1、International Standard Norme internationale 7078 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION*MEKAYHAPOHAfl OPAHM3AlWl fl0 CTAHAAPTM3AlMlKUiGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Building construction - Procedures for setting out, measurement and surveying - Vocabulary and guidance notes First
2、 edition - 1985-12-01 Construction immobilike - Pro use of italics indicates a term which is defined elsewhere in this vocabulary, 1 .l measurement : Set of operations having the object of determining the value of a quantity. NOTE - In general, a measurement may include preparation, calcula- tion, a
3、nd presentation of the results of the measurement. I,2 setting out (US : layout) : Establishment of marks and lines to define the position and level of the elements for the construction work so that work may proceed with reference to them. NOTE - This process may be contrasted with the purpose of su
4、rvey- ing, which is to determine by measurement the position of existing features. 1.3 metrology: Field of knowledge concerned with measure- ment. NOTES 1 Metrology includes all aspects, both theoretical and practical, con- cerning measurements, whatever their accuracy, and in whatever fields of sci
5、ence or technology they occur. 2 The term legal metrology is used in those activities involving verification, etc., governed by law or some other legal statute. I,4 geodesy : Science of measurement on or in the vicinity of the ground to determine form, dimensions and the distribu- tion of mass and f
6、ields of gravity on the earth or parts of it. NOTES 1 Sutveylng is the science of measurements necessary to determine the locations of points (features) on or beneath the surface of the earth. 2 Where measurements cover such a large part of the earths surface that the curvature cannot be ignored, th
7、en the operations are termed geodetic surveying or measuring. 1.5 photogrammetry: Technique of measurement using photographs, for example aerial photographs, to determine, primarily, geometrical properties such as size, location and form of objects. NOTE - Photogrammetric measurement is often used f
8、or mapping and also has some engineering applications. 1.6 geometric measurement: Measurement of shape and dimensions, i.e. length, area, volume and angle. NOTE - Geometric measurement covers, in addition to surveying, measurement with other instruments or measuring tools. Termes et definitions 1 Te
9、rmes gheraux NOTE - Les termes Equivalents mis entre parentheses sont B Bviter; les mots en italique sont d6finis ailleurs dans ce vocabulaire. 1.1 mesurage: Ensemble dop c) centring devices; d) thermometers, etc., for the determination of influencing quantities. 1.8 6quipement de mesurage : tquipem
10、ent qui comprend Iinstrument de mesure principal et ses Bquipements auxiliaires n6cessaires pour executer un travail de mesurage donn6. NOTE - Des exemples dbquipement de mesurage sont : al Modolite et t b) appareil de mesure de distances 8 train dondes, trbpied, rt+flecteur et accumulateurs: c) acc
11、essoires de centrage; d) thermomhtres, etc. pour la determination des facteurs dinfluence. 1.9 ancillary equipment: Equipment additional to the actual measuring equipment used when carrying out measure- men ts. 1.9 accessoire de mesurage: tquipement sajoutant A Iequipement de mesurage proprement dit
12、 utilis6 pour Iex&u- tion de mesurages. NOTE - Examples of such ancillary equipmenf are pegs, sighting targets and chalk marking lines. NOTE - Des exemples de tels accessoires de mesurage sont les piquets, les mires et les traits de rep&e B la craie. 1 .I0 testing of measuring instruments: Procedur
13、es designed to determine whether a measuring instrument satis- fies requirements in respect of one or more specified properties under specified conditions. 1.10 vhification des instruments de mesure: Pro&d& Btablis pour determiner si un instrument de mesure satisfait aux exigences correspondant B un
14、e ou plusieurs propri& spbci- fi6es dans des conditions definies. 1.11 calibration : In land surveying and building construc- tion measurement, a set of operations carried out to determine the values of relevant parameters of a measuring instrument. 1.11 Btalonnage: En topom&rie et dans les mesurage
15、s ayant trait $I la construction immobili&re, ensemble dop6rations effect&es pour determiner la valeur de parambtres specifiques dun instrument de mesure. NOTE - Examples of such parameters are additive constants and scale factors within a measuring instrument or measuring tool. NOTE - Des exemples
16、de tels paramhtres sont les constantes additi- ves et les facteurs dBchelles dun instruinent de mesure. 1 .I2 gauging : Operation of fixing the positions of the gauge marks or scale marks of a measuring instrument (in some cases of certain principal marks only), in relation to the corresponding valu
17、es of the measured quantity. 1 .I2 calibrage: Positionnement materiel des rep&es Mven- tuellement de certains rep&es principaux seulement) dun ins- trument de mesure en fonction des valeurs correspondantes de la grandeur mesur6e. 1 .I3 calibration temperature: Temperature specified for the calibrati
18、on and gauging of a measuring instrument. 1.13 temperature detalonnage : Temperature sp6cifi6e pour 16talonnage et le calibrage dun instrument de mesure. NOTE - In some countries, the concept normal temperature is used. This is the temperature for which the length of a length- measuring device has i
19、ts nominal value. The normal temperature, which varies from one device to another, is calculated according to certain formulae in which the calibration temperature has been taken into account. NOTE - Dans certains pays, on utilise le concept de tempbrafure normale. Cest la fempbrature pour laquelle la longueur dun appareil de mesure de longueur est B sa valeur nominale. La temperature nor- male, qui varie dun appareil A un autre, est calcuMe suivant certaines formules qui tiennent compte de la temperature detalonnage. 3
