1、Designation: D5048 14D5048 18Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics andResistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a125-mm Flame1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5048; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response standard contains a test method co
3、vers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining forsmall-scale laboratory procedures to be used to determine the relative burning characteristics and the resistance to burn-throughof plastics using small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm (500-W nominal) flame.1.1.1 Use Test Method
4、 D3801 for assessing comparative burning characteristics of solid plastics in a vertical position.NOTE 1This test method is equivalent to IEC 60695-11-20.60695-11-20 and UL 94 (Section 9).NOTE 2For additional information on comparative burning characteristics of solid plastics in a vertical position
5、, see Test Method D3801.1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intendedto serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The finalacceptance of the mater
6、ial is dependent upon its use in complete equipmentthe end-product that conforms with the standardsapplicable to such equipment.end-product.1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of componentmaterials for products.1.4 If found to
7、 be appropriate, it is suitable to apply the requirements to other nonmetallic materials. Such application is outsidethe scope of this technical committee.1.5 This test method is not intended to cover plastics when used as materials for building construction or finishing.1.5 Fire testing is inherent
8、ly hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors re
9、quired for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate s
10、afety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.1.1 for a specific hazard statement.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablishe
11、d in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD3801 Test Method for Measuring
12、 the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
13、ittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.Current edition approved May 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2018. Published May 2014October 2018. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 asD5048 09.D5048 14. DOI: 10.1520/D5048-14. 10.1520/D5048-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM web
14、site, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicati
15、on of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consi
16、dered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20mm (50W) and 125mm (500W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Bu
17、rning Tests onPlastic MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 IEC Standard:3IEC 60695-11-20 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 11-20: Test Flames - 500 W Flame Test Methods2.3 UL Standards:4UL 94 Standard f
18、or Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of TermsFor definitions of terms related to plastics used in this test method, refer to Terminology D883. Fordefinitions of terms related to fire used in this test method, refer to Termino
19、logy E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 flame-application timethe time in seconds that the flame from the burner is in contact with the specimen.3.2.2 flaming materialflaming drips or particles from the specimen which ignite the dry, absorbent 100 % surgical cottonplaced 3
20、00 6 10 mm below the test specimen.3.2.3 afterflamepersistence of flaming of a material, after the ignition source has been removed.3.2.4 afterflame timethe length of time for which a material continues to flame, under specified conditions, after the ignitionsource has been removed.3.2.5 afterglowpe
21、rsistence of glowing of a material, after cessation of flaming or, if no flaming occurs, after removal of theignition source.3.2.6 afterglow timethe length of time for which a material continues to glow under specified test conditions, after the ignitionsource has been removed or cessation of flamin
22、g, or both.3.2.7 burn-througha hole produced in the plaque specimen.3.2.8 flameto undergo combustion in the gaseous phase with emission of light.3.2.9 glowvisible light, other than from flaming, emitted by solid undergoing combustion.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Sets of 13 6 0.5 mm by 125 6 5-mm 125
23、 6 5 mm bar specimens and 150 6 5 mm by 150 6 5-mm 150 6 5 mm plaquespecimens are subjected to a 125-mm 125 mm flame with a 40 6 2-mm 40 6 2 mm inner blue cone, for five 5-second flameapplications. The afterflame plus afterglow time for the bar specimen is recorded after removal of the fifth flame a
24、pplication.Information is recorded on whether or not flaming material drips from the specimens, and whether or not the plaque specimensexhibit burn-through.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test results representpresent afterflame plus afterglow time,times, in seconds, for a material under the conditio
25、ns of thetest. The test results for plaques also indicate whether or not the specified flame will burn through a material.5.2 The effect of test is capable of assessing the effects of material thickness, colors, additives, deterioration, and possible lossof volatile components is measurable.on after
26、flame and afterglow.5.3 The burning characteristics is found to vary with thickness. Compare test data Test data shall be compared only with datafor materials of similar thickness only.material of the same thickness.5.4 The results serve as a reference for comparing the relative performance of mater
27、ials and can be an aid in material selection.5.5 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific laboratory test conditions. If different test conditionsare substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it will not always be possible by or from this test method to predi
28、ct changesin the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditionsdescribed in this test method.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chamber, an enclosure or laboratory hood with a minimum capacity of 0.750.5 m3, free of induced or forceforced d
29、raftduring test.An testing. The use of an enclosed laboratory hood with a heat-resistant glass window and an exhaust fan for removing3 Publications of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) are available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, NewYo
