1、英语(一)自考题-12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Nobel Prize Winner-MorrisonNovember not only marks the publication of Toni Morrisons eagerly anticipated(期待)eighth novel, Love, but it is also the tenth anniversary of her Nobel Prize for Literature. Morrison is the first black woman to r
2、eceive a Nobel, and so honored before her in literature are only two black men: Wole Soyinka, the Nigerian playwright, poet and novelist, in 1986; and Derek Walcott, the Caribbean-born poet, in 1992. But Morrison is also the first and only American-born Nobel prize winner for literature since 1962,
3、the year novelist John Steinbeck received the award.Like Song of Solomon, Love is a multigenerational story, revealing the personal and communal legacy(遗产)of an outstanding black family. As Morrison scholars will tell you, Love is the third volume of a literary masters trilogy(三部曲) investigating the
4、 many complexities of love. This trilogy began with Beloved(1988), which deals with a black mothers love under slavery and in freedom. Jazx(1993), the second volume, tells a story of romantic love in 1920s Harlem. This latest novel looks back from the 1970s to the 1940s and 50s.The emotional center
5、of Love is Bill Cosey, the former owner and host of the shabby Coseys Hotel and Resort in Silk, North Carolina, described in the novel as “the best and best-known vacation sport for colored folk on the East Coast.“ We get to know Cosey through the memories of five women who survive and love him: his
6、 granddaughter, his widow, two former employees, and a homeless young girl.The latest novel, Love, had been described in the promotional material from her publisher as “Morrisons most accessible work since Song of Solomon.“ This comparison to her third hovel, published in 1977, was an effective sell
7、ing point.（分数：10.00）(1).Morrison is the first black woman to receive a Nobel._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Wole Soyinka, the Nigerian playwright, poet and novelist, received a Nobel in 1992._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Morrison is the first and only American
8、born Nobel prize winner for literature since 1962._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).John steinbeck received the award in 1986._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Love is a story about an outstanding black family._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Love is
9、the second volume of a literary masters trilogy(三部曲)investigating the many complexities of love._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).This trilogy is the best-seller._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(8).Love is a multigenerational story._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.0
10、0）A.B.C.(9).The emotional center of Love is Bill Cosey._ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(10).The latest novel, Love, had been described in the promotional material from her publisher as “Morrisons most successful work since Song of Solomon.“_ A. True B. False C. Not Given（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
11、二、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Good Table MannersManners play an important part in making a favorable impression at the dinner table. Here are some general rules:Napkin(餐巾) useThe meal begins when the host unfolds his or her napkin. This is your signal to do the same, so place your napkin on your lap. Unfold it
12、 completely if it is a small napkin, or in half, lengthwise(纵向地), If it is a large dinner napkin.If you need to leave the table during the meal, place your napkin on your chair as a signal to your server that you will be returning. Once the meal is over, place your napkin neatly on the table to the
13、right of your dinner plate. Do not refold it.Use a napkin only for your mouth. Never use it for your nose, face or forehead.Use of utensils(餐具)Start with the knife, fork or spoon furthest from your plate, and work your way in, using one utensil for each course.If soup is served, remember to spoon aw
14、ay from yourself. This helps stop the drips. Do not put the entire soup spoon in your mouth. Instead, fill a soup spoon about 75 per cent with soup, and sip(啜饮) it from the side noiselessly.After finishing dinner, place the knife and fork parallel to one another across the plate with the knife blade
15、 facing inward toward the plate.Using your fingersHeres a list of finger foods:sandwiches, cookies, small fruits or berries with stems, French fries and potato chips, and hamburgers.Chew(咀嚼)with your mouth closed and dont make noise; dont talk with your mouth full.Bread must be broken with your hand
16、s. It is never cut with a knife.Dont pick something out of your teeth. Instead, excuse yourself to the bathroom. If possible, try not to cough at the table.Do not put your elbows(肘)on the table. In France, it is essential to have both hands above the table at the same time.Do not put bones or anythi
17、ng else on the table. Things that are not eaten should be put on your plate.（分数：10.00）(1).Where is the napkin normally placed during the meal?_ A. On your chair. B. On the table. C. On your lap. D. On your plate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The napkin is used only for._ A. your forehead B. your mouth C. you
18、r nose D. your face（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which utensil is used first?_ A. The knife. B. The fork. C. The spoon. D. The one farthest from the plate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).All of the following are finger foods EXCEPT_ A. soup B. sandwiches C. cookies D. hamburgers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the followi
19、ng shows good table manners?_ A. Talking with your mouth full. B. Putting bones on your plate. C. Putting your elbows on the table. D. Chewing our month open.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Even Intelligent People Can Fail1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our mode
20、rn world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone(手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze(错综复杂)of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th annive
21、rsary of American innovator Thomas Edisons success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, U. S. He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years
22、later he went on to light up half a square mile of down town Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4, 1882.3 “Many of lifes failures,“ the supreme innovator said, “are people who did not realize bow close they were to success
