1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 85 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_Many mammals live through the winter by hibernating (冬眠). There is a nice problem of definition here. Most experts now agree that a mammal can be said to hibernate only if body temperature drops greatly and its whole
3、metabolism including respiration and heart rateis much reduced. This is the case with animals like the woodchucks, hamsters, and hedgehogs, which hibernate in their burrows , and bats, which gather in caves. Bears, however, are not classed as hibernators. They pass most of the winter sleeping, but t
4、heir body temperature drops only a few degrees, and they can become active without going through a slow process of warming up. Bears, relying on fat reserves to keep them going, even produce their young during this period. Mammals are warm-blooded, that is, they have a means of keeping the temperatu
5、re of their bodies quite constant despite the normal temperature changes of the outside world. Cold-blooded animals, fish, reptiles, insects, amphibians, also have a certain amount of control over their body temperature. They can warm up, if they are too cold, by sunning themselves, or cool off by g
6、etting into the shade. But it is hard for cold-blooded animals to keep warm in the winter. For any animal to be active, its body temperature must be above freezing. This is because the chemistry of life depends on water in a liquid state. If the body actually freezes, the whole system is disrupted a
7、nd the animal dies. So cold-blooded animals in the north must either find some place to spend the winter where temperatures do not reach the freezing points, or develop a special resting stage in which the water content of the protoplasm (原生质) is much reduced. This will make its freezing point much
8、lower than usual. Thus animals about to hibernate often dig down into the soil.（分数：10.00）(1).Most experts agree that true hibernation involves_.（分数：2.00）A.sleeping through the winterB.reduced heart rate and temperatureC.decrease in water content of the bodyD.spending the winter in burrows or caves(2
9、).Bears can pass most of the winter sleeping because they_.（分数：2.00）A.are hibernatorsB.have a low body temperatureC.have a sufficient reserve of fatD.have a slow process of warming up(3).Cold-blooded animals are so called because they_.（分数：2.00）A.can not keep their body temperature constantB.can not
10、 warm up their body temperature in the winterC.can cool themselves off by getting into a shadeD.are not active in the winter(4).It is implied that the body temperature of a cold-blooded animal_.（分数：2.00）A.is lower than that of a warm-blooded animalB.is always very coldC.stays at a fairly constant le
11、velD.changes in response to air temperature(5).The reduction of the water content of an animals body protoplasm will enable the animal _.（分数：2.00）A.to reduce its body temperatureB.to survive the freezing temperature in the winterC.to dig down deep into the soilD.to stay completely motionlessReal pol
12、icemen, both in Britain and in the United States, hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see about themselves on TV. The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions ar
13、e crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal. As soon as he is arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in v
14、ery serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks wherefailure to produce results will affect the reputation of the policelittle effort is spent on searching. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work
15、. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of evidence. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of people who act guilty of crimes. A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is
16、 the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures; first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality; secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of t
17、he time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.（分数：10.00）(1).It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law so that he can_.（分数：2.00）A.arrest criminals in the streetB.justify his arrests in courtC.know as much law as a professional lawyerD.justify himself on TV(2).Only whe
18、n very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks occur, will the police_.（分数：2.00）A.show up their elaborate machineryB.fail to produce resultsC.spend a lot of effort in finding the criminalsD.pay attention to their reputation(3).“Most wanted men“ in the third paragraph refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.t
19、he most dangerous criminalsB.most of the witnesses wantedC.the majority of those the police are searching forD.the men the police are most interested in arresting(4).The real detective lives in an unpleasant moral twilight because he_.（分数：2.00）A.is an expensive public servantB.often feels rather dep
20、ressedC.is obliged to break the law in order to preserve itD.must always behave with absolute legality(5).Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?（分数：2.00）A.In real life, finding criminals is one of the policemens greatest problems.B.The detectives work is over once the a
21、rrest has been done.C.The policeman spends a great deal of time finding evidence to support his arrests.D.The policeman devotes most of his working life to searching for criminals.A number of recent studies suggest that children are experiencing a high degree of anxiety over the prospect of nuclear
22、war. I am sure there are children who are deeply concerned, even terrified, by the perceived threat of nuclear destruction, but I wonder whether this is not caused in part by the way they are exposed to this subject. If we are going to do research, I think some of it should extend to the emotional h
23、ealth of parents who bring their children up with these fears. Some of the most ardent disarmament proponents seem to be sorely lacking in common sense when it comes to child-rearing: The young ages of some of these frightened children indicate that they are receiving their nuclear-war information d
24、irectly from their parents long before they are able to read books, magazines or newspapers on the subject, or even before they would voluntarily choose to view televised reports and programs on the subject. No one can be comfortable expecting the prospect of nuclear war. It is a global problem that
25、 does exist, must be acknowledged and should be addressed by individuals and their governments. But life cannot stop in the meantime; children must have their childhood if they are to grow into emotionally healthy adults. Can they really do so if they are preoccupied with death; if in response to co
26、ncerns thrust upon them by their misguided parents, they place the fear of nuclear war before every other concern in their lives?（分数：10.00）(1).Why does the author say that some of the most ardent disarmament proponents “seem to be lacking in common sense when it comes to child-rearing“ ?（分数：2.00）A.B
