1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 7.1Temperature DeterminationLiquid-in-Glass ThermometersSECOND EDITION, AUGUST 2017Special NotesNeither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assigns make any warranty orrepresentation, either express or implied, with
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16、0005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Units of Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Equipment and Design Requiremen
20、ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 Liquid-in-Glass Thermomete
21、r Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.3 Thermowells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Procedure f
22、or Temperature Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.1 Static Temperature Determination Using Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.2 Dynamic Temperature Determination Using L
23、iquid-in-Glass Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Inspection, Verification, and Calibration Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.1 Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.2 Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.3 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Annex A (informative) Mercury-in-Glass Thermometer Alternative Testing Phase ITank Measurement . . 23Annex B (normative) Emergent-stem Correction for Liquid-in-Glass Therm
26、ometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Annex C (normative) Test Procedure for Determining Immersion Times of Liquid-in-Glass Tank Thermometers and Their Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Annex
27、 D (informative) Local Direct-reading Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Tables1 Allowable Tolerances: Operating Thermometer vs Temperature Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Tank Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Dynamic Temperature Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Minimum Number of Temperature Mea
29、surements for Various Depths of Hydrocarbon Liquid in Storage, Lease, Ship and Barge Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Comparison of Recommended Immersion Times for Woodback Cup-case Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
30、 Thermometer Assemblies and Temperature Levels for Tanks and Cargo Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Temperature Measurements for Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17C.1 Suggested Bath Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34C.2 Time Intervals for Reading Thermometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35D.1 Tank Appurtenances for Temperature Measurement . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Figures1 Types of Glass Thermometers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Typical Cup-case Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8vContentsPage3 Typical Armored-cased Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Typical Angle-stem Thermometer . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9B.1 Thermometers Immersed in Bath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26B.2 Total-immersion Thermometer Partially
35、 Immersed in a Thermowell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27B.3 Clip to Suspend Ambient Temperature Thermometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28B.4 Measuring Temperature of the Emergent Liquid Column . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29B.5 Measuring between Immersion Ring and Start of Temperature Scale (34 mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.6 Determining How Many Degrees on the Thermometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . 31INTRODUCTIONThis section describes how to correctly use various types of liquid-in-glass thermometers to accurately determine thetemperatures of hydrocarbon liquids. Other methods, equipment, and procedures for temperature determination aredescribed in the other sub-sections of API Manual of
38、 Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 7. vi1Temperature DeterminationLiquid-in-Glass Thermometers1Scope This section describes how to correctly use various types of liquid-in-glass thermometers to accurately determine thetemperatures of hydrocarbon liquids. Other methods, equipment, and pr
39、ocedures for temperature determination aredescribed in the other sub-sections of API MPMS Chapter 7. This chapter describes the methods, equipment, and procedures for manually determining the temperature of liquidpetroleum and petroleum products with liquid-in-glass thermometers. This chapter discus
40、ses temperaturemeasurement requirements in general for custody transfer, inventory control, and marine measurements. The actualmethod and equipment selected for temperature determination are left to the agreement of the parties involved.The manual method covers: Non-pressurized tanks and non-pressur
41、ized marine vessels Gas-blanketed tanks and gas-blanketed marine vesselsIt does not cover hydrocarbons under pressures in excess of 21 kPa gauge (3 psi gauge) or cryogenic temperaturemeasurement, unless equipped with a thermowell.The requirements of this chapter are based on practices for crude oils
42、 and petroleum products covered by API MPMSChapter 11.1 (ASTM D1250). Requirements in this chapter may be used for other fluids and other applications.However, other applications may require different performance and installation specifications.2 Normative References Manual of Petroleum Measurement
43、Standards (MPMS) Chapter 1, Terms and Definitions Chapter 2, Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks (All Sections) Chapter 3, Tank Gauging (All Sections) Chapter 8.1, Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products Chapter 11.1, Physical Properties Data, Temperature and P
44、ressure Volume Correction Factors for GeneralizedCrude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils Chapter 12.1.1, Calculation of Static Petroleum QuantitiesUpright Cylindrical Tanks and Marine Vessels Chapter 12.2, Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Methods and Volumetric Correction
45、 Factors Chapter 15, Guidelines for Use of the International System of Units (SI) in the Petroleum and Allied Industries Chapter 18.1, Custody TransferMeasurement Procedure for Crude Oil Gathered From Lease Tanks by TruckRP 500, Recommended Practice for Classifications of Locations for Electrical In
46、stallations at Petroleum FacilitiesClassified as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2RP 2003, Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents2API MANUAL OF PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT STANDARDS CHAPTER 7.1RP 3000, Classifying and Loading of Crude Oil into Rail Tank CarsASTM
47、1D1250, Standard Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables E1, Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77, Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of ThermometersE344, Terminology Relating to Thermometry and HydrometryE2251, Standard Specification for Liquid
48、-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsOCIMF2International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT)NIST3NIST Special Publication 1088, Maintenance, Validation, and Recalibration of Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersNFPA4NFPA 70, National Electrical Code3 Terms and Definiti
49、onsFor the purpose of this document, the following definitions apply. Refer to API Manual of Petroleum MeasurementStandards (MPMS) Chapter 1 and ASTM E344 for the definition of additional terms used in this standard.3.1degree3.1.1degree Celsius (C) A derived unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI).3.1.2degree Fahrenheit (F)A non-SI unit of temperature used in the U.S. Customary (USC) system of units. At any temperature, an interval ofone degree Fahrenheit is the same as an interval of 5/9degree Celsius.F = (C * 9/5) + 323.2temperature discriminat
