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9、g56g54g36;#23#23#23;#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23g49g82g89g72g80g69g72g85;#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#
10、23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23
11、23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23;#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23#23g55g48IEEE Std 1698-2009 IEEE Guide for the Calculation of Braking Distances for Rail Transit Vehicles Sponsor Rail Transit Vehicular Interface Committee of the IEEE Vehicul
12、ar Technology Society (VTS) Approved 11 September 2009 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: The design of automatic train protection and signal systems for fixed guideway (e.g., rail) transit systems requires knowledge of the braking distance of the vehicles utilized on the systems. Methods and assumpt
13、ions used in calculating the braking distances of rail transit vehicles are provided in this guide. The methods encompass automatic train protection and signal system operation, propulsion and brake system operation, environmental conditions, operator interfaces, tolerances, and failure modes. Keywo
14、rds: automatic train control (ATC), automatic train operation (ATO), automatic train protection (ATP), braking, braking distance, fixed-guideway transit, rail transit, signal systems The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 200
15、9 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 9 November 2009. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational cla
16、ssroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1698-2009, IEEE Guide for the Calculation of Braking Distances for Rail Transit Vehicles. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all ap
17、plicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of
18、its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by referenc
19、e, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. U
20、pdating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists
21、of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Associa
22、tion web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for
23、this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. iv Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. v Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Interpretations
24、 Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no posit
25、ion is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whe
26、ther any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infr
27、ingement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Participants At the time this guide was submitted for approval, the Breaking Distance Working Group had the following membership: David F. Thurston, Chair Anthony Z
28、akel, Vice Chair Herman Cornel James H. Dietz John H. Ewing Harvey Glickenstein David Gregson James R. Hoelscher Geoff Hubbs Jonathan Hulse Paul E. Jamieson Jeffrey R. Koval John LaForce Robert MacDonald David Male Kamel E. Mokhtech Edwin Mortlock David R. Phelps John M. Ronalter Donald A. Sandala V
29、ictor Segarra Brad Sherman Binh N. Tran The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Keith Chow Michael Crispo James H. Dietz Jeff Eilenberg Harvey Glickenstein Randall Groves James R. Hoelscher We
30、rner Hoelzl Paul E. Jamieson Mladen Jeftic Piotr Karocki Walter Keevil Saumen Kundu Thomas Kurihara Robert Macdonald William Petit David R. Phelps Alan Rumsey Bartien Sayogo Alexander Sinyak James E. Smith Carl Thompson David F. Thurston John Vergis Naor Wallach When the IEEE-SA Standards Board appr
31、oved this guide on 11 September 2009, it had the following membership: Robert M. Grow, Chair Thomas Prevost, Vice Chair Steve M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary John Barr Karen Bartleson Victor Berman Ted Burse Richard DeBlasio Andy Drozd Mark Epstein Alexander Gelman Jim Hughes Richard H
32、 Hulett Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Ted Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Narayanan Ramachandran Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Howard L. Wolfman, TAB Representative M
33、ichael Janezic, NIST Representative Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Michelle Turner IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Patricia Gerdon IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vi Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 111224445555
34、5566666778111111121313141516171821231.1 Scope . 1.2 Purpose 2. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 2.1 Definitions . 2.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 3 3. Braking model components 3 3.1 General 3 3.2 Maximum entry speed (A). 3.3 Entry point (B). 3.4 Distance traveled during reaction time (C) 3.
35、5 Runaway acceleration (D) . 3.6 Propulsion removal (E) 3.7 Dead time (coast) (F). 3.8 Brake build-up (G). 3.9 Guaranteed braking rate (H, I). 3.10 Vehicle overhang (J) 4. Application of the braking model. 4.1 General 4.2 Maximum entry speed . 4.3 Entry point. 4.4 Distance traveled during reaction t
36、ime 4.5 Runaway acceleration 4.6 Power to brake transition. 4.7 Guaranteed braking rate. 4.8 Vehicle overhang. 5. Stopping distance compensation 5.1 General 5.2 Compensation for grade. 5.3 Compensation for curvature 5.4 Compensation for train resistance 5.5 Miscellaneous 6. Speed reducing . Annex A
37、informative) Bibliography . Annex B (informative) Use of train performance caluculator (TPC) . Annex C (informative) Practical examples of power removal, dead time (coast) and brake applications . Annex D (informative) Empirical determination of minimum brake rate (H) Annex E (informative) Samples
38、of the application of the Guide for the Calculation of Braking Distances vii Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for the Calculation of Braking Distances for Rail Transit Vehicles IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental pr
39、otection in all circumstances. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and
40、 disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/ disclaimers.html. 1. Over
41、view 1.1 Scope This guide provides methods and assumptions used in calculating the braking distances of rail transit vehicles. The methods encompass automatic train protection and signal system operation, propulsion and brake system operation, environmental conditions, operator interfaces, tolerance
42、s, and failure modes. 1.2 Purpose The design of automatic train protection and signal systems for rail transit vehicles requires knowledge of braking distance. This guide provides methods of performing braking distance calculations. 1 Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1698-2009 IEEE
43、 Guide for the Calculation of Braking Distances for Rail Transit Vehicles 2. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 2.1 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms the tangent of the angle formed by the
44、algebraic value of the rise divided by the horizontal component of the run, typically expressed as a percent. gradient: The horizontal run over which one unit of rise occurs. jerk rate limit: The limit to the rate of change of acceleration designed into the propulsion, automatic train operation (ATO
45、), and/or braking apparatus. maximum attainable speed: An entry speed, commonly used with trip-stops with wayside signals, which is the highest speed that a train can achieve at the entry point of the braking model while operating in accordance with the rules of the authority having jurisdiction. ma
46、ximum authorized speed: The highest speed at which a train is allowed to operate in the absence of any condition requiring a lesser speed. operator reaction time: The time from passage of an entry point until an operator has performed a definitive action in recognition of the existence of a more res
47、trictive speed limit. 1The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms specific transit applications may not require use of all model components. The “worst-case” combination of parameters applicable to the vehicles (or combination(s) of vehicles) and physical location(s) being analyzed, as used in
48、 calculations, is defined by the authority having jurisdiction. Where a component is not to be included, the development of a comprehensive failure analysis supporting this decision is strongly recommended. Similarly, failure modes or other specific conditions considered and all components values us
49、ed should be validated by supporting analysis and test results wherever possible. A simplified illustration of the braking model is shown in Figure 1. 3 Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1698-2009 IEEE Guide for the Calculation of Braking Distances for Rail Transit Vehicles Figure 1 Braking model 3.2 Maximum entry speed (A) The maximum entry speed (A) is the highest speed at which the train can enter the model. 3.3 Entry point (B) The entry point (B) is the point where the braking model is initiated. 3.4 Distance traveled during reaction time
