1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 15704 First edition AMENDMENT 1 2000-06-01 2005-08-1 5 Industrial automation systems - Requirements for enterprise-reference architectures and methodologies - AMENDMENT 1 : Additional views for user concerns Systmes dautomatisation industrielle - Prescriptions pour archite
2、ctures de rfrence entreprise et mthodologies - AMENDEMENT 1: Vues additionnelles pour les intrts de lusager Reference number IS0 15704:2000/Amd.l:2005(E) 0 IS0 2005 IS0 15704:2000/Amd.l:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, t
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7、+41 227490947 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii O IS0 2005 -All rights reserved IS0 15704:2000/Amd.l:2005(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of pre
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9、 liaison with SO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task
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11、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. IS0 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Amendment 1 to International Standard IS0 15704:2000 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOTC 184, industrial
12、automation systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 5, Architecture, communications and integration frameworks. In preparing this amendment, substantive contributions were received from groups involved with enterprise-reference architectures such as the Purdue Enterprise-Reference Architecture (PERA
13、), the Graphes et Rsultats et Activits Interrelis GRAI Integrated Methodology (GRAI GIM), the Computer Integrated Manufacturing Open System Architecture (CIMOSA), and the Generalised Enterprise- Reference Architecture and Methodology (GERAM). O IS0 2005 -All rights reserved iii IS0 15704:2000/Amd.l:
14、2005(E) Industrial automation systems - Requirements for enterprise- reference architectures and methodologies - AMENDMENT 1 : Additional views for user concerns Page vi, Foreword Replace the last paragraph with the following: “Annexes A, B, C, and D are informative. Annex A is based on version 1.6.
15、2 of GERAM developed by the IFIP/IFAC Task Force on Architectures for Enterprise Integration who granted permission for its inclusion in IS0 15704. Annex B is based on the economic view found in A Stair-Like CIM System Architecture of Chen and Tseng. Annex C is based upon the decisional view found i
16、n CENTS14818 Technical Specification - Enterprise Integration - Decisional Reference Model.“ Page 1, subclause 3.2 Replace (a) in the note with the following: “a) system architectures (sometimes referred to as “type 1“ architectures) that deal with the design of a system, e.g. the computer control s
17、ystem part of an overall enterprise integration system;“ Page 5, subclause 4.2.6 Replace with the following: “Enterprise-reference architectures and methodologies shall exhibit the capability to represent any process and its constituent activities for the accomplishment of the management and control
18、 in support of the established mission of the enterprise according to the criteria established by enterprise management.“ Page 6, subclause 4.2.10 Add the following paragraph after the last paragraph: “Model developers may generate additional views for particular user concerns, and these can then be
19、 used by any concerned stakeholder. Examples of additional views are found in annexes B and C.“ Page 41, annex B Add the following two annexes before the existing Annex B and renumber the existing Annex B and its subclauses accordingly. O IS0 2005 -All rights reserved 1 IS0 15704:2000/Amd.l:2005(E)
20、Annex B (informative) Economic View in CIM system architecture B.l General B.l.l Introduction For entrepreneurs and business managers, confidence in advanced CI M technology depends upon the realization of a return on investment projected from design phase activities of both new system implementatio
21、ns and system up-grades and re-organizationshtegrations. Since both tangible and intangible benefits must be considered, evaluating the return is a difficult problem. An essential aspect of any mechanism to resolve the problem is the ability to evaluate different alternatives using models of existin
22、g and proposed system architectures in a manner that connects functionality with economic consequence so that design trade-off decisions are possible. In particular, the evaluation of intangible benefits is often a barrier to Computer Integrated Manufacturing investments. An Economic View presents m
23、odel content relative to economic decisions. It draws upon existing model content and established analytical methods to inform decision makers. The view is most critical early in the life cycle when the majority of economic commitments are encountered and late in the life cycle when economic perform
24、ance is measured. B.1.2 Support for enterprise managers As guidance for enterprise managers, the Economic View can help them to: a) predict the influences of system integration on the enterprise, b) evaluate necessary investment and possible benefits, c) make decisions and improve their correctness,
25、 and d) monitor the implementation process and application of the integrated system. B.1.3 Support for enterprise model developers and analyzers As guidance for model developers and analyzers, the Economic View helps them to: a) describe the economic elements, b) understand relationships between the
26、se elements and other components in an integrated system, c) describe economic relationships among enterprise strategic targets, the framework of the integrated system and its components, and d) identify economic benefits of enterprise re-organization. 2 O IS0 2005 - All rights reserved IS0 15704:20
27、00/Amd.l:2005(E) B.1.4 Support for system developers As guidance for the system developers, the Economic View provides: a) methods to evaluate economic consequences of system function modifications during the system development, and b) scoping of software tool use for economic modeling and analysis.
