1、英语词汇学自考题-13 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _. A. are complex words B. are technical words C. refer to the commonest things in life D. denote the most important concepts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.“Im sure that they will c
2、ome today. “ There are _ content words in the above sentence. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.When the English word “fresh“ means “impertinent, sassy, cheeky“ under the influence of the German word “frech“, we say “fresh“ is _. A. an alien B. a semantic-loan C. a denizen D. a translation-loan（
3、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.As a basic word, “father“ is borrowed from _. A. Scandinavian B. Greek C. French D. Latin（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.English Renaissance brought over 10000 new words from _ and _ into English language. A. Latin; Greek B. Latin; French C. French; German D. Greek; French（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It
4、seems to be generally agreed that a _ is the smallest unit of a language that stands alone to communicate meaning. A. morpheme B. word C. morph D. allomorph（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into _ morphemes and _ morphemes. A. derivational; infle
5、ctional B. free; bound C. free; inflectional D. root ; bound（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.In “went“ we find _ morphemes, and in “classrooms“ _ roots. A. two; two B. one; two C. one; three D. two; three（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Much of this early excitement and expectation was met with successive breakthroughs in scie
6、ntific research on plant gene transfer methods, identification of valuable genes, and the eventual performance of Utransgenic/U crops. How is the underlined word formed?_ A. Compounding. B. Blending. C. Back-formation. D. Prefixation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.“Sit-in“ belongs to _. A. adjective compound B
7、. noun compound C. verb compound D. none of the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11._ are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and to newspapers and magazines. A. Words from hack-formation B. Acronyms C. Blends D. Clipped words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Which of the following statements is not tr
8、ue? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Words like miaow and ping-pong are _ motivated.
9、 A. onomatopoeically B. morphologically C. semantically D. etymologically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The word “nose“ in the phrase “the nose of the plane“ is related to _. A. onomatopoeic motivation B. semantic motivation C. morphological motivation D. etymological motivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The later me
10、anings added to the first meaning of the word are called _ meanings. A. lexical B. conceptual C. secondary D. derived（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Which of the following are perfect homonyms?_ A. Bear(n.)/Bear(v.). B. Are(v.)/R. C. Bow(n.)/Bow(v.). D. Sow(v.)/Sow(n.).（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.The two features of co
11、ntradictory terms are _ and _. A. mutually exclusive; non-gradable B. inclusive; exchangeable C. relative; interdependent D. relational; interdependent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The meaning of “meat“ changed from “food“ to “flesh of animals“ by mode of _. A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradati
12、on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The original meaning of “shrewd“ is “evil“ or “wickedness“ while modern meaning is “clever“, this belongs to _ of word-meaning. A. degradation B. elevation C. extension D. narrowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Quite a number of words that denote different sorts of working people or thei
13、r occupations have acquired _ senses. A. non-affective B. appreciative C. affective D. pejorative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.Grammatical context refers to _ in which a word is used. A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.In the sentence, “Its just one more inc
14、redible result of the development of microprocessors-those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as silicon chips. “, the hint for the meaning of microprocessors is _. A. explanation B. word structure C. definition D. both A and B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.As the fighting on all fronts reached its peak,
