1、 ISO 2017 Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works Carbon metric of an existing building during use stage Part 1: Calculation, reporting and communication Dveloppement durable dans les btiments et les ouvrages de gnie civil Mtrique du carbone des btiments existants pendant la phase op
2、rationnelle Partie 1: Calculs, rapports et communication INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16745-1 First edition 2017-05 Reference number ISO 16745-1:2017(E) ISO 16745-1:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherw
3、ise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address be
4、low or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 16745-1:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T
5、 erms and definitions . 2 4 Principles . 5 4.1 General . 5 4.2 Completeness . 5 4.3 Consistency 5 4.4 Relevance . 6 4.5 Coherence 6 4.6 Accuracy 6 4.7 Transparency 6 4.8 Avoidance of double counting 6 5 Protocol of measuring the carbon metric of a building in the use stage 6 5.1 System boundary 6 5.
6、1.1 Types of carbon metrics of a building . 6 5.1.2 System boundary for the carbon metrics of a building 7 5.2 Carbon metric and carbon intensity 10 5.3 Calculation of GHG emissions 10 5.3.1 GHG emissions associated with energy use of a building 10 5.3.2 Measurement of energy carrier .10 5.3.3 Expor
7、ted energy 11 5.3.4 Energy usage 11 5.3.5 GHG emission coefficients 12 6 Reporting and communication of the carbon metric 14 6.1 General 14 6.2 Reporting of the carbon metric14 6.2.1 Mandatory requirements 14 6.2.2 Additional information 18 6.3 Communication of the carbon metric.19 6.3.1 Type of com
8、munication 19 6.3.2 Provision of information 20 6.3.3 Availability of information 21 6.3.4 Carbon metric disclosure report .21 6.3.5 Explanatory material.22 Annex A (informative) Aim of carbon metric 23 Annex B (informative) Building ener gy use defined b y usage b y ISO 12655 .24 Annex C (informati
9、ve) T ypes of fact ors or c oefficients b y ISO 16346 .27 Annex D (informative) Allocation of emissions related to target energy in combined heat and power generation by VDI 4660 Part 2 .28 Annex E (informative) Status of ISO 16745 and other documents and concepts related to the description and asse
10、ssment of greenhouse gas emissions caused by buildings 35 Bibliography .38 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 16745-1:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prep
11、aring International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
12、liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC
13、 Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibilit
14、y that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of pate
15、nt declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to
16、conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civi
17、l engineering works, Subcommittee SC 17, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works. This first edition of ISO 16745-1, together with ISO 16745-2, cancels and replaces ISO 16745:2015, of which it constitutes a minor revision. ISO 16745:2015, Clause 7 has been transferred to ISO 16745-2
18、to keep the requirements for the verification of the carbon metric declaration independent of the requirements for the carbon metric calculation, reporting and communication, as well as other minor editorial modifications. A list of all parts in the ISO 16745 series can be found on the ISO website.i
19、v ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 16745-1:2017(E) Introduction Buildings contribute approximately one-third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With its high share of emissions, the building and construction sector has the responsibility to take the global lead in implementing strategies to r
20、educe GHG emissions. The building and construction sector has more potential and opportunity to deliver quick, deep, and cost-effective GHG mitigation than any other sectors. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions contribute to global warming, which is one of the most recognized environmental impacts attr
21、ibutable to buildings. In this context, measurement and reporting of GHG emissions from existing buildings are critical for enabling significant and cost-effective GHG mitigation. Currently, there has not been a globally agreed method established to measure, report, and verify potential reductions o
22、f GHG emissions from existing buildings in a consistent and comparable way. If such a method existed, it could be used as a universal tool for measurement and reporting of GHG emissions, providing the foundation for accurate performance baselines of buildings to be drawn, national targets to be set,
23、 and carbon trading to occur on a level playing field. In principle, accurate and precise reporting can only be achieved if GHG emissions (and removals) from all life cycle stages of buildings are measured and/or quantified. However, not all countries in the world have sufficient capacity or resourc
24、es to use and apply life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies. Respecting the need for collaboration on a global scale, the need exists for a metric that is usable not only in countries with sufficient number of experts and a precise database, but also in those countries where experts services are l
25、imited and databases have considerable gaps. For instance, with the potential for global scale carbon trading within building-related sectors, a method that is consistently usable in both the well-developed and developing world is needed. Operational energy use in buildings typically accounts for 70
26、 % to 80 % of energy use over the building life cycle. Therefore, the operating stage of the buildings life cycle is the focus of measurement and reporting of direct and indirect GHG emissions. This document aims to set out a globally applicable common method of measuring and reporting of associated
27、 GHG emissions (and removals) attributable to existing buildings, by providing requirements for the determining and reporting of a carbon metric(s) of a building. The carbon metric is a measure (a partial carbon footprint) that is based on energy use data and related building information for an exis
28、ting building in operation. It provides information related to the calculation of GHG emissions and can be used as an environmental indicator. Using this approach, the metric and its protocol can be applied by all stakeholders in both developing and well-developed countries, where building energy co
