1、2007 年天津外国语学院英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Michelangelo was the greatest sculptor of the sixteenth century. We admire the products of his genius but we less frequently pause to consider the magnitude of the tasks he undertook, the problems he encountered, and even
2、failureshe may have suffered.（分数：2.00）A.huge sizeB.large amountC.magnificenceD.hardships2.He sat there for many days in meditation , opening himself up to the truth.（分数：2.00）A.solaceB.boredomC.silenceD.contemplation3.He had a legendary ability to judge the quality of a block of marble; it was even s
3、aid that he could see the figure imprisoned in it and all he would do was to release it.（分数：2.00）A.fabulousB.legitimateC.imprudentD.unreal4.He told them he had never turned the gods into ridicule , as he knew it was wrong to make fun of anything which others considered sacred.（分数：2.00）A.miracleB.sil
4、ly imageC.loud hollerD.inappropriate icon5.“Well, that“s just one of the scientific creeds about the origin of life,“ I explained, “but nobody knows the absolute facts.“（分数：2.00）A.predictions based on prior knowledgeB.beliefs or principlesC.myths that do not really existD.anticipations that scientis
5、ts hold6.“When we first invested in the digital network setup, many people found it hard to understand what we were doing because the investment involved several hundred million Yuana large sum of money by anyone“s standards.“ The presumption is that each installed household would eventually pay a f
6、ee of 200 Yuan per year.（分数：2.00）A.hypothesis that is taken for grantedB.immediate resultC.adjustment to the new environmentD.mandatory requirement7.In a competitive sector, understanding and implementing valuable content in the midst of technological innovation may eventually give TBI and like-mind
7、ed media companies wider profit margins.（分数：2.00）A.with mutual respectB.equally powerfulC.similar in operational strategiesD.sharing financial and human resources8.In a survey of nine random middle school students, none could name any participants in the youth competition.（分数：2.00）A.chosen with deli
8、berationB.chosen without any definite plan or orderC.chosen with carefulnessD.chosen carelessly9.The Chinese version of Meetic is planning to screen its customers by imposing a relatively high membership charge.（分数：2.00）A.enlarge the number ofB.prevent from swarming inC.examine closelyD.adopt select
9、ively10.The Beijing Olympic security command center set up a control center for the softball championship, which had subdivisions in charge of the security of the competition venues , athletes“ accommodations, traffic and other areas.（分数：2.00）A.the box where all the VIPs stayB.The playground for com
10、petitionC.the setting where the competition takes placeD.the sports hall that the players and spectators go11.The Ministry of Science and Technology also said in July that an independent watch-dog will be created to scrutinize the use of research funds.（分数：2.00）A.criticize with biasB.justify with ev
11、idenceC.provide with assistanceD.examine with great care12.Manual dexterity may be compromised by arthritis, affecting ability to grasp, manipulate and maneuver objects.（分数：2.00）A.skillsB.clumsinessC.adroitnessD.twitch13.The most revered god in Chinese mythology is the dragon, which played an import
12、ant role in ancient worship.（分数：2.00）A.feared with spiritB.aspired with a desireC.respected with reasonsD.adored with awe14.In the past eight years, IKEA only opened three outlets, while its rival B besides they wanted the meat. It made me vaguely uneasy. I had no intention of shooting the elephantI
13、 had merely sent for the rifle to defend myself if necessaryand it is always unnerving to have a crowd following you. I marched down the hill, looking and feeling a fool, with the rifle over my shoulder and an ever-growing army of people jostling at my heels. At the bottom, when you got away from th
14、e huts, there was a metalled road and beyond that a miry waste of paddy fields a thousand yards across, not yet ploughed but soggy from the first rains and dotted with coarse grass. The elephant was standing eight yards from the road, his left side towards us. He took not the slightest notice of the
