1、英语国家概况自考题-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B/B(总题数：28，分数：28.00)1.The Tories in Britain were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today. A. the Labor Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Conservative Party D. the Social Democratic Party（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Loosely speaking, _ opposed absol
2、ute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. A. the Whigs B. the Tories C. the House of Lords D. the House of Commons（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Jeremy Benthams radical ideals were known as _. A. radicalism B. idealism C. utilitarianism D. Benthamism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The ope
3、n field system lasted till _ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th D. 18th（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5._ of the late 18th and early 19th centuries enabled wealthier landowners to seize land and divide it into enclosed fields. A. The Crop Rotation law B. The Enclosure Acts C. Enclosed Fields Act D. Landownership Ac
4、ts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Agricultural enclosure increased production, but it was a disaster for _. A. the government B. the tenants C. landowners D. the workers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.As a result of the agriculture enclosure in England in the late 18th century, _. A. diet became less varied B. the English te
5、nants got benefits C. farms became smaller and smaller D. peasant farmers had to look for work in towns（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The _ refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19thcenturies. A. Urbanization B. E
6、conomic Boom C. Glorious Revolution D. Industrial Revolution（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9._ succeeded in smelting iron with _ instead of charcoal in 1709. A. James Watt, oil B. Thomas Newcomer, gas C. Edmund Cartwright, coal D. Abraham Darby, coke（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Political change in England came mainly thro
7、ugh _. A. gradual reform B. revolution C. peoples uprisings D. working class movement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Those who tried to destroy the hated machines during the English Industrial Revolution were called _. A. Destroyers B. Breakers C. Unionists D. Luddites（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The Peoples Charter was
8、 drawn up by _ as their demands. A. the London Working Mens Association B. the British Steel Corporation C. the activists in the Chartist Movement D. the Trade Union（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Which of the following was not included in the six-point demand of the Chartist Movement? _ A. Equal electoral dist
9、ricts. B. Voting by secret ballot. C. The vote for all adult males. D. The vote for all adult females.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The Physical Force Chartists was led by _. A. William Lovett B. Feargus OConnor C. Attwood D. Engels（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The Chartist movement was the first nationwide _ movement.
10、 A. working class B. lower middle class C. upper middle class D. upper class（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Votes were granted to English women in the same terms as men after _. A. World War B. World War C. the Seven Years War D. the United States won its independence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.During the First World W
11、ar, Britain was allied with _. A. Turkey B. the Central Powers C. France and Russia D. Germany and Austria-Hungary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo on June 28 _, when the _ Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A. 1913, Germ
12、an B. 1914, Austrian C. 1913, Bulgarian D. 1914, English（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19._ was the British Prime Minister who adopted appeasement policy to Nazi Germany during the Second World War. A. Tony Blair B. Margaret Thatcher C. Winston Churchill D. Neville Chamberlain（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Which of the foll
13、owing statements about World War II is true? _ A. Britain lost about 250,000 lives during the war. B. Britain became a powerful empire after the war. C. Britain only devoted part of its entire strength to the war. D. Britain suffered far more military casualties in World War than in World War .（分数：1
14、.00）A.B.C.D.21.By the _ Adolf Hitler got the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia in 1938. A. Versailles Arrangement B. nonaggression Pact C. Paris Treaty D. Munich Agreement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22._ led the U. K. to final victory in the Second World War. A. Winston Churchill B. Neville Chamberlain C. Tony Bla
