1、2010 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：168.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Are you tempted to trade in your mobile phone every time a new model comes out, upgrade your 1every year or part-exchange your car as 2as the shine wears off? If 3, you could be suffering from neophilia(喜新成癖): Literally, th
2、e love of the 4“ Suffering“ is a bit of a stretch, since most of us are neophiliacs to some 5It is the curse of our consumerist culture or a 6if you“re a manufacturer or advertiser. But is it doing any real harm? Actually, yes. Neophilia is at the 7of the growing problem of hazardous waste in the US
3、 and other 8countries. More than 100 million of mobile phones were 9in the US last year, along with tens of millions of computers. It“s a 10story for electronic games, monitors, televisions and other IT 11Many of these are made of toxic materials containing heavy 12such as lead, zinc, chromium, cadm
4、ium and mercury. What“s more, our enthusiasm for new products is encouraging what the writer Giles Slade calls “planned obsolescence“the tendency of 13to artificially limit the useful lifespan of their products, so consumers will soon have to 14them. Who exactly qualifies 15a neophiliac? Colin Campb
5、ell, a sociologist at the University of York, UK, and one of the first to 16into the phenomenon, defines three types. The first, 17as“Pristinians“ , have an almost pathological desire for things that are pristine and fresh. They replace furniture, clothes, even the living-room carpet at the first 18
6、of wear, often with identical models. The second group are the“trailblazing consumers“who seek cutting-edge innovations and technologies, a demographic 19mostly of young men. The third and most common type are the 20of fashion, the fickle consumers who succumb to the lure of advertising.（分数：40.00）填空
7、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：2.00)2.Translation from English into Chinese.(30 points) London responded to terrorist attack on July 7th in true Blitz style: rescuers were heroic
8、, and ordinary citizens showed compassion and fortitude. Or so the politically correct version goes. A report this week from the London Assembly takes a sterner line. In fact, ratios failed to work, medical supplies were lacking, some ambulances arrived inexplicably late and traumatized people were
9、left to wander off. This is the third official report into the bombs on tube and bus that killed 56 people last year and injured hundreds more. In May the Home Office offered a“ narrative “of events but cast blame only on the terrorists. A parliamentary investigation concluded that the intelligence
10、services, stretched thin, had done their best. The London Assembly“s take on the matter will not satisfy those who want an independent public inquiry. But it has, at least, got beneath the gloss. The response to the July 7th bombings was chaotic, and in ways that ought to have been preventable. The
11、emergency services had no coherent plan in place to care for those who survived, the report suggests. But most crippling were the communication failures. Police, ambulance workers and firefighters were unable to talk to each other underground; only the radios of the transport police worked in the tu
12、nnels. The emergency services had to reply on runners to pass information to and from disaster areas. Yet a report on a big fire at King“s Cross tube station had drawn attention to precisely the problem in 1988. Communications above ground were not much better. Rescue workers competed with bewildere
13、d bystanders for access to overloaded mobile-phone networks. The City of London Police, for its part, asked one wireless operator to favor certain rescue workers by limiting service for ordinary users. Earlier, a body headed by the Metropolitan Police had decided this was unnecessary. Richard Barnes
14、, who chaired the assembly“s July 7th review committee, says the report is not meant to disparage the work of the rescuers but rather to fix the problems they encountered. Almost a year later, the situation has barely improved: a new digital radio network for London“s underground, for example, is ru
15、nning behind schedule. The assembly plans new hearings in November to hold various feet to the fire.（分数：2.00）_写作3.Is society“s admiration for famous people beneficial or harmful? Write an essay of no less than 200 words to give your opinions on it.（分数：2.00）_四、选择题(总题数：60，分数：120.00)4.Anyone who has a
16、sore throat should_from alcohol.（分数：2.00）A.detainB.abstainC.sustainD.pertain5.The teacher was_ of his duty.（分数：2.00）A.neglectB.neglectfulC.negligentD.pertain6.Hopes of finding the missing climbers are now beginning to_.（分数：2.00）A.reduceB.fadeC.faintD.dim7.The football match was televised_from the Wo
