1、英语词汇学自考题-14 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Words like “bear, nut, knock out“ can be categorized as _. A. terminology B. jargon C. slang D. neologisms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Terminology consists of _ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. dif
2、ferent D. academic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Which of the following words does not belong to jargon?_ A. Orchestra. B. Bottom line. C. Ballpark figures. D. Bargaining chips.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following except _. A. open heart surgery B. fas
3、t food C. moon walk D. space shuttle（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, the Americans use “sick“ for “_“ in British English. A. six B. ailment C. throwing up D. ill（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.If we say that Old English was a language o
4、f full endings, Middle English was one of _ endings. A. leveled B. short C. long D. paralleled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.There are _ free morphemic words in the following words, bird, man, red, turn. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.“Nature“ in the word “denaturalization“ is not _. A. free root B. free
5、 morphemes C. stem D. bound root（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The following words have derivational affixes except _. A. subsea B. prewar C. postwar D. desks（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The suffix “-tion“ is a _ suffix. A. adjective B. verb C. adverb D. noun（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.From the sentences “Hand in your papers.“
6、and “She papered the room green.“, we can see such a means of word-formation as _. A. affixation B. compounding C. conversion D. acronymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The word “beg“ comes from the word “beggar“. Such a way of creating a new word is called _. A. suffixation B. clipping C. blending D. back-form
7、ation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away“ has the same _ but different stylistic values. A. reference B. concept C. motivation D. style（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.“Tables, men, potatoes“ have the same _ meaning, for they have the same plural meaning. A. lexical B. grammatical C. conce
8、ptual D. associative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Stylistic features of words include the following except _. A. formal B. literary C. argumentative D. slang（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The word “_“ is an illustrative example of concatenation. A. neck B. board C. candidate D. harvest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Based on the de
9、gree of _, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographs and homophones. A. intensity B. property C. similarity D. variety（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.Complete synonyms are identical both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning, including _ and associative meanings. A. conceptual B. perce
10、ptual C. eventual D. actual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Degradation can be illustrated by the following example _. A. lewdignorant B. sillyfoolish C. lustpleasure D. knaveboy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.As far as transfer is concerned, the phrase “loud colours“ falls into the category of transfer _. A. from concrete
11、to abstract meanings B. from abstract to concrete meanings C. through association D. of sensations（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The so-called “Kings English“ serves as a _ reason in word-meaning change. A. historical B. cultural C. class D. psychological（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Based on _ context, we can determine
12、 the meaning of “do a museum“. A. cultural B. grammatical C. lexical D. situational（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called _ or non-linguistic context. A. extra-linguistic B. lexical C. grammatical D. syntactical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The ambiguity i
13、n sentence “She likes white roses and lilies. “ is due to _. A. polysemy B. homonymy C. hyponymy D. grammatical structure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Which of the following is not one of the stylistic features of idioms? A. Frozen style. B. Slang. C. Literary style. D. Colloquialisms.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.“Cho
14、p and change“ is an idiom _ in nature. A. verbal B. nominal C. adjectival D. adverbial（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.The change of idiom “the last straw“ from the original form is _. A. replacement B. dismembering C. addition D. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Readers cant find pronunciation or meaning in _. A.
