1、IEEE 1278-1 993 IEEE Standard for Information Tec hnology-Protocols for Distributed Interactive Simulation Applications Entity Information and Interaction IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the Standards Coordinating Committee Published b y the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
2、 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 1001Z USA. IEEE Std 1278-1993 IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Protocols for Distributed Interactive Simulation Applications Entity Information and Interaction Sponsor Standards Coordinating Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Approved March 18, 1993 I
3、EEE Standards Board Abstract: Data messages, called protocol data units (PDUs), that are exchanged between simula- tion applications are defined. These PDUs provide information concerning simulated entity states and the types of entity interactions that take place in a distributed interactive simula
4、tion (DIS). The messages defined are for interactions that are primarily within visual range. Future versions of this standard will contain additional PDUs required to exchange information about interactions and functions not currently supported. Keywords: articulated parts, attached parts, dead rec
5、koning, entity coordinates, Euler angles, field, guise, PDUs, right-hand rule, simulation application, simulation entity The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA Copyright 0 1993 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi
6、neers, Inc All rights reserved. Published 1993. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 1-55937-305-9 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. IEEE Standards documents are de
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15、etary, IEEE Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway. NJ 08855- 133 I USA IEEE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers without regard to whether their adoption may involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. Such adoption does
16、not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standards documents. Introduction (This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std 1278-1993, IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Protocols for Dis- tributed Interactive Simulation Appli
17、cations, Entity Information and Interaction.) This standard is part of a proposed set of standards for distributed interactive simulation (DIS). The relation- ship between this standard, Entity Information and Interaction, and other proposed DIS standards is shown below. Applications I- l- Y Service
18、s and Protocols Defined in Communication Architecture for Distributed Interactive Simulation Physical Medium and Related Protocols _- Documentation relationships This proposed set of standards discusses requirements for simulations participating in a distributed interac- tive simulation. There are s
19、everal elements that make up the DIS environment. Each element is to be addressed by one or more standards. Used together, these standards will define an interoperable simulated battle environment. It should be recognized that these proposed standards will also be applicable to civilian and commerci
20、al applications of DIS. Law enforcement, disaster control, environmental control, and gaming are but a few examples. The main elements to be addressed by these standards are: a) Communications b) Simulation environment c) Fidelity, exercise control, and feedback requirements The scope of this standa
21、rd lies within the first element, communications. Its purpose is to define the data messages that are exchanged between simulation applications. These protocol data units (PDUs) provide data concerning simulated entity states and the types of entity interactions that take place in a DIS exercise. Fu
22、ture versions of this standard will contain additional PDUs required to exchange information about inter- actions and functions not currently supported. The rationale behind the content of this standard is contained in IST-PD-92- I *. A related standard draft, IST-CR-92-6, establishes the requiremen
23、ts for the communication architecture to be used in DIS applications (CADIS). It makes recommendations concerning the communication profiles *Information on references can be found in clause 2 . 111 - that can provide the services to meet those requirements. This standard, along with the CADIS docum
24、ent, provide the necessary information exchange for the communications element of DIS. For the second element, simulation environment, the government of the United States has a draft of a mili- tary standard. Project 285 1 -SIF, describing database formats for terrain, culture, and dynamic model rep
25、re- sentation. The military standard draft is recommended for use with the developing DIS standards. For the third element the required fidelity correlation between simulations in a DIS exercise is addressed in the draft of standard IST-CR-92-8. The proposed method for setup and control of a DIS exe
26、rcise and provid- ing feedback at the end is addressed in the draft of standard IST-CR-92-10, The first edition of this standard defines messages for interactions that are primarily within visual range. It is anticipated that future editions of this standard will provide additional capabilities to s
27、upport other DIS application requirements, such as electronic combat. The area covered by this standard is undergoing evolution. Revisions are anticipated to this standard within the next few years to clarify existing material, to correct possible errors, and to incorporate new related material. At
28、the time this standard was completed, the Distributed Interactive Simulation Working Group had the fol- lowing membership: AI Kerecman, Chair Bruce McDonald, Vice Chair Christina Bouwens Daniel Bradford J. Joseph Brann Jerry Burchfiel Neale Cosby John Doner Jean-Pierre Faye Dexter Fletcher Grayden F
29、igart Thomas Fortunato Brian Goldiez Gary George Robert Glasgow David Greschke George Lukes James Hammond Edward Harvey Ronald Hofer Thomas Hoog Michael Kamrowski Gary Kamsickas Amnon Kat/ Samuel Knight Curtis Lawson Michael McGdugh David McKeeby Duncan Miller Kenneth Morris Thomas Nelson Alan Oatma
