1、 Reference number ISO 21072-2:2009(E) ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21072-2 First edition 2009-08-15 Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers Part 2: Static water conditions Navires et technologie maritime Protection de lenvironnement marin:
2、 essais de performance des cumeurs du ptrole Partie 2: Conditions en eau calme ISO 21072-2:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedd
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7、 in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedISO 21072-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Test facility requirements 3 5 Clearance requirements. 3 6 Test parameters 3 6.1 General. 3
8、 6.2 Test oil properties. 4 6.3 Oil slick thickness. 4 6.4 Skimmer operating parameters. 4 6.5 Debris interference . 5 7 Test procedures 5 7.1 Preparations prior to testing . 5 7.2 Actions during testing period 5 7.3 Actions after testing . 6 8 Performance parameters . 7 8.1 Fluid recovery rate 7 8.
9、2 Emulsification factor 7 8.3 Oil recovery rate 7 8.4 Recovery efficiency 8 9 Measurements and reporting 8 9.1 General. 8 9.2 Oil properties. 8 9.3 Environmental parameters 8 9.4 Skimmer operating parameters. 8 9.5 Other test parameters. 9 9.6 Recovery parameters . 9 9.7 Performance parameters (calc
10、ulated parameters) 9 9.8 Equipment specification and test documentation 9 10 Quality control. 9 10.1 Test duration and fluid volume . 9 10.2 Repetitions 10 Bibliography . 11 ISO 21072-2:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worl
11、dwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on
12、that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted i
13、n accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard
14、 requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21072-2 was prepared by
15、Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 2, Marine environment protection. ISO 21072 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers: Part 1: Moving water conditi
16、ons Part 2: Static water conditions Part 3: High viscosity oil ISO 21072-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved v Introduction ISO 21072 (all parts) standardizes the performance testing of oil skimmers used in marine pollution control. Some oil skimmers have previously been performance tested under
17、non-standard conditions and procedures, with declared performance parameters being of limited value to the end user, especially under field conditions. ISO 21072 (all parts) provides for carrying out, and recording results of, full-scale tests for a skimmer under a variety of test conditions, where
18、there is limited or no access to specialist test facilities. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21072-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1 Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection: performance testing of oil skimmers Part 2: Static water conditions 1 Scope This part of ISO 21072 specifi
19、es a methodology for establishing quantitative performance data for oil skimmers under static water conditions, so the end user can objectively judge, compare, and evaluate the design and performance of different skimmers. The methodology applies to testing in a basin and requires control of oil pro
20、perties and oil slick characteristics. The method is applicable to all types of skimmers provided that the equipment dimensions are within the physical limitations of the test basin. The test procedure provides full-scale test results for the unit tested, under controlled conditions, and for one or
21、more classes of oil. Attention is drawn to the care required when applying the test results to predict skimmer performance under field conditions. For dedicated/inbuilt systems, the test procedures outlined in this part of ISO 21072 can only be used for the skimming device as such, not the entire sk
22、imming system. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 16165,
23、Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection Terminology relating to oil spill response 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16165 and the following apply. 3.1 data collection period the period of time within the steady-state
24、period (3.9) when recovered fluid is collected for establishing performance data ISO 21072-1:2009 3.2 debris solid or semi-solid substance that could interfere with the operation of a spill control system ISO 21072-1:2009 ISO 21072-2:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.3 emulsification factor EF
25、 amount of water emulsified into the oil as a result of the skimming/pumping process, not including water originally in the test fluid NOTE It is expressed as a decimal fraction between 0 and 1. ISO 21072-1:2009 3.4 fluid recovery rate FRR total volume of fluid recovered per time NOTE It is expresse
26、d in cubic metres per hour. ISO 21072-1:2009 3.5 recovery efficiency RE ratio of test fluid (oil or emulsion) recovered to the total volume of fluid recovered NOTE It is expressed as a percentage. ISO 21072-1:2009 3.6 oil recovery rate ORR volume of test fluid (oil or emulsion) recovered per unit ti
27、me NOTE It is expressed in cubic metres per hour. ISO 21072-1:2009 3.7 oily phase oil that is water-free or incorporates emulsified or encapsulated water that does not readily separate out ISO 21072-1:2009 3.8 oil skimmer skimmer mechanical device used to remove oil from the water surface ISO 21072-
28、1:2009 3.9 steady-state period period of time during which the test conditions and operating parameters are constant or within acceptable variability ranges ISO 21072-1:2009 ISO 21072-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3 4 Test facility requirements This part of ISO 21072 is applicable to any te
29、st arrangement that allows for the control and monitoring of the test conditions. The test facility shall be designed and equipped to control the following parameters. Oil properties. The facility shall be able to maintain the oil properties for the duration of the test. Oil analytical equipment sha