15、Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation B. The Encyclopedia Americana C. Chambers Encyclopedic English Dictionary D. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English is a(n) _ dictionary. A. specialized B. desk
16、C. pocket D. encyclopedic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is _. A. a thesaurus B. a synonym finder C. an encyclopedia D. an encyclopedic dictionary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B(总题数：10，分数：15.00)31.Grammarians insist that a word be a
17、1 form that can function in a sentence.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_32.The language used between 450 and 1150 is called English.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_33. 1 morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_34.Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with 1 when converted to nouns.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:
18、_35. 1 motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_36.In dictionaries, a 1 has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_37.In the sentence “Just after two years he is quit
19、e a grown boy now. “ The word “grown“ can be classified into 1 sense of transfer.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_38.The sentence “I lost Bettys picture“ is ambiguous due to 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_39.The fixity of idioms depends on the 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_40.British dictionaries generally use International Phonetic Alphabe
20、t while American ones employ 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_三、B(总题数：5，分数：15.00)41.jargon（分数：3.00）_42.clipping（分数：3.00）_43.associative meaning（分数：3.00）_44.synchronic approach to polysemy（分数：3.00）_45.sentence idioms（分数：3.00）_四、B(总题数：4，分数：20.00)46.What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the Eng
21、lish vocabulary?（分数：5.00）_47.What are the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?（分数：5.00）_48.What are the major characteristics of English antonyms?（分数：5.00）_49.What are contextual clues? Find out the meanings of the words in bold type and tell what contextual clues have
22、helped you in arriving at the meanings. A. Do you know the architect? He designed St. Pauls Cathedral. B. The book was only published posthumously, for the author had been dead for three years already.（分数：5.00）_五、B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)50.Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and poi
23、nt out the types of the morphemes. dishearten, idealistic, unfriendly（分数：10.00）_51.Study the following sentence: (1)pick out the idiom, (2)explain its origin, and (3)comment on the use. Davids head was in the tool-box, but his voice was heard saying, “Too many cooks, better let me.“（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自
24、考题-14 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Words like “bear, nut, knock out“ can be categorized as _. A. terminology B. jargon C. slang D. neologisms（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 俚语属非标准语言，介于一般标准词汇和团体内部用词之间，bear(警察)，nut 和 knock out 都是俚语词。答案为 C。2.Terminology consists of _ terms used in particular
25、 disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 术语是指特定学科和学术领域所使用的专有名词，如医学名词：photoscanning(光扫描)，hepatitis(肝炎)等。答案为 A。3.Which of the following words does not belong to jargon?_ A. Orchestra. B. Bottom line. C. Ballpark figures. D. Bargaining ch
26、ips.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 行话是流行于艺术、科学、商业和其他职业内部的专有词汇。如商业行话：bottom line表示“难以逃脱的暗示，不可避免的结果，最终的说法”，ballpark figures 代表“估计，估算”，bargaining chips 表示“协商中任何一方所拥有的优势”。而 orchestra 指交响乐团，是音乐术语。答案为 A。4.Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following except _. A. open heart surger
27、y B. fast food C. moon walk D. space shuttle（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 迅速发展的科技孕育出大量新词，如航天科学方面：space shuttle(航天飞机)，moon walk(月球行走)；医学方面：open heart surgery(心脏直视手术)。选项 B 中的 fast food 属于由社会、经济和政治变化带来的新词。答案为 B。5.Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, the A
28、mericans use “sick“ for “_“ in British English. A. six B. ailment C. throwing up D. ill（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 复活古词和废弃词对整个英语词汇来说虽然影响不大，但确实是一种发展方式。美国英语尤其喜欢用这一方式。如 loan(借贷)作及物动词在 13 世纪十分流行，后来此义就废弃不用了，而由 lend代替，但 loan 的这一用法却在美国英语中复活了。现在，美国英语中 guess 作 think 讲，druggist 作chemist 讲，fall 作 autumn 讲，sick 作 i
29、ll 讲，都可以追溯到英国英语的早期。答案为 D。6.If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of _ endings. A. leveled B. short C. long D. paralleled（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 中古英语的内部屈折形式少了很多，标志名词和形容词、数、格、性的词尾形式已经不明显了。动词的情况也一样。如果说古英语尽是词尾的话，那么中古英语的词尾已去了一半。答案为 A。7.There are _ free morphemi
