1、英语词汇学自考题-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.In Old English there was _ agreement between sound and form. A. more B. little C. less D. gradual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Basic words are characterized with _. A. polysemy B. collocability C. productivity D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The w
2、ords like decor, bazaar, status quo are _. A. denizens B. aliens C. translation-loans D. semantic-loans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The _ is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. A. Germanic B. Balto-Slavic C. Indo-European D. Indo-Iranian（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Modern English is de
3、rived from the language of early _ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.American English like to use _. A. creation B. reviving archaic or obsolete words C. semantic change D. borrowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.There are _ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red,
4、 collection. A. one B. two C. three D. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8._ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes. A. Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Bound morphemes include _ and affix. A. stem B. root C. bound root D.
5、 prefix and suffix（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Words produced through affixation constitute _ of all the new words. A. 20% to 30% B. 30% to 40% C. 40% to 50% D. 10% to 20%（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11._ is the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. A. Prefixation B. Derivation C. S
6、uffixation D. Compounding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: _ and _. A. clipping; blending B. compounding; conversion C. conversion; derivation D. prefixation; suffixation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Motivation accounts for conn
7、ection between the linguistic symbol and _. A. its meaning B. its sound C. its form D. none of the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The information about the word class of a word is part of its _ meaning. A. lexical B. grammatical C. central D. derived（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.By _ motivation, we mean that the me
8、aning of a word is related to its origin. A. onomatopoeic B. morphological C. semantic D. etymological（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But _, all words are related in one way or another. A. linguistic
9、ally B. semantically C. grammatically D. pragmatically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of _. A. word formation B. word meaning C. meaning change D. sense relations（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.“Teacher/student“ are _. A. contradictory antony
10、ms B. relative antonyms C. contrary antonyms D. hyponyms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _. A. butcherone who kills goats B. journalperiodical C. companionone who shares bread D. allergictoo sensitive to medicine（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.A “boor“ was merely a “pea
11、sant“ and now means a “rude, ill-mannered person“, which belongs to _ of word meaning. A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman. “, the word “respectable“ is used in the _ sense of transfer. A. subj
12、ective B. objective C. sensational D. physical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.In a narrow sense, context refers to _. A. words B. clause C. sentence D. linguistic context（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.“Paper“ in “a white paper“ mean “_“. A. essay written at the end of the term B. government document C. newspaper D. a set
13、of questions used as an exam（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The sentence “I like Mary better than you. “ is ambiguous due to _. A. extra-linguistic context B. lexical context C. grammatical context D. homonymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally _. A. movable B.
14、unstable C. unchangeable D. ununderstandable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.Which of the following is not one of the types of idioms?_ A. Sentence idioms. B. Idioms adverbial in nature. C. Clausal idioms. D. Idioms nominal in nature.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Which of the following is not one aspect of the rhetorical
15、features of idioms?_ A. Phonetic manipulation. B. Lexieal manipulation. C. Syntactical manipulation. D. Figures of speech.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Collins COBUILD English Usage(1992), is a(n) _ dictionary. A. unabridged B. desk C. specialized D. encyclopedic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29._ contain much more encyclo
16、pedic information in the main body. A. American dictionaries B. British dictionaries C. Neither A or B D. Both A and B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.In the definitions, _ are all in full sentences, the most readable of its kind. A. CCELD B. LDCE C. CED D. none of the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B(总题数：10，分数：15.00)3
17、1.As far as the origins of the words are concerned, English words can be classified into native words and 1 words.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_32.Old English was the combination of three 1 dialects which were used between 4,50 and 1150.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_33.Morphemes which are identical with root words are consider
