1、Designation: D6041 11D6041 18 An American National StandardStandard Specification forContact-Molded “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedThermosetting Resin) Corrosion Resistant Pipe andFittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6041; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers pip
3、e and fittings fabricated by contact molding, for pressures to 150 psi and made of acommercial-grade polyester resin. Included are requirements for materials, properties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances,workmanship, and appearance.1.2 This specification does not cover resins other than
4、polyester, reinforcing materials other than glass fibers or fabricationmethods other than contact molding.NOTE 1For the purposes of this specification, the term polyester resin will include both polyester and vinylester resins.1.3 This specification does not cover the design of pipe and fittings int
5、ended for use with liquids heated above their flash points.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to Section 10, the test methods po
6、rtion, of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability o
7、fregulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standar
8、ds, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced StructuresIntended for Liquid ServiceC5
9、82 Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic (RTP) Laminates for Corrosion-Resistant EquipmentD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in t
10、he Edgewise PositionD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barco
11、l ImpressorD2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced ResinsD3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsi
12、bility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced Plastic PipingSystems and Chemical Equipment.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2011November 2018. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20022011as D6041 97D6041 11.(2002), which was withdrawn in
13、January 2011 and reinstated in December 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D6041-11. DOI: 10.1520/D6041-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Sum
14、mary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommend
15、s that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
16、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D3681 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of “Fiberglass” (GlassFiberReinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe in a DeflectedConditionD5421 Specification for Contact Molded “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) FlangesF412 Terminology Rel
17、ating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 ANSI Standards:B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings3B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings3B18.22 Type “B” Narrow Washers32.3 National Sanitation Foundation Standard:NSF Standard 61 Drinking Water System ComponentsHealth Effects43. Terminology3.1 Defi
18、nitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology D883 and Terminology F412 and abbreviations are inaccordance withTerminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.The abbreviation for reinforced thermosetting resin pipe is RTRP.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1
19、 contact molding, na process for molding reinforced plastics in which reinforcement and resin are placed on an openmold or mandrel by either the “hand lay-up”(where resin and glass mat are applied by hand), or the “spray-up” manufacturingprocesses (where resin and chopped glass fibers are sprayed un
20、der pressure), or a combination of the two. The resulting laminateis then consolidated by rolling and cured without the application of pressure.3.2.2 fiberglass pipe, na tubular product containing glass fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by curedthermosetting resin. The composite structu
21、re may contain granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pigments, or dyes.Thermoplastic or thermosetting liners may be included.3.2.3 polyester, nresins produced by the polycondensation of dihydroxy glycols and dibasic organic acids or anhydrides,wherein at least one component contributes e
22、thylenic unsaturation yielding resins that can be compounded with styrol monomersand reacted to give highly crosslinked thermoset copolymers.3.2.4 vinyl ester, nresins characterized by reactive unsaturation located predominately in terminal positions that can becompounded with styrol monomers and re
23、acted to give highly crosslinked thermoset copolymers.4. Materials and ManufactureNOTE 3Specification C582 provides additional information on the materials and manufacturing of contactmolded laminates.NOTE 4Fiberglass pipe intended for use in the transport of potable water should be evaluated and ce
24、rtified as safe for this purpose by a testing agencyacceptable to the local health authority. The evaluation should be in accordance with requirements for chemical extraction, taste, and odor that are noless restrictive than those included in National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Standard 61. The sea
25、l or mark of the laboratory making the evaluation shouldbe included on the fiberglass pipe.4.1 Resin System:4.1.1 The resin used shall be a commercial grade, corrosion-resistant polyester that has been determined to be acceptable forthe service either by test, (see Practice C581), or by previous doc
26、umented service. Where service conditions have not beenevaluated a suitable resin may also be selected by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.NOTE 5The use of “previous documented service” needs to be approached carefully. It is not uncommon for specified operating conditions to beoverstate
27、d in an attempt to achieve a higher safety margin.4.1.1.1 The use of one resin in the corrosion barrier and a different resin in the structural layer (see Section 6) is permitted withthe acceptance of the purchaser.4.1.2 Additives, such as additional styrene, fillers, dyes, pigments, or flame retard
28、ants may be used when agreed upon betweenthe fabricatormanufacturer and purchaser. Thixotropic agents may be added to the resin for viscosity control.NOTE 6The addition of fillers, dyes, pigments, flame retardants, and thixotropic agents may interfere with visual inspection of laminate quality.NOTE
