(江苏专用)2019高考生物二轮复习专题十三常考实验技能考点39实验结果与结论的预测与分析学案.doc

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1、1考点 39 实验结果与结论的预测与分析首先要明确该实验是验证性实验还是探究性实验。若为验证性实验,则实验现象与实验原理一致、结果唯一,结论与题目要求(目的)一致;若为探究性实验,则实验现象与实验原理一致或相反或居中,相应的结论有多种情况。典例 1 细胞有丝分裂后期,由于着丝点一分为二,染色体数目暂时加倍。着丝点一分为二的原因是纺锤丝牵引的结果还是受基因控制的生理活动?某同学对该问题进行了实验探究。(1)实验假设:_。(2)实验步骤:第一步:培养洋葱根尖。第二步:取两个广口瓶分别编号为 1 号、2 号,并装入清水,向 1 号瓶内加入 2 mL 一定浓度的秋水仙素,向 2 号瓶中加入 2 mL

2、清水。第三步:将已长出根尖的两个洋葱分别转移到 1 号、2 号广口瓶中培养一段时间。第四步:从 1 号、2 号广口瓶中洋葱上分别切取根尖 23 mm,并分别进行_等步骤制成临时装片。第五步:分别在显微镜下观察装片,比较并记录_(时期)细胞所占比例。(3)请你预测实验结果和结论:结果 结论1、 2 号瓶中洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂后期细胞所占比例相等2答案 (1)着丝点一分为二是受基因控制的生理活动(或着丝点一分为二是纺锤丝牵引的结果)(2)解离、漂洗、染色和制片 细胞有丝分裂后期(3)见下表结果 结论着丝点一分为二是受基因控制的生理活动1 号瓶中洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂后期细胞所占比例明显低于 2 号瓶

3、着丝点一分为二是纺锤丝牵引的结果典例 2 乌骨鸡的性别决定方式为 ZW 型,肤色有深乌、浅乌和黄色三种类型,受两对独立遗传的等位基因(A、a 和 B、b)控制,其中 A、a 基因位于常染色体上,B、b 基因只位于Z 染色体上,基因与性状的关系如图所示。现将纯合浅乌母鸡与纯合黄色公鸡交配,F 1中母鸡全为深乌,公鸡全为浅乌。研究表明,深乌公鸡体内含有丰富的黑色素,具有较好的延缓衰老的能力。现需从 F2中筛选出能稳定遗传的深乌公鸡作为种鸡进行繁育,请设计一代杂交实验方案来判断所选深乌公鸡的基因型,并写出实验预测结果和结论。(1)实验方案:_。(2)预测结果和结论:_。答案 (1)将该深乌公鸡与 F2中多只黄色母鸡进行杂交,观察子代的表现型(2)若子代没有出现黄色鸡,则该深乌公鸡的基因型为 AAZbZb(或该深乌公鸡能稳定遗传);若子代出现黄色鸡,则该深乌公鸡的基因型为 AaZbZb(或该深乌公鸡不能稳定遗传)

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