1、 ISO 2017 Human response to vibration Guidance and terminology for instrumentation and equipment for the assessment of daily vibration exposure at the workplace according to the requirements of health and safety Rponse des individus aux vibrations Lignes directrices et terminologie pour linstrumenta
2、tion et lquipement dvaluation de lexposition journalire aux vibrations sur le lieu de travail selon les exigences de sant et de scurit TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 19664 Reference number ISO/TR 19664:2017(E) First edition 2017-05 ISO/TR 19664:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOC
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5、4:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Explanation of concepts used for the measurement process 2 5 Explanation of concepts used for instrumentation types 3 5.1 General . 3 5.2 Vibration magnitude evaluation 3 5.3 Exposure time evaluat
6、ion 4 5.3.1 Machine timer 4 5.3.2 Exposure timer 4 5.4 Exposure calculation based on external data . 4 5.4.1 Vibration exposure calculator 4 5.4.2 Vibration meter with exposure calculation 4 5.4.3 Exposure timer with exposure calculation . 5 5.5 Exposure evaluation by measurement . 5 5.5.1 Personal
7、vibration exposure meter (PVEM) 5 5.5.2 Vibration exposure meter (VEM) 5 6 Explanation of concepts used for the vibration magnitude source .5 6.1 General . 5 6.2 Manufacturer emission value . 5 6.3 Manufacturer supplementary values . 5 6.4 Comparable machine values . 6 6.5 Machine-specific vibration
8、 database values 6 6.6 Type-specific vibration database values . 6 Annex A (informative) Examples of equipment for the evaluation of daily vibration exposure 7 Bibliography .10 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/TR 19664:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standa
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15、g/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TR 19664:2017(E) Introduction Several kinds of device can be used to measure or estimate the vibration magnitude and exposure
16、 duration needed for the assessment of daily vibration exposure at the workplace. Measuring instrumentation conforming to the requirements of ISO 8041-1 allows the user to perform good quality repeatable measurements. Measurements using a general-purpose vibration meter are typically undertaken when
17、 equipment (like a hand-held machine or a fork-lift truck) is in operation allowing attended, direct readings to be taken providing information regarding possible errors and transient acceleration artefacts. Unattended measurements can be taken using a personal vibration exposure meter, logging read
18、ings taken, for example, over a full working day to provide information regarding work patterns including transient acceleration artefacts. Using such instrumentation, the result is always a vibration value or a vibration dose based on vibration readings as taken by the instrumentation. In addition,
19、 there exists auxiliary equipment which can support risk assessment. Such equipment might measure the duration of exposure or estimate the instantaneous vibration dose, using, for example, the information given by the manufacturer on the vibration emission of the machinery used, and might give infor
20、mation when vibration limits are approached or exceeded. Even though such auxiliary equipment does not constitute measuring instrumentation conforming to ISO 8041-1, it is currently used and can be advantageous for keeping occupational vibration limits and for systematic health and safety monitoring
21、. When using such equipment, usually vibration is not really measured. However, the differences between the instrumentation and equipment features lead to results of varying reliability. By giving guidance and explaining terminology, this document provides clarity regarding the limitations that can
22、be expected when using different instrumentation and equipment for the assessment of daily vibration exposure at the workplace. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v Human response to vibration Guidance and terminology for instrumentation and equipment for the assessment of daily vibration exposure at the
23、workplace according to the requirements of health and safety 1 Scope The assessment of human exposure to vibration, to both the hand-arm system and the whole body, at the workplace relies on the combined evaluation of both vibration magnitudes and exposure times. Determining these values can employ
24、various instrumentation types and data sources. This document provides guidance and explanation of concepts used for the following: measurement processes; instrumentation types; vibration magnitude source. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that
25、some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring Vocab
26、ulary ISO 2631-1, Mechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration Part 1: General requirements ISO 5349-1, Mechanical vibration Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration Part 1: General requirements ISO 8041-1, Human response to vi
27、bration Measuring instrumentation Part 1: General-purpose vibration meters 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041, ISO 2631-1, ISO 5349-1 and ISO 8041-1 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use i
28、n standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 3.1 assessmentprocess of determining whether a worker (machine user) is at risk from exposure to vibration TECHNICA
29、L REPORT ISO/TR 19664:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TR 19664:2017(E) 3.2 evaluationprocess of determining a value of vibration exposure Note 1 to entry: This process is often specified in standards. 3.3 estimationprocess of evaluating a workers (machine users) exposure where estimates a
30、nd assumptions are made about vibration magnitudes and exposure durations 4 Explanation of concepts used for the measurement process The measurement of human exposure to vibration requires evaluation of vibration magnitudes (weighted acceleration values) and vibration exposure times. The daily vibra
