1、 ISO 2017 Compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons Classification Fontes graphite vermiculaire (compact) Classification INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16112 Second edition 2017-02 Reference number ISO 16112:2017(E) ISO 16112:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017,
2、 Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. P
3、ermission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 16112:2017(E)Foreword
4、iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Designation 2 5 Order information 2 6 Manufacture 2 7 Requirements 3 7.1 General . 3 7.2 Test pieces machined from separately cast samples 3 7.3 Test pieces machined from side-by-side and cast-on samples 6 7.4 Test
5、pieces machined from samples cut from a casting 8 7.5 Hardness . 9 7.6 Graphite structure 9 8 Sampling 9 8.1 General . 9 8.2 Cast samples .10 8.2.1 Frequency and number of tests .10 8.2.2 Separately cast samples 10 8.2.3 Side-by-side cast samples .10 8.2.4 Cast-on samples .10 8.2.5 Test pieces machi
6、ned from cast samples .11 8.3 Samples cut from a casting 11 8.3.1 General.11 8.3.2 Other conditions11 8.4 Formation of test units and number of tests 11 8.4.1 Examples of test units 11 8.4.2 Number of tests per test unit .11 9 Test methods 12 9.1 Tensile test .12 9.2 Hardness test .13 10 Retests 14
7、10.1 Need for retests .14 10.2 Test validity .14 10.3 Nonconforming test results 14 10.4 Heat treatment of samples and castings 14 Annex A (informative) Additional information on compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons 15 Annex B (informative) Compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron nodularity
8、evaluation 18 Annex C (informative) Compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons Properties and typical applications .22 Annex D (informative) Cross-references of ISO 16112 grade designations to other standard grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron 23 Bibliography .24 ISO 2017 All rights
9、reserved iii Contents Page ISO 16112:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each memb
10、er body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Ele
11、ctrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types
12、 of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not b
13、e held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is in
14、formation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technica
15、l Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 25, Cast irons and pig irons. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16112:2006), which has been technically revised with the foll
16、owing changes: Brinell hardness values have been moved from Table 1 and Table 2 to Table A.1; property values for cast-on samples with relevant wall thickness t 12,5 mm have been removed from Table 2 because all data entries for t 12,5 mm were the same as the values for relevant wall thickness 12,5
17、mm t 30 mm; Annex B has been expanded to provide a more comprehensive explanation of the nodularity evaluation technique; Annex C has been deleted and replaced because the series production experience gained since the first publication of ISO 16112 in 2006 has surpassed the scope of the annex.iv ISO
18、 2017 All rights reserved ISO 16112:2017(E) Introduction This document deals with the classification of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons (CGI) in accordance with the mechanical properties of the material. The properties of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons depend on their graphite
19、 and matrix microstructure. The mechanical properties of the material can be evaluated on machined test pieces prepared from separately cast samples, samples cast in the mould alongside the casting, with a joint running system, hereafter called side- by-side samples, or samples cast onto either the
20、casting or the running system, hereafter referred to as cast-on samples, or samples cut from a casting (only when an agreement is made between the manufacturer and the purchaser). The material grade is defined by mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from separately cast sa
21、mples, cast-on samples, or samples cut from the casting by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Annex A provides typical properties for compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons obtained in separately cast test bars. Annex B provides information on a procedure to determine the grap
22、hite nodularity of the microstructure. Annex C provides information on properties and examples for typical applications of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons. Annex D provides cross-references of ISO 16112 grade designations to other national and international standard grades of compacted (v
23、ermicular) graphite cast iron. References used in the preparation of this document are listed in the Bibliography. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v Compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons Classification 1 Scope This document specifies five grades of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons. This
24、document specifies five grades based on the minimum mechanical properties measured on machined test pieces prepared from separately cast samples, side-by-side cast samples, cast-on samples, or samples cut from a casting. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in s
25、uch a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 945-1, Microstructure of cast irons Part 1: Graph
26、ite classification by visual analysis ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperature ISO/TR 15931, Designation system for cast irons and pig irons 3 Terms and definitions For the purpo
27、ses of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/
28、 obp 3.1 compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron cast material, iron and carbon based, the carbon being present mainly in the form of compacted (vermicular) graphite particles that appear vermicular on a two-dimensional plane of polish, the graphite particles being embedded in a matrix consisting
29、of ferrite, ferrite/pearlite, or pearlite Note 1 to entry: Reference micrographs are provided in Annex B. 3.2 graphite modification treatment process that brings the liquid iron into contact with a substance to produce graphite in the predominantly compacted (vermicular) form during solidification I
