1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 41 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The Inventor of LED When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor (半导体) alloys(合金) ,his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, is used in
2、everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23,2004, Holonyak received the $ 500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that
3、the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. “Anytime you get an award, big or little, its always a surprise,“ Holonyak said. Holonyak,75 ,was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor(晶体管) ,in the early 1950s.
4、 After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking into how to gen
5、erate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of
6、 Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace(平凡的) as they are today, but didnt realize how many uses they would have. “You dont know in the beginning. You think youre doing something important, you think it s worth doing, but you really cant tell what the big payoff(成果) is goin
7、g to be, and when, and how. You just dont know,“ he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen,75,with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for the work on a new generation of “ molecular (分子) sieves (滤网) “ that can separate molecules by size.（分数：20.00）(1).Holonyak
8、s colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(2).Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson MIT Prize sooner or later.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(3).Holonyak
9、was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(4).LEDs used in traffic lights are developed by Holonyaks students.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(5).When Holonyak invented LEDs, he believed that they would have a wide range of uses.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.N
10、ot Given(6).Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(7).LEDs are more environmentally friendly than incandescent bulbs.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(8).Holonyak was surprised to receive the Lemelson-MIT Prize.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False
11、C.Not Given(9).Edith Flanigen was also awarded Lemelson-MIT Prize for his work on LEDs.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(10).The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given二、阅读选择(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Beginning of Drama There are many theories about the beginnin
12、g of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the worldeven the seasonal changesas unpredictable, and they sought thro
13、ugh various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals
14、were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama. Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suita
15、ble site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area“ and the “auditorium“. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment
16、of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effectsuccess in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the sunas an actor might. Eventually such dramatic, represe
17、ntations were separated from religious activities. Another theory traces the theaters origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narr
18、ator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.The
19、 origins of theater.B.The role of ritual in modern dance.C.The importance of storytelling.D.The variety of early religious activities.(2).What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The reason drama is often unpredictable.B.The seasons in which dramas were performe
20、d.C.The connection between myths and dramatic plots.D.The importance of costumes in early drama.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?（分数：2.00）A.Dance.B.Costumes.C.Music.D.Magic.(4).According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual a
21、nd drama?（分数：2.00）A.Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.B.Ritual is shorter than drama.C.Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.D.Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.(5).The passage supports which of the following statements?（分数：2.00）A.No one really knows how the theater bega
22、n.B.Myths are no longer represented dramatically.C.Storytelling is an important part of dance.D.Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.三、概括段落大意和补全句子(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Local Newspapers in Britain Britain has a large circulation (发行量) of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Daily Ex
23、press both sell about 4 million copies each day. On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays. Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country
24、 area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits. Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local eventsbirths, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports. Editors often
25、 rely on a small staff of people who know the district well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this week s edition, a news item can be held over unt
26、il the following week. The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the businessme
27、n will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye. Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling
28、on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest.A. Keeping Good Relations with Local BusinessmenB. Service Provided by Local NewspapersC. Large Circulation of
29、the National NewspapersD. Special Features of Local NewspapersE. Power of Local NewspapersF. Popularity of Local Newspapers（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_A. a lot of money
30、B. express public feeling on local issuesC. morningD. local peopleE. national issuesF. local issues（分数：10.00）(1).British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many local newspapers in Britain are making 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Local newspapers are well received becau
31、se they carry articles that please 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Local newspapers rarely give opinions on 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Local newspapers can 1for the community.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_四、填句补文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How do Movies or Television Influences Peoples Behavior? The impact that modern mass media such as mov
32、ies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. 1 They grow long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear
33、 jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages. The major means that mass media influences the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. 2
34、Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling, fascinating and immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the Dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quite On the Western Front among numerous others have b
35、een raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to this country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values? 3 The “important“ issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper or in the begi
36、nning of a television program. The “not important“ stories are the ones that are not being told at all. 4 In fact censorships present all mass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are criti
37、cal thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority; the public in whole indeed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the media. In brief, mass media, by offering topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss “the important issues“, has a strong in
38、fluence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society. 5A. We have to admit that it has a role in our lives as a source.B. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about.C. Not long ago mass media was about the only kind of culture there was
39、.D. The “not very important“ stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages.E. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation.F. Mass media also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important to know.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:
40、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、填词补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A Thirsty World The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you since nearly 75% of the earths surface is 1 with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salty water. Man can only drink and u
41、se the other 3% the 2 water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even 3 , some of it has been polluted. At the moment, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. Ho
42、wever, our demand for water is increasing 4 Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water 5 later on. In addition to stopping wasting our precious water, one useful step we should take is to 6 ways of reusing it. Today, in most large cities, water is used
43、only 7 and it eventually returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks, But it is 8 to pipe water that has been used to a purifying (净化) plant, There it can be filtered and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring. But even if every large
44、 city purified and 9 its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! We can make use of the vast amount of sea-water by removing the salt. This salt-removing 10 is already in use in many parts of the world.A. usedB. freshC. developD. processE. possibleF. shortageG
45、. worseH. reusedI. rapidlyJ. coveredK. newL. once（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、完形补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)What do Shoes Can Do? Researchers say people can【C1】_ (accurate) judge 90 percent of a strangers personality by looking at the person s shoes. “Shoes
46、 convey useful information about people,“ the authors wrote in the study【C2】_ (publish) in a journal. “Shoes serve as【C3】_ (verbal) cues with symbolic messages.“ Medical Daily notes that the number of【C4】_ (detail) personality traits include someone s emotional【C5】_ (stable) . Gillath said the【C6】_
47、(judge) were based on the style, cost, color and condition of shoes. In the study, volunteers were【C7】_ (photograph) in their most commonly worn shoes, and then filled out a questionnaire. Some of the results were expected: People with higher incomes commonly wore expensive shoes, and flashier footw
48、ear was【C8】_ (typical) worn by extroverts. However, some of the results are intriguing. For example, practical shoes were generally worn by more “【C9】_ (agree) “ people, while ankle boots were more closely aligned with “aggressive“ personalities. The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personality traits, but researchers noted that volunteers were like
