五年级数学下册2因数与倍数质数与合数补充习题2新人教版.doc

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1第 2 单元 因数与倍数质数与合数4 只同样的瓶子里分别装有一定数量的油。每瓶和其他各瓶分别各称一次,记录千克数如下:8,9,10,11,12,13。已知 4 只空瓶的质量之和以及油的质量之和均为质数。求最重的两瓶内有多少油?答案提示:最重的两瓶内含油量为 12 千克。解题思路:因为每瓶和其他各瓶分别各称一次,所以每个瓶称三次,那么四个空瓶和油的总质量为(8910111213)321(千克)。因为 4 只空瓶的质量之和以及油的质量之和均为质数,如果这两个质数都是奇数,奇数奇数偶数,而 21 是奇数,所以,空瓶质量之和与油质量之和一个为奇数一个为偶数。而 2 是偶质数,故空瓶质量和为 2 千克,油质量和为 19 千克。每个空瓶是 240.5 千克,故最重两瓶,也就是这两瓶的质量和是 13 千克,这两瓶内共有油 130.5212 千克。2

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