15、 crowd“s approach. He was tearing up bunches of grass, beating them against his knees to clean them and stuffing them into his mouth. I had halted on the road. As soon as I saw the elephant I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to shoot him. It is a serious matter to shoot a working elephan
16、tit is comparable to destroying a huge and costly piece of machineryand obviously one ought not to do it if it can possibly be avoided. And at that distance, peacefully eating, the elephant looked no more dangerous than a cow. I thought then and I think now that this attack of “must“ was already pas
17、sing off; in which case he would merely wander harmlessly about until the mahout came back and caught him. Moreover, I did not in the least want to shoot him. I decided that I would watch him for a little while to make sure that he did not turn savage again, and then go home. But at that moment I gl
18、anced round at the crowd that had followed me. It was an immense crowd, two thousand at the least and growing every minute. It blocked the road for a long distance on either side. I looked at the sea of yellow faces above the garish clothesfaces all happy and excited over this bit of fun, all certai
19、n that the elephant was going to be shot. They were watching me as they would watch a conjurer about to perform a trick. They did not like me, but with the magical rifle in my hands I was momentarily worth watching. And suddenly I realized that I should have to shoot the elephant after all. The peop
20、le expected it of me and I and got to do it; I could feel their two thousand wills pressing me forward, irresistibly. And it was at this moment, as I stood there with the rifle in my hands, that I first grasped the hollowness, the futility of the white man“s dominion in the East. Here was I, the whi
21、te man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowdseemingly the leading actor of the piece; but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind. I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom tha
22、t he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the natives and so in every crisis he has got to do what the “natives“ expect of him. He wears a mask, and his face
23、grows to fit it. I had got to shoot the elephant. I had committed myself to doing it when I sent for the rifle. A sahib has got to act like a sahib; he has got to appear resolute, to know his own mind and do definite things. After reading each of the following questions, choose the ONE correct answe
24、r, and indicate it by writing down the letter that stands for it. In all questions only ONE answer is correct. This is stressed in some questions, but remember that the rule applies to all of them.（分数：40.00）(1).The essential point of the story is that_.（分数：2.00）A.Orwell regretted the streak of cruel
25、ty that had led him to shoot an elephantB.Orwell, as an official, had to defend the Burmese crowd by shooting the elephantC.a foreign ruling class has to behave in the way that the conquered natives expect it to behaveD.circumstances can lead menas they led Orwell in this storyto carry out more extr
26、eme actions than were necessaryE.members of a crowd react more emotionally than individuals do.(2).When the Burmans told him that the elephant was in the paddy fields below they were passing on_.（分数：2.00）A.accurate informationB.vague rumourC.a surprising new factD.what they thought would please Orwe
27、llE.information that might make Orwell more willing to shoot elephant(3).“Practically“(L. 3)means_.（分数：2.00）A.almostB.as a sensible actionC.in a practical mannerD.quiteE.exactly(4).When Orwell says that the Burmans “flocked“(L. 3)to follow him he suggests that they were_.（分数：2.00）A.in a violent hurr
28、yB.keen to do the same as everyone elseC.in a panicD.eager to be of helpE.genuinely alarmed(5).“Ravaging“(L. 5)means_.（分数：2.00）A.plunderingB.ruiningC.damagingD.devastatingE.anxious(6).“Unnerving“(L. 9)means making him_.（分数：2.00）A.weakB.enervatedC.irresoluteD.depressedE.uprooting(7).When the crowd fi
29、rst began to follow Orwell(L. 3)he felt_.（分数：2.00）A.embarrassedB.worriedC.surprisedD.frightenedE.amused(8).“Jostling“(L. 10)means_（分数：2.00）A.touchingB.strugglingC.pushingD.joggingE.converging(9).Which ONE of the following words could be used to describe the paddy fields(L. 11-12)?（分数：2.00）A.arableB.