30、rk, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http:/.D5048 182the products of combustion after the tests are is recommended. If a draft is noted with the exhaust fan off, further measures areneeded to eliminate the draft,
31、such as adding a positive closing damper. The inside surfaces of the chamber shall be of a dark color.When a light meter, facing towards the rear of the chamber, is positioned in place of the test specimen, the light level shall be lessthan 20 lx.6.1.1 WarningProducts of combustion are toxic.An exha
32、ust fan is recommended shall be provided for removing the productsof combustion immediately after the test.NOTE 2The amount of oxygen available to support combustion is important for the conduct of flame tests. When burning times are prolonged,chamber sizes less than 1.0 m3 do not consistently provi
33、de accurate results.NOTE 3Placing a mirror in the hood, to provide a rear view of the test specimen, has been found useful.6.2 Burner, constructed in accordance with Specification D5025.6.3 Ring Stand, with a clamp or the equivalent, adjustable for vertical positioning of bar specimens and horizonta
34、l positioningof plaque specimens.6.4 Gas Supply, Supplya supply of Use technical-grade methane gas (min 98 % pure) as the fuel with suitable regulator andmeter for uniform gas flow. Natural gas having an energy density of approximately 37 mJ/m3 (1000 Btu/ft3) has been found toprovide similar results
35、. However, technical-grade methane gas shall be used as the referee gas in cases of dispute. Other fuel gases,such as butane, propane, and acetylene, have higher energy density and are not suitable.6.4.1 The use of natural gas having an energy density of 37 6 1 MJ/m3 (1000 Btu/ft3) has been found to
36、 provide similar resultsbut is not acceptable as the referee gas in cases of dispute.6.4.2 The use of other fuel gases, such as butane, propane or acetylene is not suitable because they have higher energy per unitvolume.6.5 BurningBurner Mounting Fixture, a fixture capable of positioning the burner
37、at an angle of 20 6 5 from the vertical.6.6 Timing Device, accurate to stop watch or other suitable timing device capable of timing to the nearest 0.5 seconds.6.7 Cotton, a supply of dry, absorbent 100 % surgical cotton.6.8 Desiccator, containing anhydrous calcium chloride or other suitable drying a
38、gent, capable of maintaining a relative humiditynot exceeding 20 % at 23 6 2C.6.9 Conditioning Room or Chamber, capable of being maintained at 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of 50 6 10 %.6.10 Conditioning Oven, a full-draft circulating air oven capable of being maintained at 70 6 2C.6.11 Micrometer
39、, capable of being read to 0.01 mm.6.12 Weighing Scale or Balance, having an accuracy and resolution of 0.01 g.7. Sampling7.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, the test specimen material shall be sampled in accordance with good statistical practice.8. Test Specimens8.1 The standard bar specimen shall be
40、 13 6 0.5 by 125 6 5 mm. The standard plaque specimen shall be 150 6 5 by 150 65 mm. Bar and plaque specimens shall be in the thickness appropriate to the objectives of the determination. Do not use this testmethod for materials thicker than 13 mm.8.2 Surfaces must be smooth and unbroken. Corner rad
41、ius shall not exceed 1.3 mm.After any cutting operation, remove all dustand any particles from the surface; cut edges are to have a smooth finish.8.3 The Since the results of tests carried out on test specimens of different,different colors, thicknesses, densities, molecularweights,masses, direction
42、s of orientation, or with different additives, fillers/reinforcements can be different.containing differentlevels or amounts of additives, fillers or reinforcements are potentially different, the additional considerations indicated in sections8.3.1 through 8.3.2 shall apply.8.3.1 Test specimens in t
43、he extremes of theWhen conducting tests on test specimens at the minimum and maximum densities,melt flows and fillers/reinforcements contents are to be provided and levels of fillers or of reinforcements, the test results shall onlybe considered representative of the complete range, if the results y
44、ield the same flame test classification. If the burningcharacteristics are not essentially the same for all specimens representing the range, the evaluation is to be limited only to thematerials in the densities, melt flows, and fillers/reinforcements contents tested, or additional test specimens in
45、 the intermediatedensities, melt flows, and fillers/reinforcements contents are to be tested.burning characteristics, including the same flame testclassification.8.3.2 Unpigmented test specimens and test specimens with the highest level of organic and inorganic pigment loading by weightare considere
46、d representative of the color range, if the test results are essentially the same. When certain pigments are known toaffect flammability characteristics, they are also to be tested. Test specimens to be tested are those that:If the burningcharacteristics, including the flame test classification, are
47、 not essentially the same for all specimens representing the range tested,D5048 183the test results shall be considered to apply only to those materials for which the actual color, thickness, density, molecular mass,melt flow characteristics and level of additives, fillers and or reinforcements have
48、 been tested.Additional specimens shall be testedfor intermediate ranges of each property.(a) contain no pigments (natural)(b) contain the highest level of organic pigments(c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments(d) contain pigments which are known to adversely affect flammability charact
49、eristics8.4 The range of flammability characteristics is likely to be affected by the pigments and for each individual type of pigment,the flammability is likely to range between that corresponding to the highest level and that corresponding to no pigment. Testingas follows is required and is likely to cover the range of flammability performance:(a) contain no pigments (natural)(b) contain the highest level of organic pigments(c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments(d) contain the highest level of carbon black (if carbon black is
