【学历类职业资格】英汉翻译教程自考题-4及答案解析.doc

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1、英汉翻译教程自考题-4 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)A1.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior.( )A朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前。B没看到提供给他的椅子,朱德端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前。C朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,方方正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前。D朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个和他十几年前一样的青年面前。(分数:2.00)A.B

2、.C.D.2.They often had little education, and in fact school education as it then was could only dull an inventive mind.( )A他们一般都没有受过什么教育。事实上,当时那种学校教育对于有创造性的头脑来说无聊。B他们一般都没有受过什么教育。事实上,当时那种学校教育也只能窒息人的创造性。C他们一般都没有受过什么教育。事实上,学校教育在那时既无聊,又没有创造性。D他们只受过一点点教育。事实上,当时那种学校教育会使有创造性的头脑觉得无聊。(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.3.Day by

3、 day the sea is eating the landthe dam has stopped the sediment of the Nile from replenishing the shoreline.( )A海水一天天吞噬陆地水坝已经使得尼罗河的泥沙沉积下来,从而加固海岸。B海水一天天冲刷陆地水坝已经停下来了,尼罗河的泥沙沉积下来加固了海岸。C海水一天天冲刷陆地水坝已经使得尼罗河的泥沙无法沉积下来加固海岸了。D海水一天天吞噬陆地水坝已经阻止尼罗河泥沙的沉积,海岸因此而加固了。(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.4.Per capita GNP has grown at an av

4、erage rate of 7.6% from 19801992.( )A从 1980年至 1992年,人均国民生产总值平均增长率为 7.6%。B从 1980年至 1992年,人均国内生产总值平均增长率为 7.6%。C从 1980年至 1992年,人均国民生产总值增长率为 7.6%。D从 1980年至 1992年,国民生产总值平均增长率为 7.6%。(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.5.Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done.( )

5、A一个人应当考虑未来,考虑那些已经做过的事情。B人的思想必须朝着未来,想想那些已经做过的事情。C人的思想一定是指向未来的,指向那些可以有所作为的事情。D一个人应当考虑未来,考虑一些可以有所作为的事情。(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.6.她不很爱说话,别人问了才回答,答的也不多。( )A. She said little, only answering briefly when asked a question.B. She doesnt like to talk. When others asked her, she would offer a brief answer.C. She sai

6、d little, and when others asked her, she would offer a brief answer.D. She said little, and she answered only when others asked her, and her answer was brief.(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.7.真是一个钱撕成八瓣用,心里总想着怎样能够改善家里的困境。( )A. Its really that each copper being cut into eight pieces, and I always think about how to

7、improve the conditions in my family.B. Its really that each copper being cut into eight pieces, and I kept racking my brains for ways to improve our difficult conditions.C. Each single copper had to be eked out, and I kept racking my brains for ways to improve our difficult conditions.D. Each single

8、 copper had to be eked out, and I always think about how to improve the conditions in my family.(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.8.中国拥有大陆岸线 18,000多公里。( )A. China boasts a mainland coastline of more than 18,000 kg.B. China boasts a mainland coastline of more than 18,000 km.C. China boasts a mainland coastline of mor

9、e than 1,800 km.D. China boasts a mainland coastline of 18,000 km.(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.9.合营企业设董事会。( )A. An equity joint venture shall have a directors conference.B. Companies which do business together shall have a board of directors.C. Companies which do business together shall have a directors confere

10、nce.D. An equity joint venture shall have a board of directors.(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.10.先有哈佛,后有美利坚合众国,这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的地位。( )A. The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to its position in the American history.B. Harvard was founded at first, then was the United States o

11、f America. This proves that Harvard is quite important in the United States history.C. The fact that the United States of America was founded before Harvard testifies to its position in the American history.D. The United States of America was founded at first, then was Harvard. This proves that Harv

12、ard is quite important in the United States history.(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.B11.下面哪种表述是正确的( )A旧的教学法只管三件事:识汉字,读汉字读物,写汉字作文B新的教学法只管三件事:识汉字,读汉字读物,写汉字作文C旧的教学法只管三件事:识汉字,翻译汉字读物,写汉字作文D新的教学法只管三件事:识汉字,翻译汉字读物,写汉字作文(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.12.下面哪种表述是正确的( )A所谓上下文一般是指语言环境中的语言单位B所谓语言环境一般是上下文中的语言单位C所谓上下文一般是指该语言单位的语言环境D所谓语言单位一般是上下

