1、 IEC 60076-14 Edition 1.0 2013-09 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Power transformers Part 14: Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials Transformateurs de puissance Partie 14: Transformateurs de puissance immergs dans du liquide utilisant des matriaux
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16、 Edition 1.0 2013-09 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Power transformers Part 14: Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials Transformateurs de puissance Partie 14: Transformateurs de puissance immergs dans du liquide utilisant des matriaux isolants hau
17、te temprature INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XA ICS 29.180 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-8322-1096-3 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Ma
18、ke sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. 2 60076-14 IEC:2013 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions 9 4 Insula
19、tion systems . 11 4.1 General 11 4.2 Winding insulation types 12 4.2.1 General 12 4.2.2 Summary of winding/system insulation types 13 4.2.3 Hybrid winding types 13 4.2.4 High-temperature insulation winding . 16 5 Temperature rise limits 17 5.1 General 17 5.2 Thermally upgraded paper (TUP) . 19 5.3 C
20、ellulose used in ester liquid . 19 6 Components and materials 19 6.1 General 19 6.2 Leads and cables . 19 7 Special design considerations . 20 7.1 Short-circuit considerations 20 7.2 Dielectric requirements 20 7.3 Temperature requirements . 20 7.4 Overload 22 8 Required information . 23 8.1 Informat
21、ion to be provided by the purchaser 23 8.1.1 Ambient temperatures and loading cycle . 23 8.1.2 Other unusual service conditions 23 8.2 Information to be provided by the manufacturer . 23 8.2.1 Thermal characteristics . 23 8.2.2 Guarantees . 23 9 Rating plate and additional information 23 9.1 Rating
22、plate . 23 9.2 Transformer manual . 24 10 Test requirements 24 10.1 Routine, type and special tests 24 10.2 Dissolved gas analysis . 24 10.3 OD cooled compact transformers . 24 10.4 Evaluation of temperature-rise tests for windings with multiple hot-spots . 24 10.5 Dielectric type tests . 26 11 Supe
23、rvision, diagnostics, and maintenance . 27 11.1 General 27 11.2 Transformers filled with mineral insulating oil . 27 11.3 Transformers filled with high-temperature insulating liquids . 27 Annex A (informative) Insulation materials . 28 60076-14 IEC:2013 3 Annex B (informative) Rapid temperature incr
24、ease and bubble generation . 35 Annex C (informative) Ester liquid and cellulose 38 Annex D (normative) Insulation system coding . 52 Bibliography 55 Figure 1 Example of semi-hybrid insulation windings . 14 Figure 2 Example of a mixed hybrid insulation winding 15 Figure 3 Example of full hybrid insu
25、lation windings 16 Figure 4 Example of high-temperature insulation system . 17 Figure 5 Temperature gradient conductor to liquid . 21 Figure 6 Modified temperature diagram for windings with mixed hybrid insulation system 26 Figure A.1 Example of a thermal endurance graph . 29 Figure B.1 Bubble evolu
26、tion temperature chart. 36 Figure C.1 Tensile strength ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid. 39 Figure C.2 Composite tensile strength ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid 40 Figure C.3 DP ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid
27、41 Figure C.4 Composite DP ageing results of TUP in mineral oil and natural ester liquid. 42 Figure C.5 Tensile strength ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid 42 Figure C.6 Composite tensile strength ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liqui
28、d 43 Figure C.7 DP ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid 43 Figure C.8 Composite DP ageing results of kraft paper in mineral oil and natural ester liquid 44 Figure C.9 Infrared spectra of kraft paper aged in liquid at 110 C for 175 days . 46 Figure C.10 Unit life vers
29、us temperature of TUP ageing data (least squares fit) . 48 Figure C.11 Unit life versus temperature of kraft paper ageing data (least squares fit) . 48 Table 1 Preferred insulation system thermal classes 12 Table 2 Winding/system insulation comparison 13 Table 3 Maximum continuous temperature rise l
30、imits for transformers with hybrid insulation systems 18 Table 4 Maximum continuous temperature rise limits for transformers with high-temperature insulation systems . 19 Table 5 Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for transformers with hybrid insulation systems 22 Table 6 Suggested maximu
31、m overload temperature limits for transformers with high-temperature insulation systems . 22 Table A.1 Typical properties of solid insulation materials . 32 Table A.2 Typical enamels for wire insulation 33 Table A.3 Typical performance characteristics of unused insulating liquids 34 Table C.1 Effect
32、 of moisture solubility limits on cellulose moisture reduction 46 Table C.2 Comparison of ageing results. 47 4 60076-14 IEC:2013 Table C.3 Maximum temperature rise for ester liquid/cellulose insulation systems . 49 Table C.4 Suggested maximum overload temperature limits for ester liquid/cellulose in
33、sulation systems 49 60076-14 IEC:2013 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ POWER TRANSFORMERS Part 14: Liquid-immersed power transformers using high-temperature insulation materials FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardizati
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43、o the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be
44、held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60076-14 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 14: Power transformers. This first edition of IEC 60076-14 is an International Standard which cancels and replaces the second edition of the Technical Spec
45、ification IEC/TS 60076-14 published in 2009. It constitutes a technical revision. This International Standard includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the Technical Specification: a) the hot-spot relationship to thermal class is now defined; b) a new 140 thermal class is
46、defined; c) the number of insulation systems is reduced to only three: conventional, hybrid and high-temperature; 6 60076-14 IEC:2013 d) homogeneous high-temperature insulation system has been changed to just high-temperature insulation system; e) winding definitions were introduced to define variat
47、ions in the hybrid insulation system; f) the system example drawings have been revised for clarity; g) all suggested limits corresponding to Part 7 loading guide have been defined in a similar format; h) moisture equilibrium curves for high-temperature materials have been added to the moisture and b
48、ubble generation annex; i) an annex has been added to introduce the concept of thermal enhancement of cellulose by ester; j) some guide information, such as overload temperature limit suggestions was retained, but most of the other informative text was moved into informative annexes. The text of thi
49、s standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 14/755/FDIS 14/759/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the IEC 60076 series can be found, under the general title Power trans