15、the economy neared its nadir. In the sentence, _ is applied. A. antonymy B. hyponymy C. synonymy D. word structure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.An idiom contains at least _ words. A. one B. two C. three D. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.In nothing flat as an idiom is _ in nature. A. verbal B. nominal C. adjectival D
16、. adverbial（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.“From head to foot“ has _ rhetorical colouring. A. rhyme B. alliteration C. reiteration D. juxtaposition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.In the idiom “in good feather“, we change “good“ into “high, full“ without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _. A. additio
17、n B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Among all the unabridged dictionary, _ is appropriate for Chinese readers. A. Websters Third New International Dictionary B. The Word Book Dictionary C. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology D. The Encyclopedia Britannica（分数：
18、1.00）A.B.C.D.29._ is noted for its elaborate grammar information. A. LDCE B. CCELD C. ALD D. All the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.A Chinese-English Dictionary was first published in the year _. A. 1974 B. 1976 C. 1978 D. 1980（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B(总题数：10，分数：15.00)31.Certain words are labeled slang not bec
19、ause of their appearance or pronunciation hut because of their 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_32.Scandinavian language refers to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_33.A root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main 1 of meaning in a word.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_34.Compounds can be written solid
20、, 1 and open.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_35. 1 meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_36.The 1 approach in lexicology study is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_37.Contrary terms are 1 antonyms.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_38.The asso
21、ciated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words, etc. are often due to 1 factors.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_39.The meaning of the true idiom cant be deduced from those of the 1 constituents.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_40.Linguistic dictionaries aim at defining words and explaining their 1 in the language.（分数：1.50）
22、填空项 1:_三、B(总题数：5，分数：15.00)41.morphs（分数：3.00）_42.initialism（分数：3.00）_43.sense relations（分数：3.00）_44.linguistic context（分数：3.00）_45.unabridged dictionaries（分数：3.00）_四、B(总题数：4，分数：20.00)46.Are a root and a stem the same, and why?（分数：5.00）_47.Cite one example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is.（分数
23、：5.00）_48.How does context provide clues for inferring word-meaning?（分数：5.00）_49.What are the unique features of CCELD?（分数：5.00）_五、B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)50.Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates. a. The man said he would come to our school next week. b. Th
24、e visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.（分数：10.00）_51.They chucked a stone at the police and then did bunk with the loot. Are all the words in this sentence used appropriately? If not, why? Then improve it.（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题-13 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00
25、)1.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _. A. are complex words B. are technical words C. refer to the commonest things in life D. denote the most important concepts（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 As they denote the commonest things necessary to life, they are likely to rema
26、in unchanged. 基本词汇指代的是日常生活中最常见的事物，所以最有可能保持稳定不变。答案为C。2.“Im sure that they will come today. “ There are _ content words in the above sentence. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 词汇可以根据有无实义分为实义词和功能词。实义词表示明确的概念，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词和数词，表示事物、现象、行为、特质、状态、程度、数量等。earth(地球)，cloud(云)，run(跑)，walk(散步)，bright(明
27、亮)，dark(黑暗)，never(从不)，frequently(经常)，five(五)，December(十二月)等都是实义词。本题的句子中“I，sure，they，come，today”是实义词。答案为 D。3.When the English word “fresh“ means “impertinent, sassy, cheeky“ under the influence of the German word “frech“, we say “fresh“ is _. A. an alien B. a semantic-loan C. a denizen D. a translati
28、on-loan（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 Semantic-loans are not borrowed with reference to the form. but their meanings are borrowed. 借义词是只借义不借形的单词，即英语利用现有词的形式赋予其新的外来语含义，fresh借用了德语 frech 的意义，但形式没变，所以 fresh 在这里是借义词。答案为 B。4.As a basic word, “father“ is borrowed from _. A. Scandinavian B. Greek C. French D. Lati