13、文中的语言环境(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.13.下列哪位提出“文学翻译的最高标准是化”( )A林纾 B钱钟书C鲁迅 D翟秋白(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.14.“凡是翻译,必须兼顾着两面,一当然力求其易解,一则保存着原作的丰姿”,这是以下哪位的论述( )A玄奘 B钱钟书C傅雷 D鲁迅(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.15.就译文而论,以下哪种表述是正确的( )A译文在语言上要忠实于原文,在内容上要 readable,这样的译文才是好的译文B译文在语法上要忠实于原文,在内容上要 readable,这样的译文才是好的译文C译文在内容上要忠实于原文,在语言上要 readable,这样的译文

14、才是好的译文D译文在文体上要忠实于原文,在语言上要 readable,这样的译文才是好的译文(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.A16.arteries of communication(分数:1.00)_17.foreign exchange(分数:1.00)_18.bilateral trade(分数:1.00)_19.light industries(分数:1.00)_20.internal combustion engine(分数:1.00)_21.enforcement power(分数:1.00)_22.enacting legislation(分数:1.00)_23.at the

15、outset(分数:1.00)_24.Sino-American relationship(分数:1.00)_25.zero sum game(分数:1.00)_B26.盗名欺世(分数:1.00)_27.平民文学(分数:1.00)_28.国内资源(分数:1.00)_29.岛屿岸线(分数:1.00)_30.毛利润(分数:1.00)_31.教育界(分数:1.00)_32.作序(分数:1.00)_33.未来几十年(分数:1.00)_34.统一战线(分数:1.00)_35.违反合同(分数:1.00)_A36.原文:All this suggested ancient harmonies.译文:这一切建

16、议了古代的和谐气氛。改译:(分数:2.00)_37.原文:Nor is the importance of trade likely to diminish for neither China or the United States.译文:无论是中国还是美国,都会缩小贸易的重要性。改译:(分数:2.00)_38.原文:In an instant, we had a choice to make.译文:一秒钟之内,我们必须做出决定。改译:(分数:2.00)_39.原文:A truly extraordinary variety of alternatives to the chemical c

17、ontrol of insects is available.译文:除了用化学方法控制昆虫以外,还有一种真正奇妙的方法可以利用。改译:(分数:2.00)_40.原文:Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.译文:我在外国从来没有听到过比美国的音乐更好的音乐。改译:(分数:2.00)_B41.原文:这个文化运动,当时还没有可能普及到工农群众中去。译文: At that time, this cultural movement was not yet possible to become widely di

18、ffused among the workers and the peasants.改译:(分数:2.00)_42.原文:开发后备耕地资源有潜力。译文:Exploiting untouched arable land sources has potentials.改译:(分数:2.00)_43.原文:中国有 960万平方公里的陆地国土,居世界第三位。译文:China has a land area of 9.6 billion km, making it the third-biggest country in the world.改译:(分数:2.00)_44.原文:合营企业需要时可在中国境

19、外设立分支机构。译文:An equity joint venture need to set up branches and subbranches outside China.改译:(分数:2.00)_45.原文:这使我忆起我所热爱的无边的大海。译文:This reminds me of my own love for the limitless sea.改译:(分数:2.00)_A46.To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse

20、. To it we owe the possibility of flying. It has changed the methods of warfare on land and sea. This kind of oil comes out of the earth.(分数:15.00)_B47.我们的先人历来把独立自主视为立国之本。中国作为人类文明的发祥地之一,在几千年的历史进程中,文化传统始终没有中断。近代中国虽屡遭列强欺凌,国势衰败,但经过全民族的百年抗争,又以巨人的姿态重新站立起来。这充分说明,中国人独立自主的民族精神具有坚不可摧的力量。(分数:15.00)_英汉翻译教程自考题-

21、4 答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)A1.Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior.( )A朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前。B没看到提供给他的椅子,朱德端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前。C朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,方方正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前。D朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个和他十几年前一样的青年面前。(分数:2.00)A. B.C.D.解析:解析

