1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13785-1 First edition 2002-12-15 Reference number ISO 13785-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 Reaction-to-fire tests for faades Part 1: Intermediate-scale test Essais de raction au feu des faades Partie 1: Essai chelle intermdiaireISO 13785-1:2002(E) ii ISO 2002 All rights reserved PDF d
2、isclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parti
3、es accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative t
4、o the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 Al
5、l rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country
6、of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in SwitzerlandISO 13785-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iii Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and defi
7、nitions 2 4 Principle 3 5 Test facility 3 6 Fire source and exposure . 3 7 Test specimen . 5 8 Test specimen instrumentation . 5 9 Test specimen conditioning 7 10 Test environment 7 11 Procedure . 7 12 Expression of results 8 13 Precision . 8 14 Test report 8 Bibliography. 10ISO 13785-1:2002(E) iv I
8、SO 2002 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body intereste
9、d in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Com
10、mission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as
11、 an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 13785 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent r
12、ights. International Standard ISO 13785-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation and growth. ISO 13785 consists of the following parts, under the general title Reaction-to-fire tests for faades: Part 1: Intermediate-scale test Part 2: Large-sca
13、le testISO 13785-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved v Introduction Fire is a complex phenomenon. Its behaviour and effects depend on a number of interrelated factors. The behaviour of materials and products depends on the characteristics of the fire, the method of use of the materials and the en
14、vironment in which they are exposed. The theory of “reaction to fire tests” is explained in ISO/TR 3814 2 . The need for improved thermal insulation of buildings both for single and multi-storey dwellings and for industrial buildings has led to an increased use of insulated and often ventilated faad
15、es. With these types of construction products, there are three primary fire threats to the walls and ceilings/roofs of a building: a) an interior compartment fire venting through a window on to a faade; b) an exterior fire in combustibles accumulated near a wall (e.g. rubbish, vegetation); c) fire i
16、n an adjacent building. Item a) is generally the most severe and substantially the most significant. Fire can spread in several ways. The most significant is by spread over a combustible exterior surface or the fire travelling vertically and horizontally through air cavities between claddings or faa
17、des, or through the core of insulation itself. The results may not, however, reflect the actual performance of exterior wall assemblies under all fire exposure conditions. The test specified in this part of ISO 13785 covers a simple representation of one fire scenario with faade products, typified b
18、y a fire within a building venting through a window and impinging directly on to a faade. The two parts of ISO 13785 provide two methods of test: an intermediate scale test specified in this part, which should only be used for screening or evaluation of sub-components or “families of products”, and
19、a large scale test specified in Part 2, which should be used to provide the end-use evaluation of all aspects of the faade system. These test methods are intended to evaluate assemblies that are not intended for use as an internal lining. The test specified in this part of ISO 13785 may be used for
20、comparative purposes or to ensure the existence of a certain quality of performance considered to have a bearing on the fire performance of the faades generally. No other meaning is attached to performance in this test. The large-scale test in Part 2 of ISO 13785 should be used to give a more realis
21、tic end-use assessment of performance. The test specified in this part of ISO 13785 does not rely on the use of asbestos-based materials.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13785-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 Reaction-to-fire tests for faades Part 1: Intermediate-scale test WARNING So that suitabl
22、e precautions may be taken to safeguard health, all persons involved in the fire tests should be aware of the possibility that toxic or harmful gases may be evolved during exposure of test specimens. Hazards are encountered when assessing the fire performance of any product on an intermediate-scale
23、and it is essential that adequate precautions be taken. Particular attention should be paid to the potential evolution of smoke and toxic gases and to the fact that extensive flaming of specimens can occur sometimes with resultant mechanical failure of fixings and joints and possible structural coll
24、apse. An adequate means of extinguishing the specimen should be provided. 1 Scope This part of ISO 13785 specifies a screening method for determining the reaction to fire performance of products and constructions of faades or claddings when exposed to heat from a simulated external fire with flames
25、impinging directly upon a faade. It is intended for use by producers to reduce the burden of testing in Part 2 of ISO 13785 by eliminating those systems that fail the tests described in this part of ISO 13785. This test method is applicable only to faades and claddings that are not free standing and
26、 that are used as an addition to an existing external wall. This test method also is only applicable to vertical elements and is not applicable to determining the structural strength of the faade or cladding. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through
27、reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 13785. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 13785 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying t
28、he most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety Vocabulary IEC 60584-2, Ther
29、mocouples Part 2: TolerancesISO 13785-1:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 13785, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943:2000 and the following apply. 3.1 assembly fabrication of materials and/or composites EXAMPLE Sandwich panel
