1、 IEC 61400-27-1 Edition 1.0 2015-02 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Wind turbines Part 27-1: Electrical simulation models Wind turbines Eoliennes Partie 27-1: Modles de simulation lectrique Eoliennes IEC 61400-27-1:2015-02(en-fr) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copy
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19、ur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous: csciec.ch. IEC 61400-27-1 Edition 1.0 2015-02 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Wind turbines Part 27-1: Electrical simulation models Wind turbines Eoliennes Partie 27-1: Modles de simulation lectrique Eoliennes INTERNATION
20、AL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-2226-3 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from a
21、n authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. colour inside 2 IEC 61400-27-1:2015 IEC 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 7 INTRODUCTION . 9 1 Scope 12 2 Normative references 12 3 Terms, definitions, abbreviations and subscripts 12 3.
22、1 Terms and definitions 12 3.2 Abbreviations and subscripts 17 3.2.1 Abbreviations . 17 3.2.2 Subscripts . 18 4 Symbols and units . 19 4.1 General . 19 4.2 Symbols (units) . 19 5 Specification of models 21 5.1 Overview. 21 5.2 General specifications . 21 5.3 Model interface . 23 5.4 Parameters and i
23、nitialisation . 24 5.4.1 General . 24 5.4.2 Parameter categories 24 5.4.3 Global parameters . 24 5.4.4 Initialisation . 24 5.5 Modular structure of models 25 5.5.1 Generic modular structure . 25 5.5.2 Type 1 . 26 5.5.3 Type 2 . 28 5.5.4 Type 3 . 30 5.5.5 Type 4 . 33 5.6 Module library . 37 5.6.1 Aer
24、odynamic models . 37 5.6.2 Mechanical models 38 5.6.3 Generator set models 39 5.6.4 Electrical equipment 44 5.6.5 Control models 44 5.6.6 Grid protection model 55 6 Specification of validation procedure . 57 6.1 Overview. 57 6.2 General specifications . 58 6.3 Validation procedure . 59 6.3.1 Voltage
25、 dips 59 6.3.2 Reference point changes . 64 6.3.3 Grid protection . 64 Annex A (informative) Validation test documentation 66 A.1 General . 66 A.2 Simulation model and validation setup information 66 A.3 Template for validation test results . 66 IEC 61400-27-1:2015 IEC 2015 3 A.3.1 General . 66 A.3.
26、2 Voltage dips 67 A.3.3 Reference point changes . 67 A.3.4 Grid protection . 68 Annex B (normative) Limits to possible model accuracy . 69 B.1 General . 69 B.2 Inevitable simulation errors . 69 B.3 Measurement errors 69 Annex C (normative) Digital 2 ndorder critically damped low pass filter . 71 Ann
27、ex D (informative) Simplified plant level model . 72 D.1 General . 72 D.2 Area of application 72 D.3 Voltage and reactive power controller model description . 72 D.4 Frequency and active power controller model description 74 Annex E (informative) Two-dimensional aerodynamic model 76 E.1 Objective 76
28、 E.2 Model approach 76 E.3 Model parameter fits . 77 E.4 Use cases . 80 E.4.1 General . 80 E.4.2 Stability study use cases . 80 E.4.3 Validation use cases 80 E.5 Model initialisation at derated conditions . 80 Annex F (informative) Generic Software Interface for use of models in different software e
29、nvironments 81 F.1 Description of the approach 81 F.2 Description of the Software interface 82 F.2.1 Description of data structures 82 F.2.2 Functions for communication through the ESE-interface 83 F.2.3 Inputs, Outputs, Parameters 85 Annex G (normative) Block symbol library 86 G.1 General . 86 G.2
30、Time step delay 86 G.3 Stand-alone ramp rate limiter 86 G.4 First order filter with absolute limits, rate limits and freeze flag . 87 G.5 Lookup table . 88 G.6 Comparator . 88 G.7 Timer 88 G.8 Anti windup integrator . 89 G.9 Integrator with reset 90 G.10 First order filter with limitation detection
31、90 G.11 Delay flag . 91 G.12 Raising edge detection . 91 Bibliography 93 Figure 1 Classification of power system stability according to IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force on Stability Terms and Definitions . 9 Figure 2 Example of step response. . 15 4 IEC 61400-27-1:2015 IEC 2015 Figure 3 General interface
32、 between WT model, grid model and WP model . 23 Figure 4 General interface for initialisation of WT model, WP model and grid model. . 25 Figure 5 Generic modular structure of WT models 26 Figure 6 Main electrical and mechanical components of type 1 WTs 26 Figure 7 Modular structure for the type 1A W
33、T model. 27 Figure 8 Modular structure for the type 1B WT model. 28 Figure 9 Main electrical and mechanical components of type 2 WTs 29 Figure 10 Modular structure for the type 2 WT model . 29 Figure 11 Modular structure for the type 2 control model 30 Figure 12 Main electrical and mechanical compon