30、ll be available for measuring oil properties (see 9.2). Air and water temperature. Testing may be carried out at any water temperature, provided that requirements with respect to oil properties are met. The test temperature shall always be well above the pour point of the oil, unless the purpose is
31、to assess the collection of non-flowing/semi-solid oil. The facility shall be able to maintain the water temperature in the test basin at a selected test temperature with maximum variation of 2,0 C. Oil slick thickness. The test facility shall incorporate means of measuring oil slick thickness befor
32、e and after the test, with a proven accuracy of at least 20 %. Measuring tanks. In order to provide for sufficient replicates during the test process, the test facility shall incorporate a sufficient number of calibrated tanks to accurately measure FRR, ORR, and water uptake. The tank volumes shall
33、correspond to the expected recovery rate of the unit to be tested so as to provide data collection periods of sufficient duration and with sufficient measuring accuracy (see 10.1). 5 Clearance requirements Throughout testing, there shall be sufficient clearance between the skimmer and the tank walls
34、 and any containment device, so as not to restrict oil flow to the skimmer or otherwise impede normal operation of the unit. Since the necessary clearance varies with oil viscosity and unit recovery rate, adequate oil in-flow to the skimmer shall be demonstrated in each specific case, through oil fl
35、ow observations or slick thickness measurements. Ensure that the clearance between the tank wall and outer limit of the skimmer is at no point less than 50 % of the greatest width (diameter or equivalent dimension) of the skimmer under test. In considering the depth of water on which the oil layer i
36、s floating, the skimmer or its oil/water interface shall at all times be able to free-float on the water. The clearance between the unit and the tank floor shall be sufficient to not interfere with normal operations of the skimmer. 6 Test parameters 6.1 General Testing shall establish quantitative p
37、erformance data for the unit as a function of the following parameters: test oil properties; oil slick thickness; skimmer operating parameters; debris interference. ISO 21072-2:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved6.2 Test oil properties Perform testing with oils meeting the specifications shown in
38、 Table 1. To minimize problems associated with flow characteristics of the test oils, carry out testing at water temperatures at least 3 C above the pour point of the test oil. Measure oil and emulsion viscosity at two of the three shear rates: 1 s 1 , 10 s 1 , or 100 s 1 . The third shear rate may
39、be determined by interpolation or extrapolation. In this part of ISO 21072, oil is categorized as non-emulsified (fresh) even if it contains up to 20 % volume fraction of water. Such oil may be used for testing as a “water-free” oil provided that the viscosity is within the ranges specified in Table
40、 1. All oils and emulsions may be reused provided that the properties of the test fluids remain within the ranges defined in Table 1. Table 1 Ranges for oil properties and related slick parameters Oil class Target viscosity Target viscosity range Density Slick thickness bExample cP acP kg/l mm 1 10
41、5 to 20 0,85 to 0,9 10 Fresh crude, very light bunker 30 Light bunker 2 200 170 to 230 0,9 to 0,93 50 Light bunker 3 2 000 1 800 to 2 200 0,92 to 0,95 50 Medium bunker 4 20 000 19 000 to 21 000 0,95 to 0,98 50 Heavy bunker 5 20 000 19 000 to 21 000 c0,95 to 0,98 50 Emulsion of medium bunker 6 c50 00
42、0 40 000 to 60 000 c0,96 to 0,99 10 Emulsion of heavy bunker a1 cP = 1 mPa s. bAcceptable variation: 20 %. cAt shear rate 10 s 1 . 6.3 Oil slick thickness For each specific test oil, the initial slick thickness shall be as specified in Table 1. Measure the initial oil slick thickness after sufficien
43、t settling time has been allowed from the deployment of the oil on the water, at three different measuring points throughout the area of the oil slick, and record the results. Reject tests if slick thickness deviates by more than 20 % from the specification in Table 1. Only start the test after the
44、oil has settled to a uniform thickness. 6.4 Skimmer operating parameters There are a number of operating parameters that can affect the skimmer performance, including adhesion surface speed, inclination angles, pump flow rates, skimmer draft, and weir depth. Record the operating parameters for each
45、test result. ISO 21072-2:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 5 6.5 Debris interference Following the test of the skimmer with oil and water only, carry out a debris interference test to assess the skimmers ability to operate in the presence of various forms of debris in the oil slick. This examinat
46、ion is qualitative in nature and is intended to provide the end user with a general indication of the effects of different materials that are often found in oil spill recovery situations. Record the effects of debris on oil intake, essential mechanical elements of the unit (e.g. scrapers, wringers,
47、pumps), and overall processing of the recovered oil. Introduce the materials in Table 2 into the tank and move them towards the skimmer inlet so that they make contact. Observe and report their impacts; then clear the materials from the testing area before the next group is introduced. Table 2 Mater
48、ials to be introduced into the tank Materials Specifications Loose materials Shredded wood bark or wood shavings, bulk volume 5 l (size range: 5 mm to 25 mm, bulk volume 5 l) Soft wood pieces One board, of dimensions 1,0 m 50 mm 100 mm Ten blocks, each of dimensions 10 mm 25 mm 40 mm Plastic contain
49、ers Four 0,5 l soft drink bottles Two 3,0 l plastic tubs Plastic bags Four plastic bags (supermarket type), of approximate dimensions 300 mm 300 mm Two large plastic bags (domestic garbage type), of approximate dimensions 500 mm 1 000 mm Ropes Two lengths, each of 1,0 m, of polypropylene rope with 25 mm minimum diameter Two lengths, each of 1,0 m, of polypropylene rope with 8 mm minimum diameter Four lengths, each of 0,6 m, of polypropylene rope with 75 mm min
