1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 7Temperature DeterminationSection 4Dynamic Temperature MeasurementSECOND EDITION, JANUARY 2018Special NotesNeither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assigns make any warranty or representation, either express or imp
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16、et, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 Safe
20、ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 Equipment Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Equipment and Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 Minimum Acceptable Resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 Thermowell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 Digital Thermometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.2 Meters . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.3 Provers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . 107.4 Test Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 Signal Transmission to Remote Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Procedures for Temperature Determination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.2 Temperature Measurement for Prover Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.3 Temperature Measurement for Meter Proving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.4 Temperature Measurement for Online Density Meter Proving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.5 Temperature Measurement for Meter Ticket. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . 138.6 Use of Manual Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Accuracy Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.1 Accuracy of Temperature Measurement Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.2 Total Accuracy of the Dynamic Temperature Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . 1510 Inspection, Verification, and Calibration Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.2 Traceability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.3 Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.4 Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610.5 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1810.6 Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Annex
36、 A (normative) Comparison of Inspection, Verification, and Calibration Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Tables1 Minimu
37、m Resolution of Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Minimum Accuracy Requirements of Temperature Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14A.1 Comparison of Inspecti
38、on, Verification and Calibration Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22vIntroductionThe purpose of this standard is to describe the measurement practice to accurately determine the temperature of liquid hydrocarbons under dynamic (i.e. flowing) conditions. The accurate
39、 measurement of temperature is essential to accurately determine the average temperature of the hydrocarbon liquid transferred, for the purpose of obtaining the temperature and pressure volume correction factors (refer to API MPMS Chapter 11.1) to calculate the volume at standard conditions.vi1Chapt
40、er 7Temperature DeterminationSection 4Dynamic Temperature Measurement1 ScopeThis standard describes methods, equipment, installation, and operating procedures for the proper determination of the temperature of hydrocarbon liquids under dynamic conditions in custody transfer applications. This standa
41、rd describes the accuracy requirement and the calibration of the temperature measurement equipment.This standard does not cover dynamic temperature measurement of refrigerated, light hydrocarbon fluids or cryogenic liquids. 2 Normative ReferencesThe following standards and other industry publication
42、s contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to use the most recent editions of the standards indicated below:API Manual of Petroleum Measureme
43、nt Standards (MPMS) Chapter 1, Terms and Definitions, http:/chapter1.api.org Chapter 4 (All Relevant Sections), Proving Systems Chapter 5 (All Relevant Sections), Metering Systems Chapter 6 (All Relevant Sections), Metering Assemblies Chapter 7.1, Liquid in Glass Thermometers Chapter 12.2, Calculati
44、on of Liquid Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods Chapter 21.2, Electronic Liquid Volume Measurement Using Positive Displacement and Turbine MetersAPI Recommended Practice 500, Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I Di
45、vision 1 and Division 2API Recommended Practice 2003, Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lighting, and Stray CurrentsASME 1ASME PTC 19.3TW_2016, American National Standard for ThermowellsASTM 2 ASTM E1, Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers ASTM E77, Standard Test Method for
46、Inspection and Verification of Liquid-in-glass Thermometers ASTM E344, Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry1American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-59902ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, www.astm.org2
47、SECTION 4DYNAMIC TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ASTM E644, Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Thermometers ASTM E1137, Standard Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers ASTM 2251, Standard Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
48、 ASTM E2593, Standard Guide for Accuracy Verification of Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers ASTM E2877, Standard Guide for Digital ThermometersIACS 3E10, Test Specification for Type ApprovalNFPA 4National Electrical CodeNIST 5NIST Special Publication 250-22, Platinum Resistance Thermometer
49、Calibrations3 Terms and Definitions3.1digital thermometer (DCT) (referred to as Digital Thermometers)An electronic device (per ASTM E2877) consisting of a digital display and associated temperature sensing probe.3.2temperature sensorA temperature sensor is one part of a thermometer in which some physical change occurs with temperature and converts this change into a value on a scale, (e.g. the scale on a liquid-in-glass thermometer, a digital device that displays a unit of measure).3.3resistance temperature detector (RTD)A temperature measuring device that operates