30、c words in the following words, bird, man, red, turn. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 彼此之间互相独立的词素叫自由词素。这些词素本身具有完整的意义，在句子中可以用作自由语法单位，如 man，earth，wind，car，anger 等。答案为 D。8.“Nature“ in the word “denaturalization“ is not _. A. free root B. free morphemes C. stem D. bound root（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
31、解析：解析 粘附词根就如自由词根一样，是带有基本意义的词的组成部分。与自由词根不同的是，粘附词根是一种粘附形式，必须与别的词素结合在一起才能构成词。本题电“nature”在“denaturalization”中是自由词根、自由词素，同时也是词干。答案为 D。9.The following words have derivational affixes except _. A. subsea B. prewar C. postwar D. desks（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 不能独立成词的词素叫粘附词素。之所以叫粘附词素是因为它们要粘附在别的词素上才能构成词，粘附词素主要出
32、现在派生词里。粘附词素有两类：粘附词根和词缀。派生词缀还可以进一步分为前缀或后缀。sub-，pre-，post-均是粘附词素的一种，desks 中的-s 指内部屈折词缀，而不是派生词缀中的后缀。答案为 D。10.The suffix “-tion“ is a _ suffix. A. adjective B. verb C. adverb D. noun（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 -tion，-ation，-ition，-sion，-ion 这类后缀加在动词词干上，主要构成抽象名词，它们是名词后缀。答案为 D。11.From the sentences “Hand in y
33、our papers.“ and “She papered the room green.“, we can see such a means of word-formation as _. A. affixation B. compounding C. conversion D. acronymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 转类法是将一种词类转化成另一种词类构成新词的方法。这些词在语法意义上是新词。既然这些词在形态结构上不变，只在功能上有变化，这一转类过程也叫做功能转换。本题中句子“Hand in your papers”的意思是“把你们的卷子交上来”，而“She pap
34、ered the room green”的意思是“她用壁纸把房间贴成绿色”，前者是 paper 的常见的名词用法，后者是该词的动词用法，是由转类法构成的新词。答案为 C。12.The word “beg“ comes from the word “beggar“. Such a way of creating a new word is called _. A. suffixation B. clipping C. blending D. back-formation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 逆生法被认为是后缀法的对立过程。如我们所知，后缀法是通过在词基上添加后缀，而逆生
35、法是通过除去假定的后缀而创造新词的方法。“beg(乞讨)”一词就是这样产生的。答案为 D。13.Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away“ has the same _ but different stylistic values. A. reference B. concept C. motivation D. style（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 很多词带有文体特征，这使得它们适合于不同的语境。这些区别性的特征构成了单词的文体意义。在某些词典中，这些特征清楚地被标明为“正式”、“非正式”、“书面的”、“古语”、“俚语”等等。die 和
36、 pass away 都具有相同的概念意义去世，但在文体方面存在差异。答案为 B。14.“Tables, men, potatoes“ have the same _ meaning, for they have the same plural meaning. A. lexical B. grammatical C. conceptual D. associative（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 语法意义是指单词意义的一部分，显示语法概念或关系，如单词的词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词)、名词的单复数意义、动词的时态意义和屈折形式(forget，forgets，forgot，
37、forgotten，forgetting)。一个词的语法意义只有当其用于实际语境中才变得重要。本题中“tables，men，potatoes”都是名词的复数形式，因此，它们具有相同的语法意义。答案为 B。15.Stylistic features of words include the following except _. A. formal B. literary C. argumentative D. slang（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 文体特征包括“正式、非正式、书面语、古语和俚语”，通常将文体分为：正式、中性和非正式。答案为 C。16.The word “_“
38、 is an illustrative example of concatenation. A. neck B. board C. candidate D. harvest（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 词义从单义向多义发展遵循两种模式：辐射型和连锁型。辐射型以原始意义为中心，从原始意义发展而来的次要意义就像射线那样四处散去，意义之间互不关联，但都可追踪到核心意义。neck一词是个很好的例子。其原始意义为“(人或动物连接头和身体的)颈，脖子”。由此派生出：衣服的领圈；作为食物的动物的脖子，如羊脖子；像脖子一样的物体，如小提琴的指板(the neck of a violin)；任
39、何东西，如瓶子、土地、海峡等的最细部分。连锁型是词义发生关联变化的过程。在这个过程中，一个词的词义逐渐从原始意义连续转化，如 candidate 这个词：white robed(穿白色长袍的)；office seeker in white gowns(穿着白袍的公职求职者)；a person who seeks an office(求职者)；a person proposed for a place, award, etc. (候选人)。答案为 C。17.Based on the degree of _, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect ho
40、monyms, homographs and homophones. A. intensity B. property C. similarity D. variety（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 根据相类似的程度，同形同音异义词又可分为 3 类：完全同形同音异义词、同形异音异义词和同音异形异义词。答案为 C。18.Complete synonyms are identical both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning, including _ and associative meanings. A. conceptual
41、 B. perceptual C. eventual D. actual（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 绝对同义词是意义完全相同的词，也就是说，语法意义、词汇意义(包括概念意义和关联意义)都完全相同。这种同义词在使用中是可以互换的。绝对同义词在自然语言中是极少的。答案为 A。19.Degradation can be illustrated by the following example _. A. lewdignorant B. sillyfoolish C. lustpleasure D. knaveboy（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 lewd 一词的原
42、义就是。ignorant(无知的)，lust 的原义是 pleasure(快乐)，knave 的原义是 boy(男孩)，而 silly 的原义是“高兴”而现义变为“愚蠢”，属于词义的降格。答案为 B。20.As far as transfer is concerned, the phrase “loud colours“ falls into the category of transfer _. A. from concrete to abstract meanings B. from abstract to concrete meanings C. through association
43、D. of sensations（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 词义的转移是指原先指某一事物的词后来转而指另一事物的演变过程。有一种是感觉之间的转移，如 clear sounding(从视觉到听觉的转移)，loud colour(从听觉到视觉的转移)，sweet music(从味觉到听觉的转移)。答案为 D。21.The so-called “Kings English“ serves as a _ reason in word-meaning change. A. historical B. cultural C. class D. psychological（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 语言就像一面镜子，反映人类社会存在的一切现象，自然也反映了社会各阶级的言语和态度，语言也就随之产生了社会差异。所谓“国王英语”(Kings English)就是一个很好的例子。答案为C。22.Based on _ context, we can determine the meaning of “do a museu
