2019年高考数学高频考点揭秘与仿真测试专题42数列数列的求和3(裂项相消法求和)文(含解析).doc

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1、1专题 42 数列 数列的求和 3(裂项相消法求和)【考点讲解】1、具本目标:1.掌握等差、等比数列的求和方法;2. 掌握等非差、等比数列求和的几种常见方法.考纲解读:会用公式法、倒序相加法、错位相减法、裂项相消法、分组转化法求解不同类型数列的和,非等差、等比数列的求和是高考的热点,特别是错位相减法和裂项相消法求和. 二、知识概述:求数列前 n项和的基本方法(1)直接用等差、等比数列的求和公式求和; 等差: ;等比: 公比是字母时需要讨论.(理)无穷递缩等比数列时, qaS1(2)掌握一些常见的数列的前 n项和公式:; (3)倒序相加法求和:如果一个数列 na,与首末两端等“距离”的两项的和相

2、等或等于同一个常数,那么求这个数列的前 n项和即可用倒序相加法.(4)错位相减法求和:如果一个数列的各项是由一个等差数列和一个等比数列的对应项之积构成的,那么这个数列的前 项和即可用此法来求. q倍错位相减法:若数列 nc的通项公式 nncab,其中 na、nb中一个是等差数列,另一个是等比数列,求和时一般可在 已知和式的两边都乘以组成这个数列的等比2数列的公比,然后再将所得新和式与原和式相减,转化为同倍数的等比数列求和这种方法叫 q倍 错位相减法温馨提示:1.两个特殊数列等差与等比的乘积或商的组合.2.关注相减的项数及没有参与相减的项的保留.(5)分组求和:有一类 数列,既不是等差数列,也不是等比数列,若将这类数列适当拆开,把数列的每一项分成若干 项,使其转化为等差或等比数列,先分别求和 ,再合并.通项公式为 an的数列,其中数列 bn, cn是等比数列或等差数列,可采用分组求和法求和 【解析】 ()由已知得, 131na, 31na,即 1n数列 是首项 ,公差 d的等差数列. ,故 () .3

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