28、 B.2 Framework for Economic View In system implementation/integration projects, the goals and corresponding demands of the project target are reflected in the demands of the economic characteristics. Their economic implications/influences on the system are realized through the integration strategy a
29、nd the technology project. The Economic View establishes the relations between the economic target and the engineering project. It describes economic elements, influence factors and scalar indices manifested in the integrated system and their relationships that allow the determination of their impac
30、ts on the economic targets in the system integration project. These indices, factors, and elements are constructs and their properties taken from or derived from the four mandatory model-content views (4.2.1 O) In an integrated system, the Economic View consists of a grouping of models, which is use
31、d to describe economic components and their relationships. Many methods, e.g., graphical, mathematical, and even descriptive ones, may describe economic components. In order to improve the compatibility and assure the successful operation of an enterprise, a three-layer framework is constructed, exp
32、ressed in graphic form, based on enterprise modeling methods and reference models in the general enterprise reference architecture, as shown in Figure BI. The three layers in the Framework for Economic View (Indices, Factors, Elements) possess different economic attributes and the relationships amon
33、g layers have different attributes as well. The framework establishes the relationships between layers of detail from the top level strategic targets of an enterprise to the bottom basic economic elements with intervening indices and factors. To correctly establish the relationships among different
34、layers, both clustering and classification methods should be used to gather information from the generic and partial model pool for the applicable life cycle phases and then classify the information to establish the particular trees and relationships. Early in the life-cycle, economic targets (ET) a
35、nd constraints are established, e.g., return on investment, and pricing levels. Relative to this domain identification and concept definition, sets of economic indices (I,) bearing on the targets and constraints are arranged and analytic methods are chosen with increasing levels of detail exposed as
36、 the life cycle progresses. At the factors layer, process related cost factors are derived from the decomposition of process models into activities (fp). At this layer other economic factors result from the analytical breakdown of expected value that can be both tangible and intangible (fA). All of
37、the indices have both tangible and intangible factors. Even the most tangible indices, cost (ic) and time (IT) may have intangible factor influences that need to be taken into consideration. The explicit intangible factors, service (Is) and environment (IE) may have tangible factors as well, e.g., r
38、esponse time, pollution rate, etc. Tangible factors have diverse forms and representation. They can be expressed in mathematical equations (fE), matrices, tables (fT), boxes in graphical models, etc. In Figure B.1, the design phase is shown with greater elaboration using a tree of decomposed indices
39、, process factors (fp) depicted as a process model fragment, analytical factors (fA) depicted as hierarchy models, equation factors (fE) depicted as a formula, and table factors (fT) depicted as a data table. For factors, the element layer identifies the basic economic elements that comprise the var
40、iables in the mathematical equations (eE), the entries in the matrices and tables (eT), the activities (such as an activity box, e.g., in the lowest level IDEF3 model, (eA), etc., from which the factor cost or value are derived. These elements are usually simple attribute values characterized as ind
41、ivisible, and can be used to measure, monitor, or control the related factors. In general the elements are properties of resources used to value and cost an activity. Economic indices, factors, and elements can be of generic types collected as a pool of constructs for use at the various layers. Thes
42、e generic types can be formed into partial models of indices and factors to be used as an aide for populating a particular economic view through specialization. O IS0 2005 -All rights reserved 3 IS0 15704:2000/Amd.l:2005(E) Analysis methods vary by layer with, for example, tree hierarchy analysis te
43、chniques appropriate at the Indices layer, and process structure model simulation, hierarchy analysis, physics formulas, fit and interpolation methods at the Factor layer. These analysis methods collect data and support the decision optimization of the enterprise. Optimization results can be imposed
44、 on attributes to realize the enterprise strategy and improve its competitive ability. Two iterations of optimization and control exist - the target decomposition from the top down at Requirements, followed by system analysis from the bottom up at Design occurs early in the life cycle and then the s
45、ystem implementation from the top down at Implementation and the system monitor and control from the bottom up at Operation occurs later in the life cycle. The first iteration results in the roll-up of economic valuations for comparison against the targets and constraints. The second iteration provi
46、des measures of economic performance. Such methods can assure the realization of the enterprise target, the fundamental information collection and analysis, the rationalized target fulfillment and the system monitoring. Implementation of the framework should be supported by correct methodology, rich
47、 engineering practices and advanced theories and methods of system integration. Initiatives in concurrent engineering, cell technologies, and total quality management may be coupled with capital and labor investment for economic benefit. The analysis and evaluation of different implementation altern
48、atives of CIMS can be performed using the Economic View. The selection of the best alternative from many opportunities to implement system integration and the improvement of the enterprise competency is achieved as a result of specific modeling methods. Phase pool I I Application and Implementation
49、Methodology Particular Indices layer Factors layer Economic Elements layer 4 O IS0 2005 - All rights reserved IS0 15704:2000/Amd.l:2005(E) Table B.l - Icons for Figure B.l I“I I I ET II Economic Target I Indices (Cost, Time, Flexibility, Service, Environment, Quality) Activity elements - gx I Variable elements I - e Process factors Factors as matrices B.3 Candidate modelling methods B.3.1 Introduction Two methods used at the Factor layer, depicted in Figure B.l as fA and as hierarchy models, are presented below and followed by illustrative examples. B.3.2 Activity Based Cos