30、n William Parrish Eytan Pollak Arthur Pope David Powell Michael Robkin Randy Saunders Richard Schaffer David Shen Terry Snyder Steven Swaine Gene Wiehagen Karen Williams The Distributed Interactive Simulation Working Group acknowledges and appreciates that many concepts embodied in this standard are
31、 based largely upon the SIMulator NETworking (SIMNET) program that was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and was described in “The SIM- NET Network and Protocols as written by individuals from Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. This standard is based on the output of the I
32、nterfacemime Mission Critical Subgroup of the workshop on Standards for the Interoperability of Defense Simulations, which is hosted by the University of Central Florida Institute for Simulation and Training and sponsored by the U.S. Army Simulation Training and Instrumentation Command. The followin
33、g persons were on the balloting committee that approved this document for submission to the IEEE Standards Board: Ramon Acosta Jonathan Agre Charles Benton Kevin Boner Christina Bouwens Joseph Brann Robert Bret Jerry Burchfiel Richard Chandler Chaur-Chin Chen Hsingbing Chen Daniel Cohen Robert Crowd
34、er Les Curless Joseph Cynamon William Davis Douglas Degroot Claude Demedeuil Lawrence Dooley Henry Dubin Rodolfo Fiorini Howard Fry Keith Gardner Lawrence Goldberg Brian Goldiez Robert Grange Gary Hall James Hammond L. D. Healy Ronald Hofer Allen Irwin lrvin Jackson Elysa Jones Yann-Hang Lee John Lc
35、thert Jay Levenson Larry Lewis Wdyne Lindo Paul Little Paul Maassel David MacIntire Mary Maher Robert McCauley Jon McCombie Bruce McDonald David McKeeby Richard Mecklenborg Jon Miller Duncan Miller Gary Minden Richard Modjeski Edward Moore, Jr. Eugene Naccarato Hung Nguyen Sang-Hun Oh Willa Parrish
36、Milan Pate1 Raymond Paul John Pennevs William Peter Dennis Pierce Eytan Pollack Arthur Pope Yang Qianli Antonius Rachmat Donald Reifer Mark Riecken P. D. Rizik Michael Robkin Robert Romalewski Randy Saunders Richard Schaffer Richard Sherman Richard A. Smith Stephen Smyth C. G. Stockton Mojdeh Tabriz
37、i Amy Vanzant-Hodges Ranganadha Vemuri Dale Webster Rudy White Harry Whittemore Mark Yeager Alex Zamfirescu When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on March 18, 1993, it had the following member- ship: Wallace S. Read, Chair Donald C. Loughry, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Gille
38、s A. Baril Clyde R. Camp Donald C. Fleckenstein Jay Fonter* David F. Franklin Ramiro Garcia Donald N. Heirman Jim Isaak Ben C. Johnson Walter J. Karplus Lorraine C. Kevra E. G. “AI” Kiener lvor N. Knight Joseph L. Koepfinger* D. N. “Jim” Logothetis *Member Emeritus Also included are the following no
39、nvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal James Beall Richard B. Engelman David E. Soffrin Stanley Warshaw Don T. Michael* Marco W. Migliaro L. John Rankine Arthur K. Reilly Ronald H. Reimer Gary S. Robinson Leonard L. Tripp Donald W. Zipse Rachel Aualander IEEE StundardJ Prolecl Edi
40、tor V Contents CLAUSE PAGE 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Terminology . 1 References 2 Definitions 3 3.1 Acronyms . 5 Key concepts 6 4.1 Basic architecture concepts 6 4.2 Coordinate systems 7 4.3 Communication services 10 4.4 Functional requirements for DIS . 10 . General require
41、ments 13 5.1 DIS exercise . 13 5.2 Issuing entity 13 Issuance of PDUs . 13 5.4 Receipt of PDUs 13 Protocol data units for DIS 13 5.3 5.5 Detailed requirements 30 6.1 6.3 Representation of data 30 6.2 Basic data types and records 31 Protocol data units for distributed interactive simulation 38 ANN EX
42、 E S Annex A Articulated parts and attached parts . 53 A.l Scope 53 A.2 Articulated parts and attached parts . 53 vi . IEEE Standard for Information Technology- Protocols for Distributed Interactive Simulation Applications Entity Information and Interaction 1. Overview This standard explains the inf
43、ormation technology protocols required for Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) applications. This standard is divided into six clauses. Clause 1 provides the scope of the standard. Clause 2 lists references to other standards that are useful in applying this standard. Clause 3 provides defi- ni
44、tions of terms and acronyms that are used in the standard. It is imperative for the user of this standard to thoroughly review these definitions before proceeding on to the other clauses. Clause 4 details key DIS con- cepts that will help in understanding the context of this standard. Clause 5 conta
45、ins requirements concerning the content and use of protocol data units (PDUs) in DIS exercises. Clause 6 defines the various PDUs and their fields. 1.1 Scope This standard is part of a proposed set of standards for DIS applications. Each standard in the proposed set describes one or more of the seve
46、ral elements that constitute the DIS environment. As a whole the set of standards will define an interoperable simulated battle environment. This particular standard addresses the entity information and interaction protocols. This standard defines the data messages, known as PDUs, that are exchanged
47、 on a network between simula- tion applications. The messages defined are for interactions that are primarily within visual range. This stan- dard does not provide information to support other DIS application requirements, such as electronic combat. 1.2 Terminology The following six terms, which are
48、 defined in clause 3, form the basis for understanding the key concepts stated in clause 4. a) Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) b) Host computer c) Simulation application d) Simulation entity e) Simulation environment fl Simulation exercise 1 IEEE Std 1278-1 993 IEEE STANDARD FOR INFORMATION
49、 TECHNOLOGY-PROTOCOLS 2. References This standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications: DMATR 8350.2, 1987, Department of Defense World Geodetic System, 1984 (WGS 84), Its Definition and Relationships with Local Geodetic Systems. IEEE Std 268- 1992, American National Standard for Metric Practice (ANSI).2 IEEE Std 754-1985 (Reaff 1991), IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic (ANSI) IS0 7498 : 1984, Information Processing Systems-Open Systems Interconnection-Basic Reference Model.3 IST-CR-92-6, Draft, Communication Architecture for Distribut
