1、IEEE Std 1493-2006IEEE Guide for the Evaluation ofSolvents Used for Cleaning ElectricalCables and AccessoriesI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY10016-5997, USA6 June 2007IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theInsulated Conductors CommitteeIEEE Std 1493TM-2006 IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of So
2、lvents Used for Cleaning Electrical Cables and Accessories Sponsor Insulated Conductors Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 6 December 2006 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Test procedures for evaluating the physical characteristics of cable cleaning solvents and their compatib
3、ility with extruded dielectric cable components and cable accessories (joints and terminations) are provided in this guide. Compatibility is established by placing component samples in contact with the cleaning solvent for a short period and then measuring the physical or electrical properties of th
4、e component. The measured values are compared with values for samples that have not been in contact with the cleaner. Suggested performance values are provided. This guide also provides suggested procedures for evaluating the cleaning effectiveness of cable cleaning solvents. These comparative test
5、procedures do not provide absolute performance values. Keywords: cable accessories, cleaning effectiveness, compatibility, extruded dielectric cable _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical
6、 and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 6 June 2007. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained thro
7、ugh the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1493-2006, IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of Solvents Used for Cleaning Electrical Cables and Accessories. This guide provides test methods and general evaluation cr
8、iteria used to judge the efficacy of electrical cable cleaning solvents proposed as replacements for environmentally harmful and soon to be unavailable chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethane. The conformance of a product to the proposed requirements for replacement solvents suggests the pr
9、oduct should be acceptable for use as an electrical cable cleaning solvent. Solvents have been used by the electrical industry for numerous applications for many years. Most applications require the solvent meet special requirements such as fast evaporation rate, high dielectric strength, and compat
10、ibility with semiconductive polymeric materials. For several decades, one family of solvents has been universally used by the electric industry for nearly all of its applications. This family of chemicals is referred to as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are a unique class of compounds. One CFC co
11、mpound, trichloroethane, proved to be ideal for electrical cable cleaning by the electric industry because it has a very high flash point, high dielectric strength, evaporates quickly, and cleans effectively. Trichloroethane and most other members of the CFC family have been slated for a production
12、and use phase-out because of concern over the depletion of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere. Production of trichloroethane in the United States was halted on January 1, 1996. It has been heavily studied and well documented that CFCs rise to the upper atmosphere and react with upper level ozon
13、e, which causes the concentration of ozone to be substantially reduced. Reduced levels of upper level ozone are projected to allow higher levels of ultraviolet radiation to reach the earths surface, which is theorized to cause higher incidence of skin cancer in humans and reduced crop yields. Becaus
14、e of the phase-out of trichloroethane, the electric industry has been put in the situation of seeking substitute materials to meet its solvent needs. Trichloroethane had reached the status of a cleaning solvent that “just worked“ as confirmed over the many years that it was used. However, industry-w
15、ide specification or evaluation criteria were never written for this product and the many applications where it was used. This guide provides evaluation categories, test methods, and reasonable acceptance criteria that can be used by the electric industry to evaluate the numerous and diverse lot of
16、chemicals being proposed as replacements for trichloroethane for use as electrical cable and accessory cleaning solvents. The work of preparing this guide was carried out by Working Group B9W of the Accessories Subcommittee of the Insulated Conductors Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society.
17、 The original chair of this Working Group, Mr. Gene Weitz, was responsible for the development of this guide. Before the guide could be finalized, both Mr. Weitz and the vice chair, Mr. Peterson, resigned from the Working Group due to changes in their business focus. Unfortunately, the names of the
18、Working Group members were lost during that transition. The current chair and vice chair assisted with the development of this guide but are careful to note that much credit for pushing the guide through the rigorous development process belongs to Mr. Weitz and Mr. Peterson. v Copyright 2007 IEEE. A
19、ll rights reserved. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other guides can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can
20、 be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to
21、 the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE guide or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that
22、are brought to its attention. Participants At the time this guide was completed, the B9W Working Group had the following membership: Rick Hartlein, Chair Tom Champion, Vice Chair Michael Bayer Vern Buchholz John Cancelosi John Fee Bob Fulcomer Robert Keefe Glenn Luzzi Joseph McAuliffe Tim Robeson Fr
23、ank Stepniak Bill Taylor Milan Uzelac Jim Washburn Carl Wenzel Carl ZuidemaThe following members of the balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Kenneth Bow Kraig Bader A. James Braun Kent Brown John Cancelosi John Cooper Matthew Dav
24、is John Densley Guru Dutt Dhingra Gary Engmann Marcel Fortin Robert Fulcomer Ajit Gwal Robert Gear John Hans Jeffrey Hartenberger Edward Horgan Jr. Stan Howell Robert Keefe Gael R Kennedy Robert Konnik Gregory Luri Glenn Luzzi Eric Marsden John Merando Gary Michel Shantanu Nandi Neal Parker Michael
25、Pehosh Serge Pelissou Paul Pilitteri James Ruggieri Michael Smalley Joseph Snow Carl Wall Daniel Ward John Ware vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 6 December 2006, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Richard H. Hule
26、tt, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Mark D. Bowman Dennis B. Brophy Joseph Bruder Richard Cox Bob Davis Julian Forster* Joanna N. Guenin Mark S. Halpin Raymond Hapeman William B. Hopf Lowell G. Johnson Herman Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Daleep C. Mohla Paul Nik