34、ents of type 3 WTs 31 Figure 13 Modular structure for the type 3 WT model . 31 Figure 14 Modular structure for the type 3 control models 32 Figure 15 Main electrical and mechanical components of type 4 WTs 33 Figure 16 Modular structure for the type 4A WT model . 34 Figure 17 Modular structure for t
35、he type 4A control model . 34 Figure 18 Modular structure for the type 4B WT model . 35 Figure 19 Modular structure for the type 4B control model . 36 Figure 20 Block diagram for constant aerodynamic torque model . 37 Figure 21 Block diagram for one-dimensional aerodynamic model . 37 Figure 22 Block
36、 diagram for two-dimensional aerodynamic model 38 Figure 23 Block diagram for two mass model . 39 Figure 24 Block diagram for type 3A generator set model 40 Figure 25 Block diagram for type 3B generator set model 42 Figure 26 Block diagram for type 4 generator set model . 43 Figure 27 Block diagram
37、for the reference frame rotation model. 44 Figure 28 Block diagram for pitch control power model 45 Figure 29 Block diagram for pitch angle control model . 46 Figure 30 Block diagram for rotor resistance control model 47 Figure 31 Block diagram for type 3 P control model . 48 Figure 32 Block diagram
38、 for type 3 torque PI . 49 Figure 33 Block diagram for type 4A P control model . 49 Figure 34 Block diagram for type 4B P control model . 50 Figure 35 Block diagram for Q control model 52 Figure 36 Block diagram for current limiter . 54 Figure 37 Block diagram for constant Q limitation model 54 Figu
39、re 38 Block diagram for QP and QU limitation model . 55 Figure 39 Block diagram for grid protection system 56 Figure 40 Block diagram for u-f measurement 57 Figure 41 Signal processing structure with “play-back“ method applied. . 60 Figure 42 Signal processing structure with “full grid simulation“ m
40、ethod applied. . 61 Figure 43 Voltage dip windows. 63 Figure D.1 Block diagram for WP reactive power controllers 74 Figure D.2 Block diagram for WP active power controller . 75 IEC 61400-27-1:2015 IEC 2015 5 Figure E.1 Aerodynamic power as function of blade angle and wind speed v . 77 Figure E.2 Par
41、tial derivative of power with respect to rotor speed change p aero / WTRas function of blade angle and wind speed v 77 Figure E.3 Partial derivative of power with respect to blade angle dp as function of blade angle . 78 Figure E.4 Partial derivative of power with respect to rotor speed change dp as
42、 function of wind speed v for 1 p.u. (solid line) and 0,5 p.u. (dashed line) active power 78 Figure E.5 Approximation of aerodynamic power as function of wind speed . 79 Figure E.6 Approximation of the blade angle as function of wind speed . 79 Figure F.1 Sequence of Simulation on use of ESE-interfa
43、ce 85 Figure G.1 Block symbol for single integration time step delay . 86 Figure G.2 Block symbol for stand-alone ramp rate limiter . 86 Figure G.3 Block diagram for implementation of the stand-alone ramp rate limiter . 87 Figure G.4 Block symbol for first order filter with absolute limits, rate lim
44、its and freeze flag 87 Figure G.5 Block diagram for implementation of the first order filter with absolute limits, rate limits and freeze state 87 Figure G.6 Block diagram for implementation of the freeze state without filter (T = 0) . 88 Figure G.7 Block symbol for lookup table . 88 Figure G.8 Bloc
45、k symbols for comparators . 88 Figure G.9 Block symbol for timer 89 Figure G.10 Function of timer 89 Figure G.11 Block symbol for anti windup integrator 89 Figure G.12 Block diagram for implementation of anti windup integrator 90 Figure G.13 Block symbol for integrator with reset . 90 Figure G.14 Bl
46、ock symbol for first order filter with limitation detection 90 Figure G.15 Block diagram for implementation of first order filter with limitation detection . 91 Figure G.16 Block symbol for delay flag . 91 Figure G.17 Block diagram for implementation of delay flag . 91 Figure G.18 Block symbol raisi
47、ng edge detection . 92 Figure G.19 Block diagram for raising edge detection 92 Table 1 Global WT model parameters 24 Table 2 Initialisation variable used explicitly in model block diagrams 25 Table 3 Modules used in type 1A model . 27 Table 4 Modules used in type 1B model . 28 Table 5 Modules used i
48、n type 2 model . 30 Table 6 Modules used in type 3 model . 32 Table 7 Modules used in type 4A model . 35 Table 8 Modules used in type 4B model . 36 Table 9 Parameter list for one-dimensional aerodynamic model . 37 Table 10 Parameter list for two-dimensional aerodynamic model . 37 Table 11 Parameter list for two-mass model. 39 Table 12 Parameter list for type 3A generator set model 40 6 IEC 61400-27-1:2015 IEC 2015 Table 13 Parameter list for type 3B generator set model 41 Table 14 Parameter list for type 4 generator set model 43 Table 15 Parameter list for reference fram