23、when they gave up.“ Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3, 000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus Ame
24、rica Inc, attributes some of the companys successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: “You only fail when you quit.“5 Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they bad the emotional ability to keep
25、up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the U. S. 1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering ear maker Henry Ford failed with one company and
26、 was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in todays open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult tim
27、e, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records(Geffens company)and the Titanic(the ship that went down)was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasnt. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits(成功的作品)he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to hi
28、mself.A. Importance of learning from failureB. Quality shared by most innovatorsC. Edisons innovationD. Edisons comment on failureE. Contributions made by innovatorsF. Failure is the mother of success（分数：5.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空
29、项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. he developed 3, 000 theoriesB. he couldnt afford to buy a pair of shoesC. he found himself an unsuccessful manD. they quittedE. an innovation should work immediatelyF. he had failed many times（分数：5.00）(1).When Thomas Edison turn
30、ed on the six power plants, _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).People often didnt realize how close they here to success when_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car, _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Walt Disney was once so poor that_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The media demand that_.（分数：1.00）填
31、空项 1:_四、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Advertising to ChildrenU U 1 /U /UNot only are they easily swayed by advertising, they are also persuasive in encouraging their parents to buy a product. If a child wants something in their kids locker, they will prod and annoy their parents until they get what they want. U
32、U 2 /U /UAll it takes is a little suggestion from a single advertisement to send them on their way.U U 3 /U /UIn a campaign entitled “Kids are the Star“, its employees were encouraged to pay special attention to children and to make sure they had a positive experience while eating at its restaurants
33、. The reason for this, naturally, was not that the McDonalds corporation cared deeply about the well-being of children everywhere, but that the pester-power that children have is extraordinarily effective at bringing their parents back for more visits.The way that advertisers target children is simp
34、le big, bright lights, happy people and animated characters are all that is needed to encourage children to think a certain product is something they want. U U 4 /U /UThey do not realize that Ronald McDonald is just a guy in a costume and make-up, and that behind the counter of every McDonalds is a
35、bunch of kids working in uncomfortable conditions for low pay.This poses a real moral dilemma for those who make the advertising decisions, or at least it should. U U 5 /U /UHow do you say no to an opportunity to reach such a wide audience of children, who act as advertisers themselves when they enc
36、ourage other children and their parents to buy a particular product?A. While manipulating children into believing lies, especially encouraging them to eat unhealthy foods, is obviously bad, the purpose of business is to make money.B. The superficial reactions children get from eating McDonalds last
37、about as long as they are at the place.C. McDonalds at one stage advised employees to specifically target children.D. Children are a prime target for advertisers and salesmen across the world.E. Anyone who has seen a child pester its parents knows the lengths children can go to.F. This is because ch
38、ildren are naive; they genuinely believe what an advertiser tells them.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Washing MachineFor those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your U U 1 /U /Uis done via a smartph
39、one app(application).Strange though it may seem-“my wife already does that“ was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was U U 2 /U /Uat the Consumer Electronics Show(CES)this week Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install(安装)a large U U 3 /U /Uof interact-
40、connected features in machines in an U U 4 /U /Uto make them “smart“.Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, its WiFi-enabled laundry machines and U U 5 /U /Uthat can tell you when your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any
41、 smartphone through a downloadable U U 6 /U /U. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners is at work or on the bus.Samsung says its not just something new-the app connection actually has some practical uses.“If you started to dry clot
42、hes in the morning and U U 7 /U /Uto take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are U U 8 /U /Uand ready to go,“ said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rate (电价) varying depending on the time of day,
43、more control over when the machines are used can help U U 9 /U /Umoney.Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do enable laziness. Rather than U U 10 /U /Uup to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watc
44、hing TV.A. introduced B. effort C. laundryD. save E. forgot F. fridgesG. refreshed H. purpose I. numberJ. application K. getting L. professional（分数：15.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Open Letter to an EditorI had an interesting conversation
45、 with a reporter recently-one who works for you. In fact, hes one of your best reporters. He wants to leave.Your reporter gave me a copy of his resume(简历)and photocopies of six stories that he U U 1 /U /U(write)for you. The headlines showed you played them U U 2 /U /U(proud). With great enthusiasm,
46、he talked about how he finds issues (问题), U U 3 /U /U(approach)them, and writes about them, which tells me he is one of your best. Im sure you would hate to lose him. Surprisingly, your reporter is not unhappy. In fact, he told me he really likes his job. He has a great assignment(分工), and said you run a great paper. It would be easy for you to keep him, he said. He knows that the paper U U 4 /U /U(value)him. He appreciates the responsibility youve given him, takes ownership of
