1、Information technology Learning, education and training Virtual experiment framework Technologies de linformation Apprentissage, ducation et formation Cadre dexprience virtuel TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 18121 First edition 2015-12-15 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 18121:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 ii ISO/IEC
2、 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
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4、22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC TR 18121:2015(E) ISO/IEC TR 18121:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2 5 Framework . 3 5.1 General . 3 5.1.1 Overview of virtual experiment framework 3 5.1.2
5、Core feature of virtual experiment framework . 4 5.1.3 Basic specifications 4 5.1.4 Relationship . 4 5.2 Basic framework standards . 5 5.3 Application service standards . 6 5.4 Data processing standards 6 5.5 Management and evaluation standards 7 5.6 Relationship among specifications 7 5.7 Considera
6、tions for virtual experiment systems . 8 Annex A (informative) Major parts of virtual experiment framework . 9 Annex B (informative) Application examples of the virtual experiment framework .10 Annex C (informative) Abstract actors for virtual experiment framework 16 Bibliography .18 ISO/IEC 2015 Al
7、l rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/IEC TR 18121:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate
8、 in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and
9、non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the
10、 ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibilit
11、y that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list
12、 of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well
13、 as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1 Information technology, Subcommittee SC 36, Information technology for learning
14、, education and training.iv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved ISO/IEC TR 18121:2015(E) Introduction New and emerging technologies are allowing learners to test and develop new knowledge for the creation of virtual experiments. By employing a collection of different technologies, virtual experiments a
15、re widely used within K-12 and higher education institutions (e.g. scientific laboratory experiments, technical training in medicine and biomedicine) and also within corporate training (e.g. flight simulators, manufacturing process control). Virtual experiments allow access to a wide range of differ
16、ent experiments, decrease the timeframe to complete experiments, eliminate hazardous situations, and reduce the costs of materials. To facilitate the development of virtual experiment technology and specification integration, this Technical Report defines a virtual experiment framework that indicate
17、s how various standards and specifications can be combined to support the design, implementation, analysis and evaluation of virtual experiment systems. This Technical Report denotes the components and categories of related standards and specifications that can be used to support virtual experiment
18、systems and learners. It illustrates how the components and categories can be structured to support implementations to improve reusability, reduce costs, and broaden applicability. It defines the framework of related virtual experiment standards and determines the mutual relations between different
19、standards for designing, analysing and comparing different virtual experiment systems in order to promote the design and application of the virtual experimental components and systems. The framework of virtual experiment standards also helps to illustrate the categories of related virtual experiment
20、 systems and their relations in order to guide the development of other standard-setting work and normatively describe virtual experiment system. Virtual experiments are typically accessed from an IT system, such as a learning management system (LMS), which provides the environment for learning. In
21、addition to tools specifically tailored for learning, IT systems (such as LMSs) can also provide access to external tools. In a common scenario, an identity federation mechanism will automatically log into the external service but it is up to the learner whether to provide data inputs to the externa
22、l tool. At the end of the activity, a score is returned to the IT system (e.g. LMS). This type of approach can be used to support activities, such as those involved in the scientific experimental approach, where there are requirements to repeat an experiment with a variety of parameters in order to
23、assess their individual role in a process. There is a need to bridge the switch from the IT system (e.g. LMS) to an external virtual experiment tool, providing data inputs and recording outputs for further analysis. This Technical Report can be used to support these types of activities. In addition,
24、 this Technical Report provides specific considerations for the development of ITLET supportive technology and specification integration. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved v Information technology Learning, education and training Virtual experiment framework 1 Scope This Technical Report defines the
25、framework for IT standards and specifications on virtual experiments supporting IT-enhanced learning, education and training. It is based on implementations of standards and specifications that are used to support virtual experiment, development, evaluation and management that rely on ITLET. This Te
26、chnical Report provides a framework that can be used for virtual experiment systems that rely on ITLET, determines the categories of different virtual experiment standards and specifications and their relationships to facilitate their integration, promotes the appropriate design and application of v
27、irtual experiment components so that IT systems that are being used are reusable, low cost, and more broadly applicable, indicates considerations to be taken into account when developing ITLET systems that are being developed or used to support virtual experiment systems, provides sample architectur
28、e of a virtual experiment system framework that can be used to support further development of virtual experiments, illustrates various roles that different actors can have at various points within the virtual experiment system, demonstrates how standards and specifications that support virtual exper