29、nsumption and other relevant data can be retrieved or collected, making it useful and globally transferable. This document aims to be practical for many stakeholders (i.e. not only for the building profession), who are expected to use the carbon metric of a building as reference for decision making
30、in their business activities, governmental policies, and as a baseline for benchmarking. The simplicity of approach provides applicability at all scales, ranging from cities and building portfolios to individual buildings. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v Sustainability in buildings and civil engineer
31、ing works Carbon metric of an existing building during use stage Part 1: Calculation, reporting and communication 1 Scope This document provides requirements for determining and reporting a carbon metric of an existing building, associated with the operation of the building. It sets out methods for
32、the calculation, reporting and communication of a set of carbon metrics for GHG emissions arising from the measured energy use during the operation of an existing building, the measured user-related energy use, and other relevant GHG emissions and removals. These carbon metrics are separated into th
33、ree measures designated CM1, CM2, and CM3 (see 5.1.1). This document follows the principles set out in ISO 15392 and those described in Clause 4. Where deviations from the principles in ISO 15392 occur, or where more specific principles are stated, this document takes precedence. The carbon metrics
34、CM1 and CM2 are not quantified based on life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Carbon metric CM3 may include partial quantification based on the results of LCA. This document does not include any method of modelling of the operational energy use of the building but follows the conventions provided
35、 by other International Standards, as given in relevant clauses. This document is not an assessment method for evaluating the overall environmental performance of a building or a building-rating tool and does not include value-based interpretation of the carbon metric(s) through weightings or benchm
36、arking. This document deals with the application of the carbon metric(s) for an existing building, either residential or commercial, or a building complex. It does not include provisions for regional and/or national building stock. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in th
37、e text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6707-1:2004, Buildings and civil engin
38、eering works Vocabulary Part 1: General terms ISO 12655, Energy performance of buildings Presentation of measured energy use of buildings ISO 14050, Environmental management Vocabulary ISO 15392, Sustainability in building construction General principles ISO/TR 16344:2012, Energy performance of buil
39、dings Common terms, definitions and symbols for the overall energy performance rating and certification INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 16745-1:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO 16745-1:2017(E) 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO
40、6707-1, ISO 12655, ISO 14050, ISO 15392, ISO/TR 16344 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/
41、www .iso .org/ obp 3.1 building service service provided by technical building systems (3.19) and by appliances to provide acceptable indoor environment conditions, domestic hot water, illumination levels, and other services related to the use of the building Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of thi
42、s document, the following terms are used as per their definitions in the following reference documents: appliances (ISO 6707-1:2004, 5.4.7) and building (ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.1.3). SOURCE: ISO 52000-1:2017, 3.3.3, modified Note 1 to entry has been added. 3.2 carbon intensity carbon metric (3.3) expres
43、sed in relation to a specific reference unit related to the function of the building Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are used as per their definitions in the following reference documents: function (ISO 15686-10:2010, 3.10) and building (ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.1.3
44、). Note 2 to entry: Examples of reference units may include per unit area, per person, per kilobyte, per unit output, and per GDP. 3.3 carbon metric sum of annual greenhouse gas emissions and removals, expressed as CO 2equivalents, associated with the use stage of a building Note 1 to entry: For the
45、 purposes of this document, the following terms are used as per their definitions in the following reference documents: greenhouse gas emissions (ISO 14064-1:2006, 2.5), removals (ISO 14064-1:2006, 2.6), CO 2equivalents (ISO 14064-1:2006, 2.19) and building (ISO 6707-1:2004, 3.1.3). 3.4 cooling remo
46、val of latent and/or sensible heat SOURCE: ISO 16818:2008, 3.47 3.5 delivered energy energy (3.6), expressed per energy carrier (3.7), supplied to the technical building systems (3.19) through the system boundary (3.18), to satisfy the uses taken into account heating, cooling (3.4), ventilation (3.2
47、0), domestic hot water, lighting, appliances, etc., or to produce electricity Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, the term appliances is used as per its definition in ISO 6707-1:2004, 5.4.7. Note 2 to entry: Delivered energy can be calculated for defined energy uses or it can be meas
48、ured. SOURCE: ISO/TR 16344:2012, 2.1.33, modified Note 1 related to active solar and wind energy systems has been deleted.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 16745-1:2017(E) 3.6 energy capacity for doing work; having several forms that may be transformed from one to another, such as thermal (heat), m
49、echanical (work), electrical, or chemical SOURCE: ISO 16818:2008, 3.74 3.7 energy carrier substance or phenomenon that can be used to produce mechanical work or heat or to operate chemical or physical processes Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, the term heat is used as per its definition in ISO 16818:2008, 3.117. Note 2 to entry: The energy content of fuels (3.10) is given by their gross calorific value (ISO/TR 16344:2012, 2.1.78). SOURCE: ISO/TR 16344:2012, 2.1.46 3.8 energy source source fr