15、ir D. William Gladstone（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.The foundation of the welfare state of Britain was laid during the years _. A. of the Great Depression B. before World War C. immediately after World War D. after World War （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.One of the most far-reaching consequences of the Second World Wa
16、r is that _. A. it improved British economy B. it strengthened the British Empire C. it hastened the end of the British Empire D. it hastened the end of the British Commonwealth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.In January, 1973, Britain finally became a full member of the _, which was established by the Treaty of
17、 Rome in 1957. A. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development B. Organization of European Development C. European Economic Community D. European Union（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.The new Policies adopted by Mrs. Thatcher and Conservative Government after the 1979 election was known as _. A. Thatcher
18、ism B. the New Deal C. New Frontier D. Keynesianism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, a Conservative Party leader in the 1980s, believed in the following except _. A. self-reliance B. privatization C. the strengthening of the trade unions D. the keeping of law and order（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.T
19、he 1970s saw the growth of _ in Wales and Scotland. A. Marxism B. liberalism C. nationalism D. chauvinism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B/B(总题数：8，分数：32.00)29.What did the Whigs stand for in the early 19th century?（分数：4.00）_30.Who was called “Farmer George“?（分数：4.00）_31.What did the English Industrial Revolution
20、 begin with?（分数：4.00）_32.What is the direct result of the Industrial Revolution?（分数：4.00）_33.What was the goal of the London Working Mens Association in its struggle?（分数：4.00）_34.Who is the head of state of the U.K.?（分数：4.00）_35.Who is the head of the Australian government?（分数：4.00）_36.Who has the p
21、ower to declare war and make peace in the U.K.?（分数：4.00）_三、B/B(总题数：4，分数：40.00)37.Whigs and Tories（分数：10.00）_38.Industrial Revolution（分数：10.00）_39.the Reform Act of 1832（分数：10.00）_40.the British Constitution（分数：10.00）_英语国家概况自考题-15 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B/B(总题数：28，分数：28.00)1.The Tories in Britai
22、n were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today. A. the Labor Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Conservative Party D. the Social Democratic Party（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 托利党为保守党的前身，至今保守党还保留托利党这个绰号。2.Loosely speaking, _ opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious
23、freedom for Nonconformists. A. the Whigs B. the Tories C. the House of Lords D. the House of Commons（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 泛泛而言，辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权、支持新教徒享有宗教自由权利的人们。3.Jeremy Benthams radical ideals were known as _. A. radicalism B. idealism C. utilitarianism D. Benthamism（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 激进派分子深受杰
24、拉米本汉姆“功利主义”哲学的影响。4.The open field system lasted till _ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th D. 18th（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 18 世纪中叶，英国人口剧增，城镇尤甚如此，要靠农村供应粮食。生产力的进一步提高意味着可以获得相当可观的利润，因此，地主们愿意用规模更大的、经济效益更好的“分界田地”耕作法取代那种小规模的“开放田地”耕作法。5._ of the late 18th and early 19th centuries enabled wealthier landowners to
25、 seize land and divide it into enclosed fields. A. The Crop Rotation law B. The Enclosure Acts C. Enclosed Fields Act D. Landownership Acts（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 18 世纪末 19世纪初，通过圈地法，使得较富有的地主可以夺取佃农的土地。6.Agricultural enclosure increased production, but it was a disaster for _. A. the government B. the
26、 tenants C. landowners D. the workers（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 圈地对佃农而言是一场灾难，他们被赶离土地，被迫到城镇寻找工作，因此城镇很快过于拥挤。许多地区发生暴动。7.As a result of the agriculture enclosure in England in the late 18th century, _. A. diet became less varied B. the English tenants got benefits C. farms became smaller and smaller D. pea
27、sant farmers had to look for work in towns（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 农业圈地的结果有利有弊。其中之一就是圈地对佃农而言是一场灾难，他们被赶离土地，被迫到城镇寻找工作，因此城镇很快过于拥挤。8.The _ refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19thcenturies. A. Urbanizatio
28、n B. Economic Boom C. Glorious Revolution D. Industrial Revolution（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 工业革命指的是 18世纪末、19 世纪初英国工业的机械化，以及因此而导致的社会结构和经济结构的变化。9._ succeeded in smelting iron with _ instead of charcoal in 1709. A. James Watt, oil B. Thomas Newcomer, gas C. Edmund Cartwright, coal D. Abraham Darby, coke（
29、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 1709 年，亚伯拉罕达尔比成功地用焦炭代替木炭冶炼铁，这或许是加快工业化的重要因素及突破。10.Political change in England came mainly through _. A. gradual reform B. revolution C. peoples uprisings D. working class movement（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 英国的政治变革不是通过革命，而是通过逐渐改革而进行的。11.Those who tried to destroy the hated machines