27、olich T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Gary S. Robinson Frank Stone Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Joe D. Watson Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio,
28、DOE Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Michelle Turner IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development IEEE Standards Project Editor Contents 1. Scope 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions, acr
29、onyms, and abbreviations 3 3.1 Definitions . 3 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 3 4. General . 3 5. Safety 3 6. Regulatory status 4 6.1 Flash point . 5 6.2 Evaporation rate. 6 6.3 Dielectric strength 8 6.4 Percent nonvolatile residue 8 7. Compatibility tests 8 7.1 Insulation compatibility, tensile,
30、and elongation . 10 7.2 Insulation compatibility, volume swell 11 7.3 Cable insulation shield compatibility, volume resistivity 12 7.4 Cable accessory compatibility, insulation shield resistance 13 8. Electrical test 15 8.1 Sample preparation 15 8.2 Test procedure . 15 9. Cleaning effectiveness 15 9
31、.1 Qualitative method 16 9.2 Quantitative method 16 10. Conclusion 18 vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of Solvents Used for Cleaning Electrical Cables and Accessories 1. Scope This guide serves two primary purposes. The first is to outline many of the issue
32、s associated with using a solvent as an electric cable cleaner. The second is to provide a variety of tests that can be used for evaluating the performance of solvents intended for cleaning electric cables or cable accessories used by electric utilities. Tests for assessing the compatibility of a cl
33、eaning solvent with various cable and cable accessory components and tests for assessing cleaning effectiveness are included within this guide. Although many materials are used in cable systems, this guide covers only the basic cable and cable accessory components with a focus on electric power cabl
34、es. The guide may be applied to materials outside the scope of this document at the users discretion. The compatibility tests include suggested or target acceptance criteria to help assure that the solvent does not harm the component it is intended to clean. As this document is a guide, these values
35、 are not requirements. They are only provided as guidelines and are based either on industry standard requirements for materials or on the best judgment and experience of the working group members who prepared the document. They will be modified by the P1493 Working Group as additional data become a
36、vailable. The cleaning effectiveness tests are comparative tests with no specific performance requirements. Throughout this guide, the terms “solvent” and “cleaner” are both used to describe the chemical intended for use as a cable cleaner. 1 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1493-2
37、006 IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of Solvents Used for Cleaning Electrical Cables and Accessories 2 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For the dated references, only the edition
38、cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. 29 CFR 1910.106. OSHA criteria used to classify flammable or combustible liquids.1ASTM D56-02a, Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester.2ASTM D
39、93-02a, Standard Test Methods for Flash Methods for Flash Point by PenskyMartens Closed Cup Tester. ASTM D412-98a (2002), Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTension. ASTM D471-98e1, Standard Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of Liquids. ASTM D638-03 Standard
40、Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics. ASTM D877-02e1, Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes. ASTM D3182-89 (2001), Standard Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standa
41、rd Vulcanized Sheets. ASTM D3183-02, Standard Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products. ASTM D3278 (Test Method B), Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus. ASTM D4265, Standard Guide for Evaluating Stain Removal Performanc
42、e in Home Laundering. ASTM D4488, Testing Cleaning Performance of Products Intended for Use on Resilient Flooring and Washable Walls. ASTM D2369-04, Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings. ASTM F711-02, Standard Specification for Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Rod and Tube Used i
43、n Live Line Tools. ICEA S-94-649-2004, Standard for Concentric Neutral Cables Rated 5 Through 46 kV.3ICEA S-97-682-2004, Standard for Utility Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 Through 4 kV. IEEE Std 592TM-1990, IEEE Standard for Exposed Semiconducting Shields on High-Voltage Cable Joints and Separable I
44、nsulated Connectors (withdrawn).4MSDS, OSHA Form 20, Material Safety Data Sheet.51CFR publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC 20013-7082, USA (http:/www.access.gpo.gov/). 2ASTM publications are available from th
45、e American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA (http:/www.astm.org/). 3ICEA publications are available from ICEA, P.O. Box 20048, Minneapolis, MN 55420, USA (http:/www.icea.org/). 4IEEE Std 592-1990 has been withdrawn; however, copies can b
46、e obtained from Global Engineering, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112-5704, USA, tel. (303) 792-2181 (http:/ IEEE Std 1493-2006 IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of Solvents Used for Cleaning Electrical Cables and Accessories 3 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 3. Definitions, acronyms,
47、 and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of this guide, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition,6should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 3.1.1 room temperature and humidity: 20 5 C, 50 10% relative
48、 humidity. 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations CFC chlorinated fluorocarbon EPDM ethylene propylene diene rubber of type M as defined by ASTM D1418 EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPR ethylene propylene rubber EVA ethyl vinyl acetate MSDS material safety data sheet OSHA Occupational Safety and Health
49、 Administration VOC volatile organic compound 4. General Most cleaning solvents proposed as replacements for the chlorinated fluorocarbon (CFC) solvents are very different from CFCs. The alternative solvents have flash points versus no flash point, dry very slowly versus extremely fast, may be conductive versus nonconductive, and may be incompatible with sensitive electrical polymeric components versus proven compatibility. In addition, the proposed materials are extremely diverse. Therefore, it is very important that
