.1, where 2, whose,3, who,4, which5, where 6 which 7, which 8, As 9Where 10 which 11 where 12,as 13 whom 14, where