22、 这一题有三个关键词:“Ignoring”,“squarely”,“his junior”。分别应译为“顾不得”,“端端正正”和“比他年轻十岁”。2.They often had little education, and in fact school education as it then was could only dull an inventive mind.( )A他们一般都没有受过什么教育。事实上,当时那种学校教育对于有创造性的头脑来说无聊。B他们一般都没有受过什么教育。事实上,当时那种学校教育也只能窒息人的创造性。C他们一般都没有受过什么教育。事实上,学校教育在那时既无聊,又没

23、有创造性。D他们只受过一点点教育。事实上,当时那种学校教育会使有创造性的头脑觉得无聊。(分数:2.00)A.B. C.D.解析:解析 翻译时需注意三点。一、little 和 a little的区别,前者表示否定意义,因而应译为“没受过什么教育”;二、dull 在这句话中做动词,因此“无聊”的译法不正确;三、school education as it then was指“当时那种学校教育”。3.Day by day the sea is eating the landthe dam has stopped the sediment of the Nile from replenishing t

24、he shoreline.( )A海水一天天吞噬陆地水坝已经使得尼罗河的泥沙沉积下来,从而加固海岸。B海水一天天冲刷陆地水坝已经停下来了,尼罗河的泥沙沉积下来加固了海岸。C海水一天天冲刷陆地水坝已经使得尼罗河的泥沙无法沉积下来加固海岸了。D海水一天天吞噬陆地水坝已经阻止尼罗河泥沙的沉积,海岸因此而加固了。(分数:2.00)A.B.C. D.解析:解析 这句话的翻译重点在于理清 stop A from B这一短语所连接事物的关系。意思是“使 A无法 B”或“使 A从 B的状态停下来”。4.Per capita GNP has grown at an average rate of 7.6% fr

25、om 19801992.( )A从 1980年至 1992年,人均国民生产总值平均增长率为 7.6%。B从 1980年至 1992年,人均国内生产总值平均增长率为 7.6%。C从 1980年至 1992年,人均国民生产总值增长率为 7.6%。D从 1980年至 1992年,国民生产总值平均增长率为 7.6%。(分数:2.00)A. B.C.D.解析:解析 这一题的经济术语比较多,但并不难做出选择。注意一些常用的经济术语 per capita, GNP, at an average rate意思分别为人均,国民生产总值,平均率。B 选项中“国内生产总值”为GDP。5.Ones thoughts

26、must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done.( )A一个人应当考虑未来,考虑那些已经做过的事情。B人的思想必须朝着未来,想想那些已经做过的事情。C人的思想一定是指向未来的,指向那些可以有所作为的事情。D一个人应当考虑未来,考虑一些可以有所作为的事情。(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D. 解析:解析 things about which there is something to be done 指的是“可以有所作为的事情”。6.她不很爱说话,别人问了才回答,答的也不

27、多。( )A. She said little, only answering briefly when asked a question.B. She doesnt like to talk. When others asked her, she would offer a brief answer.C. She said little, and when others asked her, she would offer a brief answer.D. She said little, and she answered only when others asked her, and h

28、er answer was brief.(分数:2.00)A. B.C.D.解析:解析 A 译法最为简洁。也与原文的结构相符。7.真是一个钱撕成八瓣用,心里总想着怎样能够改善家里的困境。( )A. Its really that each copper being cut into eight pieces, and I always think about how to improve the conditions in my family.B. Its really that each copper being cut into eight pieces, and I kept racki

29、ng my brains for ways to improve our difficult conditions.C. Each single copper had to be eked out, and I kept racking my brains for ways to improve our difficult conditions.D. Each single copper had to be eked out, and I always think about how to improve the conditions in my family.(分数:2.00)A.B.C.

