1、 Reference number ISO 28401:2010(E) ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28401 First edition 2010-12-01 Light metals and their alloys Titanium and titanium alloys Classification and terminology Mtaux lgers et leurs alliages Titane et alliages de titane Classification et terminologie ISO 28401:2010(E)
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8、 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedISO 28401:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope1 2 Material.1 3 Specific terms and definitions .2 4 Unwrought pr
9、oducts.2 5 Wrought products .2 6 Castings .5 7 Methods of processing and treatment6 8 Surface condition8 9 Applications.8 10 Abbreviations for titanium melting methods .9 11 Classification of titanium and titanium alloys9 11.1 General.9 11.2 Unalloyed titanium.9 11.3 Titanium alloys.9 12 Titanium gr
10、ades and compounds10 12.1 Commercially pure titanium (CP titanium)10 12.2 Corrosion-resistance-enhanced grades of CP titanium10 12.3 Titanium-base intermetallic compounds.10 Annex A (normative) Dividing line between titanium and titanium alloys11 Annex B (normative) Explanatory notes concerning the
11、definitions of wrought products12 Alphabetical index13 ISO 28401:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is norma
12、lly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in th
13、e work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare
14、International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
15、of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 28401 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 79, Light metals and their alloys, Subcommittee SC 11, Titanium. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2840
16、1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Light metals and their alloys Titanium and titanium alloys Classification and terminology 1 Scope This International Standard gives a classification of titanium and titanium alloys. It also gives terms and definitions in the field of titanium and its alloys. 2
17、 Material 2.1 titanium sponge products of metallic titanium in porous and sponge-like form, which is applied as titanium metal melting stock NOTE The oxidized titanium ore is first chlorinated to tetrachloride and is condensed and purified and then reduced with magnesium or sodium under the inert at
18、mosphere to produce titanium sponge. 2.2 alloy metallic substance consisting of a mixture of the basic metallic element (the element predomination by mass) and other elements, such as alloying elements and impurities 2.3 alloying element metallic or non-metallic elements intentionally added to, or r
19、etained by, basic metal for the purpose of giving that metal certain special properties 2.4 impurity metallic or non-metallic elements present but which are not intentionally added to, or retained by, a metal 2.5 wrought alloy alloy primarily intended for the production of wrought products by hot an
20、d/or cold plastic forming 2.6 casting alloy alloy primarily intended for the production of castings 2.7 master alloy alloy intended only for addition to a melt to adjust composition or to control impurities 2.8 heat-treatable alloy alloy capable of being strengthened by a suitable thermal treatment
21、2.9 non-heat-treatable alloy alloy strengthened by cold working only and incapable of being substantially strengthened by thermal treatment ISO 28401:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3 Specific terms and definitions 3.1 intermediate-strength alloys alloys with improved properties due to a limit
22、ed percentage of alloying elements enhancing mechanical resistance and, from case to case, also corrosion resistance 3.2 high-strength standard alloys alloys with properties similar to the alloy work-horse Ti-6Al-4V (Al 6 %, V 4 %), well defined and used with experience 3.3 special alloy grades high
23、-strength and highly alloyed grades for special use, for example, in military and space equipment 4 Unwrought products 4.1 unwrought product general term for products obtained by melting or casting processes EXAMPLES Ingots for rolling, ingots for extruding, ingots for forging and ingots for remelti
24、ng. 4.2 electrode for remelting formed from titanium sponge and alloying elements or consolidated from recycled and processed scrap, normally to be remelted finally at least once under a vacuum or in argon 4.3 ingot for rolling titanium ingot in a form suitable for rolling, melted by EB, VAR, VASM o
25、r PM methods applied for at least the final cycle under a vacuum or in argon 4.4 ingot for extruding titanium ingot in a form suitable for extrusion of bars, tubes and slaps melted by EB, VAR, VASM or PM methods applied for at least the final cycle under a vacuum or in argon 4.5 ingot for forging ti
26、tanium ingot in a form suitable for forging, melted by EB, VAR, VASM or PM methods applied for at least the final cycle under a vacuum or in argon 4.6 ingot for remelting titanium ingot in a form suitable for remelting after having been processed metallurgically for composition, melted by EB, VAR, V
27、ASM or PM methods applied for at least the final cycle under a vacuum or in argon 5 Wrought products 5.1 wrought product general term for products obtained by hot and/or cold plastic deformation processes, such as extruding, forging, hot rolling, cold rolling or drawing, either solely or in combinat
28、ion ISO 28401:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3EXAMPLES Rod/bar, billets, wire, tube, shape/profile, sheet, plate, strip, foils, die forgings, open die forgings. NOTE For the classification principles of wrought products, see Annex B. 5.2 billets solid wrought product of uniform cross-section t
29、hat is above 10 000 mm 2along its whole length, supplied in straight lengths NOTE The cross-sections are in the shape of circles, ovals, squares, rectangles, equilateral triangles or regular polygons. Products with a square, rectangular, triangular or polygonal cross-section may have corners rounded
30、 along their whole length. 5.3 rod/bar solid wrought product of uniform cross-section that is under 10 000 mm 2along its whole length, supplied in straight lengths NOTE 1 The cross-sections are in the shape of circles, ovals, squares, rectangles, equilateral triangles or regular polygons. Products w