18、ed to be 1 morphems.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_34.De-, dis-, un- are 1 prefixes.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_35.Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_36. 1 refers to the relationship that the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word
19、.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_37. 1 is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_38.“Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Ms. Mary, for example, speaks five languages.“ We know the meaning of “polyglot“ by a(n) 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_
20、39.Many idioms are semantically 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_40. 1 created an extra column arranged alongside the definition.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_三、B(总题数：5，分数：15.00)41.denizens（分数：3.00）_42.Old English（分数：3.00）_43.blending（分数：3.00）_44.extension of meaning（分数：3.00）_45.idioms（分数：3.00）_四、B(总题数：4，分数：20.00)46.How do you
21、account for the role of native words in English in relation to loan-words?（分数：5.00）_47.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the types of meaning. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses verbs and stylistic features of words.（分数：5.00
22、）_48.Exemplify the various sources of homonyms.（分数：5.00）_49.What are the characters of idioms?（分数：5.00）_五、B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)50.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. a laconic description What does “laconic“ mean? Which kind of motivated word is it? Why?（分数
23、：10.00）_51.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. Study the following sentence. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve it. The fish is ready to eat.（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题-15 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.In Old Engli
24、sh there was _ agreement between sound and form. A. more B. little C. less D. gradual（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 在英语的早期即古英语中口语和书面语形式比今天的现代英语更趋于一致。答案为 A。2.Basic words are characterized with _. A. polysemy B. collocability C. productivity D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 基本词汇具有下列明显的特点：全民性、稳定性、能产性、多
25、义性和搭配性。答案为 D。3.The words like decor, bazaar, status quo are _. A. denizens B. aliens C. translation-loans D. semantic-loans（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 非同化词是仍保留原来发音和拼写形式的词，也就是说，仅从发言和拼写形式我们便可看出这些词是外来词。如 dcor(舞台装置，法语)，bazaar(市场，波斯语)，status quo(现状，拉丁语)等。选项分别为 denizens(同化词)，aliens(非同化词)，translation-loans(译借词
26、)，semantic-loans(借义词)。答案为 B。4.The _ is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. A. Germanic B. Balto-Slavic C. Indo-European D. Indo-Iranian（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 印欧语系包括欧洲的大多数语言、近东诸语言和印度语。选项分别为 Germanic(日耳曼语族)，Balto-Slavic(波罗的海-斯拉夫语族)，In-do-European(印欧语族)，Indo-Iranian(印
27、度-伊朗语族)。答案为 C。5.Modern English is derived from the language of early _ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 古英语时期指 450 至 1150 年，继古罗马人之后，盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特 3 个日耳曼部落大批入侵英伦三岛，并很快永久性地控制了全岛，这些岛后来改称英格兰(盎格鲁人之岛)。现在人们一般把盎格鲁-撒克逊语称为古英语，它属于早期日耳曼部落。答案为 D。6.American English like to use
28、_. A. creation B. reviving archaic or obsolete words C. semantic change D. borrowing（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 复活古词和废弃词对整个英语词汇来说虽然影响不大，但确实是一种发展方式，美国英语尤其喜用这一方式。如 loan(借贷)作及物动词在 13 世纪十分流行，后来此义就废弃不用了，而由 lend代替，但 loan 的这一用法却在美国英语中复活了。答案为 B。7.There are _ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red
29、, collection. A. one B. two C. three D. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 bird，man，red，collection 四词中，bird，man，red 都是由单个的自由词素构成，因此这三个都是自由词素(free morpheme)，而 collection 由 2 个词素构成(collect+ion)，因此属于粘附词素(bound morpheme)。答案为 C。8._ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes. A.
30、 Free roots B. Free morphemes C. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 不能独立成词的词素叫粘附词素。之所以叫粘附词素是因为它们要粘附在别的词素上才能构成词，粘附词素主要出现在派生词里。选项分别为 free roots(自由词根)，free morphemes(自由词素)，bound morphemes(粘着词素)，meaningful units(意义单位)。答案为 C。9.Bound morphemes include _ and affix. A. stem B. root C
31、. bound root D. prefix and suffix（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 不能独立成词的词素叫粘附词素。之所以叫粘附词素是因为它们要粘附在别的词素上才能构成词。粘附词素有两类：粘附词根和词缀。答案为 C。10.Words produced through affixation constitute _ of all the new words. A. 20% to 30% B. 30% to 40% C. 40% to 50% D. 10% to 20%（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 现代英语中的词汇扩展主要依靠构词法，然而最为多产的构词
32、方式有词缀法、复合法和转类法。通过词缀法产生的词占据新词总数的 30%至 40%；复合法产生的新词占 28%至 30%；转类法提供了新词汇的 26%。答案为 B。11._ is the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. A. Prefixation B. Derivation C. Suffixation D. Compounding（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 词缀法可以定义为通过给词干加构词词缀或派生词缀构成新词的一种构词方法。用这种方法构词叫派生构词。答
33、案为 B。12.According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: _ and _. A. clipping; blending B. compounding; conversion C. conversion; derivation D. prefixation; suffixation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 根据词缀在词中的位置，可将词缀法分为前缀法和后缀法。答案为 D。13.Motivation accounts for co
34、nnection between the linguistic symbol and _. A. its meaning B. its sound C. its form D. none of the above（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 词义理据讨论的是语言符号和意义之间的联系。词的形式与意义的关系是约定俗成的、任意的，然而，有些英语词汇的形式和意义在某种程度上是有一定逻辑上的解释性。答案为 A。14.The information about the word class of a word is part of its _ meaning. A. lexical B.