30、D.解析:解析 “一个钱撕成八瓣用”,这是一个形象性的说法。如照字面译,外国读者会感到莫名其妙,译文只能表其大意。to eke out 的意思是“通过节约的办法使(每一个铜板)花的时间更长一些”。另外,rack ones brains的意思是“绞尽脑汁,努力思索”。这样翻译更加形象。8.中国拥有大陆岸线 18,000多公里。( )A. China boasts a mainland coastline of more than 18,000 kg.B. China boasts a mainland coastline of more than 18,000 km.C. China boast

31、s a mainland coastline of more than 1,800 km.D. China boasts a mainland coastline of 18,000 km.(分数:2.00)A.B. C.D.解析:解析 boast 相当于 possess,表示某地有什么东西,常用这个动词。但请注意,它在这里是个及物动词,后面不加 of。另外需要注意的是数字和单位的翻译。9.合营企业设董事会。( )A. An equity joint venture shall have a directors conference.B. Companies which do business

32、 together shall have a board of directors.C. Companies which do business together shall have a directors conference.D. An equity joint venture shall have a board of directors.(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D. 解析:解析 这一题的翻译涉及专有名词。合营企业为 equity joint venture,而董事会并不是指会议而应译作 a board of directors。10.先有哈佛,后有美利坚合众国,这说明了哈佛在美

33、国历史上的地位。( )A. The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of America testifies to its position in the American history.B. Harvard was founded at first, then was the United States of America. This proves that Harvard is quite important in the United States history.C. The fact that the

34、United States of America was founded before Harvard testifies to its position in the American history.D. The United States of America was founded at first, then was Harvard. This proves that Harvard is quite important in the United States history.(分数:2.00)A. B.C.D.解析:解析 只有 A项的翻译时间顺序正确,而且句式最为简洁、准确。B1

35、1.下面哪种表述是正确的( )A旧的教学法只管三件事:识汉字,读汉字读物,写汉字作文B新的教学法只管三件事:识汉字,读汉字读物,写汉字作文C旧的教学法只管三件事:识汉字,翻译汉字读物,写汉字作文D新的教学法只管三件事:识汉字,翻译汉字读物,写汉字作文(分数:2.00)A. B.C.D.解析:解析 这段话出自吕叔湘在光明日报发表的“新的和旧的语文教学”中,这样写道:“旧的教学法只管三件事:识汉字,读汉字读物,写汉字作文。目标单纯,循序渐进,应该收效快,效果好,可是实际并非如此。”12.下面哪种表述是正确的( )A所谓上下文一般是指语言环境中的语言单位B所谓语言环境一般是上下文中的语言单位C所谓上

36、下文一般是指该语言单位的语言环境D所谓语言单位一般是上下文中的语言环境(分数:2.00)A.B.C. D.解析:解析 所谓上下文一般是指该语言单位的语言环境。例如,词的上下文是该词周围各个词的语法形式和结构的总和。13.下列哪位提出“文学翻译的最高标准是化”( )A林纾 B钱钟书C鲁迅 D翟秋白(分数:2.00)A.B. C.D.解析:解析 钱钟书先生在“林纾的翻译”一文中提出了一条新的标准。他写道:“文学翻译的最高标准是化。”14.“凡是翻译,必须兼顾着两面,一当然力求其易解,一则保存着原作的丰姿”,这是以下哪位的论述( )A玄奘 B钱钟书C傅雷 D鲁迅(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D. 解

37、析:解析 1935 年,鲁迅在“题未定草”一文中又对翻译作了新的概括。他说:“凡是翻译,必须兼顾着两面,一当然力求其易解,一则保存着原作的丰姿。”也就是说,翻译既要通顺,又要忠实。15.就译文而论,以下哪种表述是正确的( )A译文在语言上要忠实于原文,在内容上要 readable,这样的译文才是好的译文B译文在语法上要忠实于原文,在内容上要 readable,这样的译文才是好的译文C译文在内容上要忠实于原文,在语言上要 readable,这样的译文才是好的译文D译文在文体上要忠实于原文,在语言上要 readable,这样的译文才是好的译文(分数:2.00)A.B.C. D.解析:解析 这一题参

38、照课本 45页关于 readability的介绍。A16.arteries of communication(分数:1.00)_正确答案:(交通的动脉)解析:17.foreign exchange(分数:1.00)_正确答案:(外汇)解析:18.bilateral trade(分数:1.00)_正确答案:(双边贸易)解析:19.light industries(分数:1.00)_正确答案:(轻工业)解析:20.internal combustion engine(分数:1.00)_正确答案:(内燃机)解析:21.enforcement power(分数:1.00)_正确答案:(执法的权力)解析:22.enacting legislation(分数:1.00)_

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