31、ith a square, rectangular, triangular or polygonal cross-section may have corners rounded along their whole length. NOTE 2 For rectangular bars: the thickness exceeds one-third of the width; the term “rectangular bar” includes “flattened circles” and “modified rectangles”, of which two opposite side
32、s are convex arcs, the other two sides being straight, of equal length and parallel. 5.4 wire solid wrought product of uniform cross-section along its whole length, supplied in coiled form NOTE 1 The cross-sections are in the shape of circles, ovals, squares, rectangles, equilateral triangles or reg
33、ular polygons. Products with a square, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal cross-section may have corners rounded along their whole length. NOTE 2 For rectangular wires: the thickness exceeds one-third of the width; the term “rectangular wire” includes “flattened circles” and “modified rectangles”
34、, of which two opposite sides are convex arcs, the other two sides being straight, of equal length and parallel. 5.5 drawing stock intermediate solid wrought product of uniform cross-section along its whole length supplied in coils NOTE The cross-sections are approximately round, triangular or regul
35、ar polygonal with dimensions usually exceeding 5 mm. 5.6 tube hollow wrought product of uniform cross-section with only one enclosed hollow space along its whole length, and with a uniform wall thickness, supplied in straight lengths or in coiled form NOTE 1 The cross-sections are in the shape of ci
36、rcles, ovals, squares, rectangles, equilateral triangles or regular polygons. Hollow products with square, rectangular, equilateral triangular or regular polygonal cross-sections, which may have corners rounded along their whole length, are also to be considered as tubes, provided the inner and oute
37、r peripheries are concentric and have the same form and orientation. NOTE 2 Tubes can also be formed by piercing trespassing and by forming and joining sheet or strip. NOTE 3 Bent, threaded, drilled, waisted, expanded and cone-shaped hollow products in this form, when derived from tubes as defined a
38、bove, are classified as tubes. ISO 28401:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reserved5.7 profile/shape wrought product of uniform cross-section along its whole length, with a cross-section other than rod/bar, wire, tube, sheet, plate or strip, supplied in straight lengths or in coiled form NOTE According
39、to the form of its cross-section, it is called hollow profile or non-hollow profile. a) Hollow profile The cross-section includes: either one enclosed hollow space, provided that the cross-section is for other than a tube, or more than one enclosed hollow space. b) Non-hollow profile The cross-secti
40、on does not include any enclosed hollow space. 5.8 plate flat-rolled product of rectangular cross-section with uniform thickness over 5 mm, supplied in straight lengths (i.e. flat) usually with sheared, sawn or flame-cut/plasma-cut edges or water-jet cutting NOTE The thickness does not exceed one-te
41、nth of the width. 5.9 sheet flat-rolled product of rectangular cross-section with uniform thickness over 0,20 mm and up to and including 5 mm, supplied in straight lengths (i.e. flat) usually with sheared or sawn edges or water jet cutting NOTE The thickness does not exceed one-tenth of the width. 5
42、.10 strip flat-rolled product of rectangular cross-section with uniform thickness over 0,20 mm, supplied in coils usually with slit edges NOTE 1 The thickness does not exceed one-tenth of the width. NOTE 2 Corrugated, embossed (with patterns, for example, grooves, ribs, checkers, tears, buttons, loz
43、enges), coated, edge conditioned and perforated products in this general form when derived from strip as defined above are classified as strip. NOTE 3 In some English-speaking countries, “strip” is called “coiled sheet”. 5.11 foil flat-rolled product of rectangular cross-section with uniform thickne
44、ss equal to or less than 0,20 mm NOTE In some countries, the term “foil” covers two different products: foil: products with lesser thickness; thin strip: products with greater thickness. The dimensional limitations between these two products may vary from country to country. 5.12 forging stock hot-w
45、orked intermediate solid wrought product, for example rod/bar or billets, or any other cross-section, suitable for forging NOTE Forging stock may also be a cast product, for example, ingot for forging (see 4.5). ISO 28401:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 55.13 casting stock cast or hot-worked in
46、termediate solid wrought product, for example, rod/bar or billets, or any other cross- section, suitable for casting 5.14 forging wrought product formed by hammering or pressing, usually when hot, between open dies (hand forging) or closed dies (drop or die forging) 5.15 blank piece of titanium of r
47、egular or irregular shape taken from a flat wrought product intended for subsequent processing, such as bending, stamping or deep drawing 5.16 circle circular blank 6 Castings 6.1 casting general term for products at or near the finished shape, formed by solidification of titanium or titanium alloys
48、 in a mould 6.2 sand/graphite casting rammed graphite moulding casting formed in a sand/graphite mould 6.3 permanent mould casting chill casting casting formed in a metal mould, the molten metal being introduced by gravity or low-pressure feed 6.4 pressure die casting die casting casting formed in a
49、 metal mould, the molten metal being introduced under high pressure 6.5 centrifugal casting casting formed by centrifugal force in a rotating mould, the major axis of the casting coinciding with the axis of rotation, and the thickness of the casting being determined by the dimensions of the mould and quantity of titanium poured NOTE Centrifugal casting is not to be confused with casting under centrifugal pressure. 6.6 investment casting casting method using ceramic shells inert to molten titanium NOTE The wax pattern has