30、NTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 16112:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO 16112:2017(E) 3.3 separately cast sample sample cast in a separate sand mould under representative manufacturing conditions and material grade 3.4 side-by-side cast sample sample cast in the mould alongside the casting, with
31、 a connected but separate running system 3.5 cast-on sample sample attached directly to the running system or the casting 3.6 sample cut from the casting sample obtained directly from the casting 3.7 relevant wall thickness section of the casting, agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser, t
32、o which the determined mechanical properties shall apply Note 1 to entry: The cooling rate of the relevant wall thickness can be used to determine the size of separately cast or cast-on samples to ensure representative microstructures and properties. 4 Designation The material is designated accordin
33、g to ISO/TR 15931. The relevant designations are given in Tables 1 and 2. In the case of test pieces prepared from separately cast samples, the letter “S” is added at the end of the grade designation. In the case of test pieces prepared from side-by-side or cast-on samples, the letter “U” is added a
34、t the end of the grade designation. 5 Order information The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser: a) the complete designation of the material; b) any special requirements which shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. All agreements between the manufacture
35、r and the purchaser shall be made by the time of acceptance of the order. 6 Manufacture The method of producing compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron and its chemical composition shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer, who shall ensure that the requirements of this document are met
36、for the material grade specified in the order. NOTE When compacted (vermicular) graphite cast iron is to be used for special applications, the chemical composition and heat treatment can be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 16112:2017(E) 7 Requ
37、irements 7.1 General The minimum tensile properties of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons shall be as specified in Tables 1 and 2. Production test results shall meet the minimum tensile property requirements specified in Table 1 or Table 2. Statistical analysis methods shall be used to estab
38、lish process capability to meet the tensile property requirements. 7.2 Test pieces machined from separately cast samples The minimum measured mechanical properties of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons, determined using test pieces machined from separately cast samples according to Figure 1,
39、 Figure 2 or Figure 3 shall be as specified in Table 1. The material designation is based on the minimum mechanical properties obtained in cast samples with a thickness of 25 mm. This designation is irrespective of the type of cast sample. Table 1 Mechanical properties measured on test pieces machin
40、ed from separately cast samples Material designation Tensile strength 0,2 % proof strength Elongation R m R p0,2 A MPa MPa % min min min ISO 16112/JV/300/S 300 210 2,0 ISO 16112/JV/350/S 350 245 1,5 I S O 16112/ J V/4 0 0/S 400 280 1,0 I S O 16112/ J V/450/S 450 315 1,0 I S O 16112/ J V/50 0/S 500 3
41、50 0,5 N OTE 1 The values fo r these materials apply to castings cast in sand m o ulds of co m parable thermal behaviour. Subject to amendments agreed upon in the order, they can apply to castings obtained by alternative methods. NOTE 2 Whatever the method used for obtaining the castings, the grades
42、 are based on the mechanical properties measured on test pieces machined from samples separately cast in a sand mould or a mould of comparable thermal behaviour. NOTE 3 Tensile testing requires sound test pieces in order to ensure pure uniaxial stress during the test. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3
43、ISO 16112:2017(E) Dimensions in millimetresa) Types I, IIa and III b) Type IIb Dimension Type I IIa IIb III u 12,5 25 25 50 v 40 55 90 90 x 30 40 40 to 50 60 y a 80 100 100 150 z b A function of the test-piece length aFor information only. bz shall be chosen to allow a test piece of the dimensions s
44、hown in Figure 5 to be machined from the sample. Figure 1 Separately cast or side-by-side cast samples (option 1) The thickness of the sand mould surrounding the samples shall be 40 mm minimum for types I, IIa and IIb, or 80 mm minimum for type III. NOTE For the manufacture of thin-walled castings o
45、r castings in metal moulds, the tensile properties can, by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, be determined on test pieces taken from samples of thickness, u, less than 12,5 mm.4 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 16112:2017(E) Dimensions in millimetres Dimension Type I II III IV u
46、12,5 25 50 75 v 40 55 100 125 x 25 40 50 65 y a 135 140 150 175 z b A function of the test-piece length aFor information only. bz shall be chosen to allow a test piece of the dimensions shown in Figure 5 to be machined from the sample. Figure 2 Separately cast or side-by-side cast samples (option 2)
47、 The thickness of the sand mould surrounding the samples shall be 40 mm minimum for types I and II, or 80 mm minimum for types III and IV. NOTE For the manufacture of thin-walled castings or castings in metal moulds, the tensile properties can, by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser
48、, be determined on test pieces taken from samples of thickness, u, less than 12,5 mm. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 5 ISO 16112:2017(E) Dimensions in millimetresa) Type a b) Type b c) Type c Type A B D H H b L f L n L t W a 4,5 5,5 25 50 L t+ 20 L t 50 a 100 b 4,5 5,5 25 50 L t+ 20 L t 50 50 c 4,0 5,
49、0 25 35 15 L t+ 20 L t 50 50 aL tshall be chosen to allow a test piece of dimensions shown in Figure 5 to be machined from the cast sample. Figure 3 Separately cast or side-by-side cast samples (option 3) The thickness of the sand mould surrounding the samples shall be at least 40 mm. 7.3 Test pieces machined from side-by-side and cast-on samples The minimum mechanical properties of compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons, determined using test pieces machined from side-b