30、well-drainedC.infertileD.neglectedE.hard(10).A careful reading of L. 14-15 shows that though the elephant was tearing the grass violently, his real motive in beating it against his knees was to_.（分数：2.00）A.knock the soil and dirt offB.frighten the crowdC.hurt his own knees as an angry gestureD.satis
31、fy his instinctsE.eat quickly before he was recaptured(11).Which ONE of the following arguments against shooting the elephant is not mentioned by Orwell?（分数：2.00）A.The elephant reacted calmly to the crowd“s approachB.It was worth a great deal of money to its owner.C.Its attack of temporary frenzy wa
32、s passing away.D.It looked as though one could still class it as domesticated.E.It deliberately avoided eating the growing rice.(12).“Garish“(L. 25)means_（分数：2.00）A.showyB.gaudyC.vulgarD.colorfulE.cheap(13).“Grasped“(L. 31)means_（分数：2.00）A.clutchedB.comprehendedC.discoveredD.acceptedE.resented(14).T
33、here was “hollowness“ and “futility“(L. 31)in the Europeans“ rule of Burma because _.（分数：2.00）A.their power was decliningB.they were less powerful than they seemedC.they were compelled to act in a traditional wayD.their rule was unproductive and ineffectualE.foreign rulers never really understood th
34、e genuine needs of native subjects(15).All the following words are used literally with the ONE EXCEPTION of_（分数：2.00）A.miry(L. 11)B.perfect(L. 16)C.blocked(L. 24)D.sea(L. 25)E.futility(L. 31)(16).The Burmese crowd followed Orwell(L. 27-28)because it was _.（分数：2.00）A.afraid of the elephantB.eager to
35、do what everyone else was doingC.impressed by his powers of leadershipD.cruel and keen to kill the elephantE.fascinated to see what would happen next(17).Orwell felt like a puppet because he_.（分数：2.00）A.resembled a conjurer about to perform a trickB.was a victim of the crowd“s mass hysteriaC.was afr
36、aid of being laughed atD.was doing what the crowd wanted him to doE.felt he was appearing in front of an audience(18).Which ONE of the following statements about Orwell“s change of mind is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.He armed himself with a rifle in case the elephant was more dangerous than he expected.B.Th
37、e fact that the crowd followed him made him less sure what to do.C.As soon as he saw the elephant he realized it was dangerous.D.At a later point in time he decided to watch the elephant for a short time and then go away.E.He finally decided he must kill the elephant because the crowd expected him t
38、o.(19).Which ONE of the following words does NOT make us aware of Orwell“s hesitation and his unwillingness to disappoint the crowd?（分数：2.00）A.unnerving(L. 8)B.halted(L. 15)C.glanced(L. 23)D.seemingly(L. 32)E.committed(L. 38)(20).“A sahib has got to act like a sahib“(L. 39)means that a British civil
39、 servant in Asia_.（分数：2.00）A.always had to do what his own class expected him to doB.won the respect of the natives if he played to the gallery and acted dramaticallyC.could never appear to change his mind in publicD.had to put a bold face on eventsE.always needed to act cruelly三、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：20.00
40、)Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds“ to come in blinding 1or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the 2on a piece of cheese and get the idea for 3there and then. He experimented with 4substances for nin
41、e years before he made his 5. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they 6. The 7is that the players who score most are the ones who take th
42、e most shots at the goaland so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The 8difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work 9on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as
43、 fanciful 10, professional innovators see as solid possibilities? （分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_翻译【F1】 It was this rarest and greatest of endowments which kept his vivid imagination and great speculative powers within due bounds; which compelled him
44、to undertake the prodigious labors of original investigation and of reading, upon which his published works are based; which made him accept criticisms and suggestions from anybody and everybody, not only without impatience, but with expressions of gratitude sometimes almost comically in excess of t
45、heir value, 【F2】 which led him to allow neither himself not others to be deceived by phrases and to spare neither time nor pains in order to obtain clear and distinct ideas upon every topic with which he occupied himself. One could not converse with Darwin without being reminded of Socrates. There w
46、as the same desire to find some one wiser than himself; the same belief in the sovereignty of reason; the same ready humor; the same sympathetic interest in all the ways and works of men. 【F3】 But instead of turning away from the problems of Nature as hopelessly insoluble: our modern philosopher dev
47、oted his whole life to attacking them in the spirit of Heraclitus and of Democritus. with results which are the substance of which their speculations were anticipatory shadows. None have fought better, and none have been more fortunate, than Charles Darwin. 【F4】 He found a great truth trodden underf
48、oot, reviled by bigots, and ridiculed by all the world: he lived long enough to see it. chiefly by his own efforts, irrefragably. established in science, inseparably incorporated with the common thoughts of me. and only hated and feared by those who would revile, but dare not. What shall a man desir
49、e than this? Once more the image of Socrates rises unbidden, and the noble peroration of the “Apology“ rings in our ears as if it were Charles Darwin“s farewell: “The hour of departure has arrive, and we go our waysI to die and you to live. Which is the better, God only knows.“（分数：8.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).【F2】（分