30、 during the English Industrial Revolution were called _. A. Destroyers B. Breakers C. Unionists D. Luddites（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 在英国的工业革命中，由尼德卢德领导的“卢德派”企图毁坏可恨的机器。12.The Peoples Charter was drawn up by _ as their demands. A. the London Working Mens Association B. the British Steel Corporation C. th
31、e activists in the Chartist Movement D. the Trade Union（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 在 1836年，一群技术工人和小店主组成伦敦工人协会，其目标是“运用每一种合法手段，追求社会各阶级的政治平等权和社会平等权”。领导者是熟练工人威廉洛维特。他们于 1838年起草了有关政治要求的宪章(即人民宪章)。13.Which of the following was not included in the six-point demand of the Chartist Movement? _ A. Equal electoral d
32、istricts. B. Voting by secret ballot. C. The vote for all adult males. D. The vote for all adult females.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 宪章运动有六点内容：(1)所有成年男子有选举权；(2)进行无记名投票；(3)平等选区；(4)议员选举废除财产资格要求；(5)议员应有报酬；(6)实行年选制，每年六月进行大选。14.The Physical Force Chartists was led by _. A. William Lovett B. Feargus OConnor C
33、. Attwood D. Engels（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 宪章派成员可大致地分为两派：道义派和暴力派。道义派由威廉洛维特领导，试图通过和平手段实现目标(“政治说服”)。暴力派由斐尔格斯奥廉诺尔领导，试图用暴力达到目的。15.The Chartist movement was the first nationwide _ movement. A. working class B. lower middle class C. upper middle class D. upper class（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 宪章运动是第一次全国范围的工人阶
34、级运动，引起了对许多严重问题的关注。16.Votes were granted to English women in the same terms as men after _. A. World War B. World War C. the Seven Years War D. the United States won its independence（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 一战一结束，30 岁以上的妇女就获得了选举权。十年后，所有妇女获得与男子同样条件的选举权。17.During the First World War, Britain was allied
35、with _. A. Turkey B. the Central Powers C. France and Russia D. Germany and Austria-Hungary（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 一战中，英国与法国和俄国联合作战。18.The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo on June 28 _, when the _ Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A. 1913, Ger
36、man B. 1914, Austrian C. 1913, Bulgarian D. 1914, English（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 一战的导火线是 1914年 6月 28日的萨拉热窝事件。奥地利皇储弗兰兹斐迪南被一位塞尔维亚民族主义者暗杀。19._ was the British Prime Minister who adopted appeasement policy to Nazi Germany during the Second World War. A. Tony Blair B. Margaret Thatcher C. Winston Churchi
37、ll D. Neville Chamberlain（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 张伯伦发现他的绥靖政策已站不住脚，只得于 1939年 9月 3日对德宣战。20.Which of the following statements about World War II is true? _ A. Britain lost about 250,000 lives during the war. B. Britain became a powerful empire after the war. C. Britain only devoted part of its entire s
38、trength to the war. D. Britain suffered far more military casualties in World War than in World War .（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 二战中英国的军事伤亡比一战时小得多。死亡约 25万人。全力以赴投入战争的英国这时已一贫如洗，损失四分之一的国家财富，英国进入了经济和财政的困难时期。21.By the _ Adolf Hitler got the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia in 1938. A. Versailles Arrangement B.
39、nonaggression Pact C. Paris Treaty D. Munich Agreement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 1936 年希特勒重新占领莱茵河地区。1938 年 3月占领奥地利，根据慕尼黑协定(1938年 9月)苏德台区割让给德国。22._ led the U. K. to final victory in the Second World War. A. Winston Churchill B. Neville Chamberlain C. Tony Blair D. William Gladstone（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解
40、析 温斯顿丘吉尔爵士作为战时领导人受到群众普遍欢迎，他领导英国在 1945年获胜。23.The foundation of the welfare state of Britain was laid during the years _. A. of the Great Depression B. before World War C. immediately after World War D. after World War （分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 第二次世界大战结束于 1945年。在随后的大选中，温斯顿丘吉尔惨败。选民选举了工党政府，因为他们想把战争置之脑后，战后
41、数年奠定了福利国家的基础，这种福利制度向每个人提供免费医疗，为老人、病人和失业者提供财政援助。24.One of the most far-reaching consequences of the Second World War is that _. A. it improved British economy B. it strengthened the British Empire C. it hastened the end of the British Empire D. it hastened the end of the British Commonwealth（分数：1.00）
42、A.B.C. D.解析：解析 第二次世界大战的深远影响之一是，加速了英帝国的解体。25.In January, 1973, Britain finally became a full member of the _, which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. A. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development B. Organization of European Development C. European Economic Community D. European
43、 Union（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 1973 年 1月，英国终于成为欧洲经济共同体的正式成员国。共同体是根据 1957年的罗马条约成立的。26.The new Policies adopted by Mrs. Thatcher and Conservative Government after the 1979 election was known as _. A. Thatcherism B. the New Deal C. New Frontier D. Keynesianism（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 撒切尔夫人极力主张自力更生以及私有化。她的政策被广泛称为撒切尔主义。27.Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, a Conservative Party leader in the 1980s, believed in the following except _. A. self-reliance