30、. NOTE An assembly may include an air gap. 3.2 composite combination of materials that are generally recognized in building construction as discrete entities EXAMPLE Coated or laminated product. 3.3 constant mass state of a test specimen when two successive weighing apparatus operations carried out
31、at an interval of do not differ by more than of the mass of the specimen or , whichever is greater 3.4 exposed surface surface of a product subjected to the heating conditions of the test 3.5 faade cladding products and constructions added to the external surface of an existing wall or frame NOTE Th
32、e structure can be of concrete, lightweight concrete blockwork, masonry, timber, etc. The cladding may be applied directly to the inner structure or may incorporate an air gap or an insulating layer. 3.6 material single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture EXAMPLE Substance made of metal, stone,
33、 timber, concrete, mineral fibre or polymers. 3.7 product material, composite or assembly about which information is required 3.8 specimen faade or cladding representing the material of the end-use faade, including joints and fixings NOTE 1 The specimen does not include the lightweight concrete bloc
34、k wall of the test rig. NOTE 2 The specimen may include an air gap. 3.9 surface product any part of a building that constitutes an exposed surface on the walls and/or the ceiling/roof EXAMPLE Panel or board. 24 h 0,1 % 0,1 gISO 13785-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3 4 Principle The reaction
35、to fire of a faade or cladding is assessed when exposed to flames impinging directly on the face of the faade or cladding in the intermediate scale. The specimen is constructed with a re-entrant angle of , with the smaller wall parallel to the draught screens. This type of construction is common in
36、practice and creates a worst-case situation. The flame spread and mechanical behaviour of the specimen are assessed by indirect instrumental methods within the internal cavity of the faade, or directly by observation of the front face of the faade. 5 Test facility 5.1 General The test apparatus shal
37、l consist of a specimen support frame and an ignition source. A schematic representation of the test apparatus is shown in Figure 1. 5.2 Specimen support frame The specimen support frame (see Figure 1) shall consist of three walls, i.e. a three-part back wall and two side walls. The side walls shall
38、 be positioned perpendicularly on both sides of the back wall and a small wide perpendicular side wall. The test specimen shall be attached to a sample holder that is the middle part of the back wall. The height of all parts of the walls shall be . The back wall shall consist of two slabs of stone w
39、ool with a thickness of and a density of , and a corner configuration sample holder with a width of , made of a non-combustible board (thickness , nominal density ). The side wall of the sample holder shall also be constructed of non-combustible board with a width of . The sample holder shall be pos
40、itioned centrally between the mineral wool slabs. The total width of the back wall shall be . The test specimen shall be attached to the upper part of the sample holder so that the bottom edge of the test specimen is above floor level when the sample holder is positioned vertically. The side walls o
41、f the specimen support frame shall be made of a non-combustible board. The width of the side walls shall be . The side walls shall meet the floor, with no air gaps formed. The specimen support frame shall be located in an open laboratory environment in which adequate ventilation and adequate means o
42、f extracting the combustion products are provided. 6 Fire source and exposure WARNING All equipment (tubes, couplings, flowmeters, etc.) shall be approved for propane. The installation shall be performed in accordance with existing regulations. The burner shall, for reasons of safety, be equipped wi
43、th a remote-control ignition device (e.g. a pilot flame or a glow wire). There shall be a warning system for leaking gas and a valve for immediate and automatic cut-off of the gas supply in case of extinction of the ignition flame. The fire source shall be a propane gas burner with a right-angle top
44、 surface layer of a porous, inert material (e.g. sand). The size of the burner shall be (length width depth). The construction shall be such that an even gas flow is achieved over the entire opening area. The burner shall be placed on the floor lengthwise below the test specimen with the ends of the
45、 burner lined up with the edges of the test specimen. The back wall of the burner shall be in contact with the sample holder. The burner shall be supplied with natural grade propane ( purity). The gas flow to the burner shall be measured with an accuracy of at least . 90 0,6 m 2,8 m 100 mm 100 kg/m
46、3 1,2 m 12 mm 750 kg/m 3 0,6 m 2,4 m 0,4 m 2,4 m 1,2 m 0,1 m 0,15 m 95 % 3%ISO 13785-1:2002(E) 4 ISO 2002 All rights reserved Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Position of heat flux meter 2B a c k w a l l 3 Draught screen 4 Test specimen back wall 5 Test specimen side wall 6 Ignition burner Figure 1 T
47、est apparatus containing test specimenISO 13785-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 5 The heat output from the burner shall be throughout the test. The burner heat release rate is calculated by multiplying the gas flow by the heat of combustion of propane. A value of shall be used. 7 Test specime
48、n 7.1 Both in construction and materials, the test specimen shall be representative of the system used in practice. The application of the material to the test rig shall be as in practice. All constructional details of joints, fixings, etc., shall be detailed and positioned in the test specimen as i
49、n practice. The test specimen should be built by persons suitably qualified in the construction of this type of structure in practice. 7.2 The test specimen shall consist of sufficient cladding or faade panels together with battens and insulation, where appropriate, to cover two areas: wide and high; wide and high. The joints, where used in practice, and fixings shall be installed in end-use condition into the test specimen. The test specimen shall incorporate a central horizontal joint at mi