29、iments can be combined to form the basis for future work and implementations. The following aspects are not addressed in this Technical Report: specifications of the implementation details of virtual experiment systems; accessibility; privacy; security. 2 Conformance It is noted that it is possible
30、for a virtual experimental instruction system to support more than one standard or specification by utilizing different combinations that include base standards, specifications, etc. The standards or specifications coordinate with circumstances or the virtual experiment instruction system that is co
31、nfigured separately to support specific standard or specification combinations. This Technical Report provides the framework and objective to assist in the development of virtual experiments for information technology supporting learning, education, and training. This Technical Report also provides
32、a proposed architecture of a system framework that is used to support the further development of virtual experiments. This Technical Report provides specific considerations for the development of ITLET supportive technology and for the integration of IT standards and specifications. TECHNICAL REPORT
33、 ISO/IEC TR 18121:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 1 ISO/IEC TR 18121:2015(E) 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 component cartridge assembly of all the junior units based on specific rules to form a bigger component c
34、ell 3.2 remote access laboratory laboratory in the physical world which can be accessed remotely Note 1 to entry: Access to simulated equipment and virtual laboratories are excluded. Note 2 to entry: A remote access laboratory enables learners to perform experiments at their own pace, time and locat
35、ion and allows teaching staff and learners to access laboratory facilities beyond their institutions. 3.3 virtual experiment experiment based on multimedia, simulation and virtual reality (3.6), etc. which can assist or replace the operating segments of traditional, face-to-face experiments 3.4 virt
36、ual experiment component smallest unit in a virtual experiment (3.3) which is composed of controllable and operable virtual experiment objects that may be reused 3.5 virtual laboratory open networked instructional system based on web and virtual reality (3.6) technologies, which consists of virtual
37、benches 3.6 virtual reality artificial environment presented in the computer 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms CP Content Packaging CC Common Cartridge LOM Learning Object Metadata LIS Learning Information System LMS Learning Management System MLR Metadata for Learning Resources QTI Question and Test
38、Interoperability SCORM Sharable Course Object Reference Model SOA Service-Oriented Architecture XML Extensible Markup Language2 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved ISO/IEC TR 18121:2015(E) 5 Framework 5.1 General The framework for IT standards and specifications on virtual experiments supports IT-enhan
39、ced learning, education and training. For assistance with the development of profiles, the related standards and specifications for virtual experiment instruction is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Related standards of a virtual experiment instruction system The virtual experiment standard system establ
40、ishes the whole virtual experiment standards framework system and identifies the various links to standards of the virtual experiment instruction. The virtual experiment standards system also defines the relationship of standards and specifications and combines them with each other properly. 5.1.1 O
41、verview of virtual experiment framework The virtual experiment framework standard consists of the following four major parts. Basic framework standards and specifications Basic framework standards focus on various compatible specifications of the virtual experiment platform and tools. They are the b
42、asis of the whole virtual experiment standard system. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 3 ISO/IEC TR 18121:2015(E) Application service standards and specifications Application service standards focus on the normative description of service interface provided by virtual experiment teaching systems whi
43、ch can help to improve the management of services. Data processing standards and specifications Data processing standards are the hard core of the whole virtual experiment standard system, providing data elements of virtual experiment component metadata and a conceptual data mode, which are used to
44、define an instance of metadata structure. Management and evaluation standards and specifications Management and evaluation standards concentrate on how to control and manage the virtual experiment procedures in a standardized way for the purpose of helping learner complete the experiment in the expe
45、rimental processes. 5.1.2 Core feature of virtual experiment framework The virtual experiment framework mainly illustrates the categories of related virtual experiment standards and describes the relations among the standards in order to promote the virtual experiment resources-sharing and interoper
46、ability of virtual experiment systems. 5.1.3 Basic specifications The virtual experiment framework is established on some related specification such as CP, CC, SCORM, etc. All the specifications are described in detail in their own documents. 5.1.4 Relationship The examples below provide the standar
47、d structure of a typical virtual experiment instruction system which normatively describes the standardized environment of the virtual experiment instruction system. As shown in Figure 1, this virtual experiment instruction system conforms to some related virtual experiment standards which are divid
48、ed into four categories: basic framework standards, application service standards, data processing standards, and management and evaluation standards. The specific explanations of virtual experiment instruction system are provided below. Basic framework standards and specifications The virtual exper
49、iment instruction system may conform to the virtual experiment terminology specification to regulate the definition of key terms and the explanation of symbols which are used in the system. The system unify the terms in the development process and help users to translate and use the standard correctly; meanwhile, it may also be beneficial to manage the virtual experiments system. Basic framework standards are in reference to framework standards (ISO/IEC/TR 24725-1:2011),