27、ecause it is harmful to the emotional growth of the young children to tell them so many terrifying scenes.B.Because they probably have no children of their own.C.Because they are not aware that their efforts will prove useless.D.Because they often differ in opinions as to how they should raise their
28、 children.(2).Which of the following is the source from which pre-school children learn about nuclear war?（分数：2.00）A.Newspapers and magazines.B.Books.C.TV reports and programs.D.Their parents.(3).The author implies that so much exposure to the threat of nuclear war will cause the children _.（分数：2.00
29、）A.to be mentally unhealthyB.to commit suicide during their childhoodC.to distrust their parentsD.to fear everything(4).The last sentence of this passage implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.children in the United States have misguided their parentsB.children in the United States thrust upon their parents great
30、 concern over their futureC.children deeply concerned about death can not grow into emotionally healthy adultsD.children should be taught to place the fear of nuclear war before every other concern(5).The best title of the passage would be_.（分数：2.00）A.Save Our Children in a Proper WayB.Is Nuclear Wa
31、r So Terrible?C.Why Terrify Our Children?D.The Prospect of Nuclear WarThe outside world begins creeping into the school when the children reach the age of 13 and older, the age when they begin to make subject choices and when, according to a careers officer, they know if theyre a scientific lot or m
32、ore inclined to the arts. The difficult part is bringing the outside world to life with all its opportunities and realities. Schools are handicapped because they are staffed by people who only know about schools. Careers services are heavily influenced by what is readily available in the area, which
33、 may be sausage-making(香肠制造) in Wiltshire of ship-building in Clydeside. Somewhere out in the world there are snail (蜗牛) geneticists (遗传学家) and landscape gardeners and girls who polish Elizabeth Taylors diamonds, but the careers officer knows little of them. What he knows about is engineering and ha
34、irdressing and opportunities in the Army. It is not surprising that this constant friction between grand aspirations (抱负) and uninspired reality produces cynicism (玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗) in both parties. Wherever they work, sixteen and seventeen-year-olds can find themselves used as cheap labor, picking things
35、up off floors, fetching and carrying. Some are paid a reasonable wage but it is quite possible to be paid only pocket-money. Thats in the living-in jobs like hotel work. There is a small breakthrough of girls into traditionally male preserves like agriculture, but that may be because very few boys n
36、ow would put up with the low wages. Most girls, despite womens liberation, head straight for hairdressing, nursing or office work and dream of being swept off their feet by the boss.（分数：10.00）(1).In what sense does the author say the outside world begins “creeping into schools“ when children first m
37、ake subject choices?（分数：2.00）A.Children begin to become interested in careers possibly open to them.B.Children know what they are good at science or arts.C.Children start to make constant contact with careers officers.D.Children start to be concerned with what occupations they will be able to obtain
38、.(2).The result of the present staffing arrangements in schools is_.（分数：2.00）A.teachers can concentrate on teachingB.schools can offer little help in finding career opportunitiesC.students are well prepared for whatever jobs they will getD.students leave school unqualified(3).According to the passag
39、e, the youth become cynical because_.（分数：2.00）A.they feel they are misled by careers officersB.they cant accomplish in reality their strong desires to become scientists or to do something greatC.what they learn at school is quite different from what they see in societyD.they are treated unfairly in
40、society(4).According to the author, some girls start to engage in agriculture_.（分数：2.00）A.because they think they can do what boys can doB.because they have no other alternativesC.because there lie new career opportunitiesD.because thats exactly what the Womens Liberation Movement advocates(5).A sui
41、table title for the passage might be_.（分数：2.00）A.The Gloomy Job Situation for the YouthB.The Difficulties in Job Hunting for the YouthC.The Disability of Careers OfficersD.The Friction between Aspirations and RealityThe aim of the teacher is to get his pupils as quickly as possible over the period i
42、n which each printed symbol is looked at for its shape, and arrive at the stage when the pupil looks at words and phrases, for their meaning, almost without noticing the shapes of the separate letters. When a good reader is at work, he does not look at letters, nor even at words, one by one, however
43、 quickly; he takes in the meaning of two, three, or four words at a time, in a single moment. Watch carefully the eyes of a person who is reading, and it will be seen that they do not travel smoothly along the lines of print, but they move by jumps separated by very short stops. The eyes of a very g
44、ood reader move quickly taking long jumps and making very short halts; the eyes of a poor reader move more slowly, taking only short jumps and stopping longer at each halt. Sometimes, when he meets a difficulty, he even goes backwards to see again what has already been looked at once. The teachers t
45、ask is therefore clear: it is to train his pupils to take in several words at a glance (one “eye-jump“) and to remove the necessity for going backwards to read something a second time. This shows at once that letter-by-letter, or syllable-by-syllable (音节) or word-by-word reading, with the finger poi
46、nting to the word, carefully fixing each one in turn, is wrong. It is wrong because such a method ties the pupils eyes down to a very short jump, and the aim is to train for the long jump. Moreover, a very short jump is too short to provide any meaning or sense; and it will be found that having stru
47、ggled with three or four words separately, the pupil has to look at them again, all together and in one group, in order to get the meaning of the whole phrase.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Pupils should be trained to reach quickly the st
48、age of reading without having to concentrate on the separate symbols.B.Pupils should look at each printed symbol for its meaning as well as for its shape.C.Teachers should help their pupils avoid looking at the shape of the printed symbols.D.Teachers should tell their pupils the different stages of
49、their study.(2).In a single moment, a good reader picks up_.（分数：2.00）A.several wordsB.several phrasesC.several sentencesD.several lines(3).According to the passage, which of the following is FALSE?（分数：2.00）A.The eyes of a good reader make short halts and long jumps.B.The eyes of a bad reader take in the meaning of one word at a time.C.The eyes of a bad reader take only short