29、n（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 古英语时期，由于北欧海盗的入侵，许多斯堪的纳维亚语的词汇进入到英语中。但这些借词并没有引进新思想、新事物，它们都是英语中已有的术语和说法，大多是日常词汇，因为斯堪的纳维亚入侵者也像盎格鲁-撒克逊人一样都是日耳曼民族，许多词都是相同的，如：father(父亲)，husband(丈夫)，house(房屋)，life(生活)，man(男人)，mother(妈妈)，summer(夏天)，winter(冬天)等。答案为A。5.English Renaissance brought over 10000 new words from _ and _ int
30、o English language. A. Latin; Greek B. Latin; French C. French; German D. Greek; French（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 从 16 世纪到 18 世纪，许多作家尝试借词，于是有 10000 多新词汇进入到了英语中，其中有许多词是学者们从拉丁语和希腊语借来以取代早期从法语中借来的词汇。答案为 A。6.It seems to be generally agreed that a _ is the smallest unit of a language that stands alone to com
31、municate meaning. A. morpheme B. word C. morph D. allomorph（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 大家似乎默认词是能够独立存在且能表达意义的最小语言单位。然而从结构上来说，词并不是最小的单位，因为许多词仍然可以分成甚至更小的意义单位。本题中说的是 It seems to be generally agreed.(看起来大家好像默认)。答案为 B。7.The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into _ morphemes and
32、_ morphemes. A. derivational; inflectional B. free; bound C. free; inflectional D. root ; bound（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 划分词素的方式有多种，但最普遍的方法是将其分为粘着词素和独立词素(bound morpheme and free morpheme)。答案为 B。8.In “went“ we find _ morphemes, and in “classrooms“ _ roots. A. two; two B. one; two C. one; three D. two;
33、three（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 词素是最小的有意义的单位。题中 went 是 go 的过去式，因此 went 包含两个词素，一个是动词 go(去)本身，另一个是过去式标志-ed，只因 go 的过去式是不规则变化，不加-ed，所以较为隐蔽。词根(root)即为不能再进一步分析而又不损害本身意义的词的基本形式。可见 classrooms 包含三个词根，即 class，room，classroom。答案为 D。9.Much of this early excitement and expectation was met with successive breakthroug
34、hs in scientific research on plant gene transfer methods, identification of valuable genes, and the eventual performance of Utransgenic/U crops. How is the underlined word formed?_ A. Compounding. B. Blending. C. Back-formation. D. Prefixation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 transgenic(杂交)来自 trans(横贯；超载；变化)
35、+genic(基因的)，属于前缀词。答案为D。10.“Sit-in“ belongs to _. A. adjective compound B. noun compound C. verb compound D. none of the above（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 sit-in 是由动词 sit+副词 in 构成的复合名词，意为“静坐罢工，静坐示威”。答案为B。11._ are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and to newspapers and magazines. A.
36、 Words from hack-formation B. Acronyms C. Blends D. Clipped words（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 主要用于科技文章和报纸杂志文章的写作的是哪种构词?词的构成有以下几种方法：affixation(词缀法)，compounding(复合法)，conversion(转类法)，blending(拼缀法)，clipping(截短法)，acronymy(首字母拼音法)，back-formation(逆生法)，words from proper names(专用名词转化而来的普通名词)。其中，拼缀法主要用于科技文章、报纸杂志文章
37、的写作，是一个非常具有多产性的方法。答案为 C。12.Which of the following statements is not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the langua
38、ge.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 Reference is the relationship between language and the world. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. 也就是说它们之间的关系是任意的和约定俗成的，所以 A、B 项都正确。同时 Concept, which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the obj
39、ective world in the human mind. It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and so on. 所以 C 项正确。Unlike references，sense denotes the relationships inside the language，而不是 outside。答案为 D。13.Words like miaow and ping-pong are _ motivated. A. onomatopoeically B. morphologically
40、 C. semantically D. etymologically（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 miaow(喵喵地叫)，通过模仿猫叫的声音创造的。ping-pong(乒乓声)，通过模仿打乒乓球的声音创造的。因此这两个词都是拟声理据，即 onomatopoeic motivation。答案为 A。14.The word “nose“ in the phrase “the nose of the plane“ is related to _. A. onomatopoeic motivation B. semantic motivation C. morphological m
41、otivation D. etymological motivation（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. 语义理据是指由词的概念意义所暗示的联想意义，这种理据解释词的字面意义与比喻意义之间的联系。本题所述属于语义理据(semantic motivation)。答案为 B。15.The later meanings added to the first meaning of the
42、word are called _ meanings. A. lexical B. conceptual C. secondary D. derived（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 These later meanings are called derived meanings as they are all derived from the primary meaning. 这些后来获得的意义叫派生意义，因为它们都是从原始意义中派生出来的。答案为 D。16.Which of the following are perfect homonyms?_ A. Bear(n.)/B
43、ear(v.). B. Are(v.)/R. C. Bow(n.)/Bow(v.). D. Sow(v.)/Sow(n.).（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 B 项中 are 和 R 同音，不同形不同义。C 项中两个词同形，不同音不同义。D 项中两个词同形，不同音不同义。答案为 A。17.The two features of contradictory terms are _ and _. A. mutually exclusive; non-gradable B. inclusive; exchangeable C. relative; interdependent D. relational; interdependent（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 互为矛盾的反义词是真正意义上的反义词，语义之间互不包容，肯定一方就是否定另一方，没有其他可能性。换句话说，如果一对反义词中的一个是真，另一个就不能是真。比如，一个动物不是dead(死)就是 alive(活)，不可能既死又活。虽然我们可以用比喻的手法说一个人还活着，但从严格意义上讲，他实际上已经死了。这类反义