17、rker“s Stadium.（分数：2.00）A.aliveB.lifeC.liveD.lively8.George Ball_malaria when he was touring Mexico.（分数：2.00）A.confidedB.contractedC.recitedD.flattered9.The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of income has increased _, and is coming to increase.（分数：2.00）A.substantia
18、llyB.successfullyC.succinctlyD.sufficiently10.The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to_ students“ enthusiasm in learning English.（分数：2.00）A.hold backB.hold offC.hold downD.hold over11.Telecommuting is a new form of work_to work, such as fathers with children, the chance to
19、 work while remaining at home.（分数：2.00）A.that affording those unable previouslyB.affords those who were previously unableC.affording those previously unableD.afforded those previously unable12.The_of “snake“is simply this; a legless reptile with a long, thin body.（分数：2.00）A.connotationB.denomination
20、C.donationD.denotation13.And the topic “fat“is forbidden. Even the slightest pouch betrays that one is losing the trim and _of youth.（分数：2.00）A.vagueB.vigorC.vogueD.vulgar14.Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has _ Germany“s Touring Car Championship.（分数：2.00）A.con
21、queredB.contestedC.dominatedD.determined15.The boy could not_himself to the failure; he did not believe that was his lot.（分数：2.00）A.submitB.commitC.transmitD.permit16.We were discussing the housing problem when a middle-aged man_and said, “ There“s no point in talking about impossibilities. “（分数：2.0
22、0）A.intersectedB.interjectedC.penetratedD.adulterated17.It is agreed that all nations should take measures against terrorism on the basis of the UN _and other international laws.（分数：2.00）A.CharterB.ConstitutionC.ConcordanceD.Custody18.He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss,
23、he decided that a 5% raise would have to_.（分数：2.00）A.sufficeB.satisfyC.gratifyD.delight19.He displayed a complete lack of_and tact in dealing with his employers.（分数：2.00）A.tenacityB.curiosityC.civilityD.hostility20.Pirated compact disks and floppy disks remained the second biggest vehicles for the s
24、pread of computer viruses despite the governments“ determined efforts to_software piracy.（分数：2.00）A.boostB.quashC.cruseD.restrict21.Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum _ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.（分数：2.00）A.cursedB.echoedC.bouncedD.hailed22.A luxury
25、 express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northern Railway spokesman, the death_is expected to rise.（分数：2.00）A.figureB.tollC.spanD.yield23.Some disputes among these countries are_by history.（分数：2.00）A.left overB.turned overC.hand
26、ed overD.taken over24.Widely acknowledged A as a great and important playwright, Eugene O“Neill brought to the United States stages B it was probably C its first really serious D drama .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.25.It is perhaps not an exaggeration A to say we shall soon B be trusting our health, wealth and
27、happiness to elements with C whom very names the general public D are unfamiliar.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.26.Whenever we A hear of a natural disaster, B even in a distant part of the world, we feel C sympathy for the people D to have affected .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.27.Her research indicates A what many adults ro
28、utinely subscribe B to some form of what the scholar C calls “the magical law of D contagion “.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.28.A To be measured in terms of its members, teaching is B the world“s biggest profession . Though the roles and functions of teachers vary C from country to country , the variations are g
29、enerally greater within a country than D they are between countries.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.29.Recent reform efforts A have been focused on encouraging lifelong or recurrent education to meet B changing individual and social need. Thus, not only C the number of students has increased , D but the scope of e
30、ducation has also expanded.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.30.Most of the changes A occurred in patterns of family planning B had taken place before public family services were established and at C considerable emotional and physical costs D of many couples .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.31.Mr. A Jacobs , who immigrated to a c
