1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 80 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad
3、companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were th
4、ousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines. The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two weste
5、rn railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project b
6、egan four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory
7、in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement. The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build
8、up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.（分数：10.00）(1).The major problems with Americas railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in_.（分数：2.00）A.poor quality
9、 rails and unreliable stopping systemsB.lack of financial support for developmentC.limited railroad linesD.lack of a transcontinental railroad(2).The building of the first transcontinental system_.（分数：2.00）A.brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the westB.attracted many visitors to
10、 the construction sitesC.attracted laborers from EuropeD.encouraged people to travel all over the country(3).The best title for this passage would be_.（分数：2.00）A.Settlements Spread WestwardB.The Coast-to-Coast Railroad; A Vital LinkC.American Railroad HistoryD.The Importance of Railroads in the Amer
11、ican Economy(4).The construction of the transcontinental railroad took _.（分数：2.00）A.9 yearsB.7 yearsC.4 yearsD.3 years(5).What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?（分数：2.00）A.The possibility of government support for such a task.B.The need to explore Utah.C.The need to con
12、nect the east coast with the west.D.The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. To be in company, even with the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating, and I never found a companion so companionable as solitude. We are for the
13、most part more lonely when we go abroad than when we stay in our chambers, for solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows. The farmer, who can work alone all day without feeling lonesome, but must recreate with others at night, wonders how the student
14、 can sit alone at night; he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is actually at work in his field and chopping his wood as the farmer was in his. Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other; we meet at
15、 meals three times a day and give each other a new taste of that musty old cheese that we are; we live thick and are in each others way, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another. We have had to agree on a certain set of roles, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent
16、meeting tolerable. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications between men. It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live, for as the value of a man is not in his skin, we need not touch him.（分数：10.00）(1).A man can be lon
17、ely in a crowd because_.（分数：2.00）A.loneliness doesnt mean being aloneB.man always wants to workC.solitude involves space that intervene between a man and his fellowsD.loneliness comes from lack of hearty communication(2).The author uses the example of the farmer and the student to show that_.（分数：2.0
18、0）A.men need recreation after their workB.men are not lonely when they are workingC.solitude is necessary, for a studentD.people have different conceptions of solitude(3).When the author says; “Society is commonly too cheap“ , he means that_.（分数：2.00）A.we meet not frequently enoughB.we eat cheap foo
19、d and live a simple lifeC.our lives are so regularD.people do not have enough hearty communication to realize the value in other people(4).The authors opinion on the value of a man is that_.（分数：2.00）A.it is underestimated by the rules of etiquette and politenessB.it can be discovered through frequen
20、t physical contactsC.it can be found in a mans appearanceD.it doesnt lie in physical contact(5).Which of the following is not the authors idea?（分数：2.00）A.The idea of solitude is embodied differently in a student and a farmer.B.The routine life underlies mans loneliness.C.Etiquette and politeness are
21、 rules that make frequent meetings tolerable.D.Less frequent meetings can make us more aware of the value of men.A recent study described coal as a “bridge to the future“. As the most plentiful fossil (化石) fuel in the world, coal has the possibility for filling a growing portion of the demand for en
22、ergy. But problems cause some trouble to this promising old fuel. Coal is found around the globe, but three countriesthe United States, the Soviet Union and China own nearly two thirds of all known coal reserves. At present rates of using coal these reserves would last the world more than 200 years,
23、 according to the estimates carefully made. Furthermore, scientists think the world probably has 15 times this much coal. While the United States has the largest sharemore than a quarter of the 786 billion tons of known world coal reserves, both the Soviet Union and China produce almost as much coal
24、 as the U. S. does. In addition to the category of known reserves, the U. S. Geological Survey (地质调查所) has calculated that the United States has an estimated 1. 7 trillion (万亿) tons of coal at depths of less than 3,000 feet. Unfortunately, much of this coal is not easy to get with present technology
25、 or at present prices. To produce and use much more coal than we do today, a number of problems will have to be solved: capital at high interest rates, manpower, and transportation, including insufficient rail facilities. Environmental concerns include the proper development of mine sites, possible
26、changes in global climate caused by increased carbon dioxide from burning coal, and the objects that are sent out from coal stacks (烟囱) that wear out buildings, poison lakes, and damage human lungs.（分数：10.00）(1).One of the advantages of coal is that_.（分数：2.00）A.it can improve global climateB.there i
27、s a lot of itC.it is always easy to digD.it doesnt pollute(2).Which problem is Not mentioned in the article?（分数：2.00）A.Difficulties in digging the coal.B.Pollution of the environment.C.What happens when the coal is used up.D.Insufficient rail facilities.(3).Which country has the largest share of kno
28、wn world coal reserves?（分数：2.00）A.China.B.The United States.C.The former Soviet Union.D.The article doesnt tell us.(4).How much coal does the United States have in known coal reserves?（分数：2.00）A.786 billion tons.B.1.7 billion tons.C.Nearly 200 billion tons.D.3 ,000 billion tons.(5).According to the
29、passage, which of the following statement is true?（分数：2.00）A.The U. S. has about 1.7 trillion tons of coal at depths of more than 3 ,000 feet.B.Scientists think that all coal reserves have been found out.C.All coal is easy to get because we have modern technology.D.The U. S. and China produce almost
30、 equal amounts of coal.The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the past 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The sour
31、ce of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines
32、ban (禁止) such devices from being used during “critical“ stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit pas
33、sengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiat
34、ion which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to
35、 interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musics too loud.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.a new regulation f
36、or all airlinesB.the defects of electronic devicesC.a possible cause of aircraft crashesD.effective safety measures for air flight(2).What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?（分数：2.00）A.They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.B.They may have taken
37、place during take-off and landing.C.They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computers.D.They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.(3).Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because_.（分数：2.00）A.they don
38、t believe there is such a danger as radio interferenceB.the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be provedC.most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette playersD.they have other effective safety measures to fall back on(4).Why is it difficult to
39、 predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplanes computers?（分数：2.00）A.Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.B.Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.C.Because research scientists have not been able to
40、produce the same effects in labs.D.Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the author_.（分数：2.00）A.is in favor of prohibiting passengers use of electronic devices completelyB.has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interferenceC
41、.hasnt formed his own opinion on this problemD.regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flightWhen a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any othe
42、r records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In genera
43、l, the “higher up“ the consumer takes his or her complaint , the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, assuming he or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place
44、 of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by p
45、resenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right is unclear“ is better than “This stereo (立体声音响) does not work. “ The store manager may advise the consumer to write
46、to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a privat
47、e or public organization responsible for protecting consumers rights.（分数：10.00）(1).When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to_.（分数：2.00）A.complain personally to the managerB.threaten to take the matter to courtC.write a firm letter of complaint to t
48、he store of purchaseD.show some written proof of the purchase to the store(2).If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, its better to complain to_.（分数：2.00）A.a shop assistantB.the store managerC.the manufacturerD.a public organization(3).The most effective complaint can be made by_.（分数：
49、2.00）A.showing the faulty item to the manufacturerB.explaining exactly what is wrong with the itemC.saying firmly that the item is of poor qualityD.asking politely to change the item(4).The phrase “live up to“ (Para. 1) in the context means_.（分数：2.00）A.meet the standard ofB.realize the purpose ofC.fulfill the demands ofD.keep the promise of(5).The passage tells us_