31、tion exposure A(8) is defined as: (1) wherea w is the relevant weighted acceleration value as a function of time (for hand-arm vibration, a wis as defined in ISO 5349-1; for whole-body vibration, a wis as defined in ISO 2631-1 or ISO 2631-2);t is the time;T is the total daily duration of exposure to
32、 vibration;T 0 is the reference exposure duration of 8 h (28 800 s). For most practical measurements, the value of A(8) is determined as a series of distinct evaluations, e.g. for different hand-held machines, different operating conditions, different vehicles. A(8) is then determined as: (2) wherea
33、 wi is the relevant weighted r.m.s. acceleration value for operation i (for hand-arm vibration, a wiis as defined in ISO 5349-1, for whole-body vibration, a wiis as defined in ISO 2631-1 or ISO 2631-2);N is the number of operations, i;T i is the daily duration of exposure to vibration, a wi ;T 0 is
34、the reference exposure duration of 8 h (28 800 s). It should be ensured that the exposure time represents the period over which the measurement is made, for example, a measurement that includes breaks in operation represents a longer period of working time than one which only measures during machine
35、 operation (see ISO 5349-2 or EN 14253). NOTE Additional quantities are possible, e.g. for whole-body vibration, the vibration dose value (root-mean- quad; see ISO 2631-1) is as follows:2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TR 19664:2017(E) For most evaluations of daily vibration exposure, A(8), there
36、are three steps consisting of evaluating the weighted vibration magnitude, a w , evaluating the exposure time, T, and finally calculating the daily vibration exposure. It is also possible (although less common) that A(8) is obtained directly, in one step. The following concepts a) to d) are used to
37、describe these four basic processes. a) Magnitude evaluation Magnitude evaluation is the process to determine a value for the weighted acceleration magnitude(s), a wi . b) Exposure duration evaluation Exposure duration evaluation is the process to determine a value for the operators exposure time(s)
38、, T i . NOTE The terms “duration” and “time” often have the same meaning. The daily exposure duration for each relevant machine or process can be determined. This should generally be done directly by observing the work since workers tend to report a wrong estimation of their exposure durations. c) E
39、xposure calculation Exposure calculation is the process to combine weighted acceleration value(s) and exposure time(s) to calculate the daily vibration exposure, A(8), using Formula (2). d) Exposure evaluation Exposure evaluation is the process to determine the daily vibration exposure value, A(8),
40、directly, using Formula (1). NOTE The calculation can be based on measured or estimated values. Some indication of the associated uncertainty can be found in CEN/TR 1030-2. 5 Explanation of concepts used for instrumentation types 5.1 General Instruments can provide all or part of the information req
41、uired to evaluate the daily vibration exposure, providing one or more of the following functions: vibration magnitude evaluation; exposure time evaluation; exposure calculation based on external data; exposure evaluation by measurements. 5.2 Vibration magnitude evaluation A human vibration meter is
42、an instrument that conforms to ISO 8041-1 for measurement of the vibration magnitude. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3 ISO/TR 19664:2017(E) 5.3 Exposure time evaluation 5.3.1 Machine timer A machine timer uses some characteristics of the machine being operated to provide an indication of the vibration
43、 exposure time of the operator. Characteristics currently used are the following. Power usage. In-line power usage detectors to monitor when and for how long a machine is operated. Systems are applied to both electrical and pneumatic machines. Vibration. The vibration signal of a transducer fitted t
44、o the machine is monitored to measure when and for how long a machine is operated. Other parameters (e.g. noise). The noise level close to the machine is used to measure when and for how long a machine is operated. In all cases it is assumed that the machine operating time is equivalent to the opera
45、tor exposure time. NOTE Where operators dont keep two hands on the machine at all times, these devices can, for example, overestimate the real exposure time. 5.3.2 Exposure timer An exposure timer uses sensors attached to, or observing, the machine operator to determine when (s) he is in contact wit
46、h the machine. The sensors can determine vibration exposure times by the following. Coupling force. Force at the interface between the operator and the machine is monitored. When the coupling force exceeds a threshold value, it is assumed that there is contact with the machine. Vibration. The vibrat
47、ion signal of a transducer fitted to the operator is monitored to measure when and for how long (s)he is operating a vibrating machine. Other parameters (e.g. optical). Video recordings are used to evaluate exposure time (e.g. frame-by-frame analysis). In many cases, exposure timers rely on combinat
48、ions of sensors to determine exposure times, of vibration transducers on the machine to determine when it is operating and of sensors on the operator to determine when there is contact with the machine. In some cases, communication between these systems provides a facility for identifying which mach
49、ine is being operated. 5.4 Exposure calculation based on external data 5.4.1 Vibration exposure calculator A vibration exposure calculator is a device or system for calculating the daily vibration exposure based on user-entered values for vibration magnitude and exposure time. Such systems have no measurement capability and can be computer-based systems. 5.4.2 Vibration meter with exposure ca