29、7Chemical resistance can be affected by the catalyst/promoter system, diluents, dyes, fillers, flame retardants, or thixotropic agents used in theresin.NOTE 8Antimony compounds or other fire-retardant agents may be added to halogenated resins for improved fire resistance, if agreed upon betweenthe m
30、anufacturer and the purchaser. These compounds do not improve the flame retardancy of non-halogenated resins.4.1.3 Ultraviolet Absorbers may be added for improved weather resistance when agreed upon between the manufacturer andthe purchaser.4.1.4 Resin Pastes,Putty, used where necessary to fill crev
31、ices at joints prior to applying the joint laminate shall not be subjectto the limitations of 4.1.3. PastesPutty shall be made with resin and fillers. The resin used in the pasteputty must be compatiblewith the resin used in the pipe and fittings.3 Available from American National Standards Institut
32、e (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http:/www.nsf.org.D6041 1824.2 Fiber Reinforcements:4.2.1 Surfacing Mat (Veil) is a thin mat of fine fibers used primarily to
33、 produce a smooth and corrosionresistant resinrichsurface on a reinforced plastic laminate.4.2.1.1 Veils are made from chemical resistant (type “C”) glass or organic fiber. The use of an organic-fiber surface mat isrecommended for environments that attack glass. The veil used in a laminate shall be
34、determined to be acceptable for the chemicalservice either by Practice C581 or by verified case history.4.2.1.2 The veil shall be a minimum of 10 mils in dry thickness and produce a thickness of 0.010 to 0.020 in. (0.25 to 0.50 mm)when saturated with resin.NOTE 9The primary chemical resistance of th
35、e RTR pipe is provided by the resin. In combination with the cured resin, the surfacing veil helpsdetermine the thickness of the resin-rich layer, and reduces microcracking.micro cracking.4.2.2 Chopped-strand Reinforcements shall be “E”-type or “ECR”-type glass fibers 1 to 2 in. (25 to 50 mm) long a
36、pplied in auniform layer with random orientation. The fibers shall have a sizing compatible with the selected resin. Chopped strandreinforcements may be purchased and applied as a mat or as continuous strand roving which is chopped into short lengths andsprayed onto the laminate in a process known a
37、s “spray up.” Either form is most commonly applied in layers weighing 112 oz/ft2(450 gm2) although other weights are available and may be used.4.2.3 Woven Roving, shall be “E”-type or “ECR”-type glass roving, woven into a fabric. The sizing on the roving shall becompatible with the selected resin. T
38、he most common woven roving has a 5 by 4 weave and a weight of 24 oz/yd2 (832 g/m2).4.2.4 Non-woven Roving “E type or “ECR” glass reinforcing fabrics such as biaxials and uni-directionals may be used in specialapplications such as reinforcing tees and other fittings or to improve the physical proper
39、ties of the laminate in a specific direction.4.2.5 Multiple Layer Reinforcements are fabrics composed of two or more layers of reinforcement combined into one fabric.The mostAcommon form is one layer of 1 12 oz/ft2 chopped strand mat combined with one layer of 24 oz/yd2 woven roving. Thepipe manufac
40、turer must use extra caution to ensure proper laminate quality is maintained when using multiple layerreinforcements.5. Design5.1 Design Basis:5.1.1 Class AFor pipe to be manufactured using Type I or Type II laminates as described in Specification C582, the UltimateTensile StressesStrengths shown in
41、 Specification C582 may be used for the design basis.5.1.2 Class BFor pipe manufactured with other than Type I or Type II laminates (in accordance with Specification C582), orfor Ultimate Tensile StressesStrengths greater than those shown in C582, testing in accordance with 10.5 or 10.6 is required
42、toestablish a design basis for each laminate type used by the pipe manufacturer. Testing shall be performed on a sample laminateor pipe of the same type and construction as will be used on the actual pipe and fittings. The thickness of the laminate sample willbe 38 in. (9.5 mm) or the maximum thickn
43、ess to be provided in the pipe and fittings, whichever is less. If testing in accordancewith 10.6, testing is required in both directions if the reinforcement is not applied equally in both directions. The laminate sampleshall not include a corrosion barrier. Laminates greater than 38 in. (9.5 mm) t
44、hick are to be constructed with standard repeatingsequences of reinforcement such as those described in Specification C582. Results from previously tested laminates may be usedprovided that such laminates were manufactured with the same resin, laminate type, and thickness within the previous five ye
45、ars.NOTE 10Reinforcements such as 24 oz/yd2 (832 g/m2) produced with a 5 by 4 weave are considered equal in both directions for the purpose of 5.1.2.5.1.3 Temperature LimitsService temperature shall be considered in the design of RTRP pipe unless the service temperatureis the lower of 150F (65C) or
46、35F (19C) below the resin Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) in accordance with Test MethodD648. When the service temperature exceeds these limits, testing in accordance with 10.4 shall be performed at the servicetemperature with samples conditioned in accordance with Practice D618.NOTE 11The use of
47、ambient temperature property values for elevated temperature service when using polyester resins should be considered carefully.Some combinations of temperature, chemical environment and laminate stress(strain) may result in the need to use reduced properties or increased safetyfactors to achieve th
48、e desired performance.5.2 Wall ThicknessThe required wall thickness due to internal pressure shall be determined by the following formula. Otherloads such as thermal expansion and bending between supports should also be considered. The minimum wall thickness shall bethe greater of 0.18 in. (4.5 mm)
49、or 1 % of the pipe inside diameter.t 5 P*ID!2*S 2P!where:t = calculated wall thickness, in. (mm) (see 6.1.2.3),P = design pressure, psi (kPa),ID = inside diameter of the pipe, in. (mm),S = allowable stress (not to exceed 110 of the design basis), psi (kPa).D6041 183S = allowable stress (not to exceed 110 of the Class A design basis per 5.1.1 or 16 of the Class B design basis per 5.1.2), psi(kPa).5.3 Standard pressure classes are 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 psi, however, custom classes are allowed.NOTE 12Special design consideration