35、 grammatical C. central D. derived（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 Grammatical meanings refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of world, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional form
36、. 语法意义是指单词意义的一部分，显示语法概念或关系，如单词的词性，动词的时态意义和屈折形式。答案为 B。15.By _ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin. A. onomatopoeic B. morphological C. semantic D. etymological（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 很多词的意义经常与其来源直接相关。换言之，词的历史解释了其意义。例如，现在人们用 pen(笔)指代任何书写工具，尽管其最初意指“羽毛”。这是因为在现代钢笔被创造之前
37、，羽毛普遍地用作书写工具。尽管现代社会的人不再在书写中使用羽毛，但为了方便起见，这个名字仍保留下来。所有由专有名词普通化生成的词都能根据其来源进行解释。答案为 D。16.Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But _, all words are related in one way or another. A. linguistically B. semantically C. grammatically
38、 D. pragmatically（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 词就其外部方面的拼写和发音而言是具有任意性的符号和独立的单位。但在语义上，所有的词都是彼此相关的。一个与其他词相关联的词是在语义上与它们相关的，因而有了语义关系。答案为B。17.Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of _. A. word formation B. word meaning C. meaning change D. sense relations（分数：1.00）A.B
39、.C.D. 解析：解析 语义场通常被认为是语义关系的组成部分。答案为 D。18.“Teacher/student“ are _. A. contradictory antonyms B. relative antonyms C. contrary antonyms D. hyponyms（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 它们属于表示相互关系的反义词(relative terms)，如 parent/child(父母/子女)等。答案为 B。19.Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _. A. butchero
40、ne who kills goats B. journalperiodical C. companionone who shares bread D. allergictoo sensitive to medicine（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 词义的扩大也称普遍化，是指词的意义的扩展。这是一个词的词义从表达某一专门意义转化到表示概括意义的过程。也就是说，词义扩展，开始涵盖了更多的意义，比原有概念的范围更大了。journal 原义为 daily paper(日志)，扩展义为 periodical(学报)，属于 extension(词义的扩大)。其他选项均是原义。答案为 B。
41、20.A “boor“ was merely a “peasant“ and now means a “rude, ill-mannered person“, which belongs to _ of word meaning. A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 一个词的原义为褒义色彩，经过语义变化，变为含有贬义意义的词，这种变化叫降格，即degradation。许多在中世纪表示普通人的词现在已带有贬义。boor 原义为“农民”，现降格为“粗鲁的人”。答案为 D。21.In
42、 the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman. “, the word “respectable“ is used in the _ sense of transfer. A. subjective B. objective C. sensational D. physical（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 词义的变化除了词义扩大、缩小、升格和降格四种方式外，还有一种是词义的转移。词义的转移是指原先指某一事物的词后来转而指另一事物的演变过程。词义转移主要包括：联想转移、抽象名词和具体名词的
43、转移、主观意义的词和客观意义的词的转移等。本题中“respectable(值得尊敬的)”属于客观意义转移。答案为 B。22.In a narrow sense, context refers to _. A. words B. clause C. sentence D. linguistic context（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 语境的含义有多种。狭义上讲，语境是指一个词所在的词群、从句和句群环境，这称为语言环境，可以包括一个段落、一个章节，甚至整个一本书。答案为 D。23.“Paper“ in “a white paper“ mean “_“. A. essay written at the end of the term B. government document C. newspaper D. a set of questions used as an exam（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 词汇语境是指与讨论中的词一起出现的单