31、ountry B which was known for its business opportunities, always wanted his partners, C of whom my father was one , to continue the firm D which started .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.32.A A great many teachers B firmly believe that English is one of C the poorest-taught subjects in high schools D at present .（分数
32、：2.00）A.B.C.D.33.A Marta being B chosen as the C most outstanding student on her campus D made her parents happy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.34.Jacques-Yves Cousteau A has estimated that B only one third to one half as many fish and other forms of marine life C live in the oceans now D that lived there twenty
33、years ago.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.35.The Hocanes A appear B friendly and peaceful , C but they are deeply suspicious of D another tribes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.36.A In the diet of B most Northern Europeans, the potato is a C more usual source of starch D as rice.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.37.He thought A that the aim B of
34、 philosophy C was to discover the good, D beautiful and the true.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.38.The more complex a subject A becomes , the B better necessary it is to C break it up into a number of parts D which the reader can visualize.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.39.A Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars
35、 to run B on alternative C fuels , the cars won“t catch on in a big way D when drivers can fill them up at the gas station.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.40.A As long as poor people, who in general are colored, are B in conflict with richer people, who in general are C lighter D skin , there“s going to be a const
36、ant racial conflict in the world.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.41.Unless those currently workingboth men and womenA would be given the B necessary training for somewhat higher positions, unemployment in general will become C increasingly more serious as automation D continues .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.42.Those part-time
37、 students expected to A offer some jobs B on campus C during the D coming summer vacation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.43.All personnel will be required to A undergo special sensitivity training programs B prior to leaving C for aboard in order to be prepared D against culture shock.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.44._ was ex
38、ecuted in the Civil War of England.（分数：2.00）A.James IB.James IIC.Charles ID.Charles II45.The capital of Australia is_.（分数：2.00）A.SidneyB.VictoriaC.CanberraD.Perth46.The Tories were the forerunners of_, which still bears this nickname today.（分数：2.00）A.the Liberal PartyB.the Conservative PartyC.the La
39、bor PartyD.the Social Democratic Party47.William and Mary jointly accepted_and were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey, the age of constitutional monarchy began.（分数：2.00）A.Bill of RightsB.Great CharterC.Magna CartaD.Declaration of Independence48._began in the early 20th century as a type of music
40、of black Americans.（分数：2.00）A.JazzB.Country musicC.Rap musicD.Rock and Roll49.Queen Elizabeth I was Queen of England during the period from_.（分数：2.00）A.1066 to 1089B.1819 to 1901C.1558 to 1603D.1981 to 198950.“American 2000: An Education Strategy “was issued by President_in 1991.（分数：2.00）A.CarterB.R
41、eaganC.BushD.Kennedy51.The longest river in Britain is_.（分数：2.00）A.The Severn RiverB.The ThamesC.River ClydeD.Loch Ness52.James I was a King of the_dynasty.（分数：2.00）A.PlantagenetB.TudorC.WindsorD.Stuart53.The English Reformation began with_.（分数：2.00）A.Mary TudorB.Elizabeth IC.VictoriaD.Henry VIII54.
42、The following were the founding fathers to the American Republic except_.（分数：2.00）A.Thomas JeffersonB.John AdamsC.John LockeD.George Washington55.British recorded history begins with_.（分数：2.00）A.the Roman invasionB.the arrival and settlement of CeltC.the Norman ConquestD.Viking and Danish invasion56
43、.The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the U. K. is_.（分数：2.00）A.The Court of SessionB.The House of LordsC.The High CourtD.The Court of Appeal57._ is now one of the two official languages in New Zealand.（分数：2.00）A.FrenchB.MaoriC.DutchD.Spanish58.The most central function of the Congr
44、ess is to_in the U. S.（分数：2.00）A.carry out executive ordersB.make investigationsC.pass lawsD.appoint officials59.The National Health Service was established in the U. K. in_.（分数：2.00）A.1958B.1948C.1988D.196860.In the government system of the U. S. and the U. K. , the safeguards against misuse of pow
45、ers come in the form of_.（分数：2.00）A.presidential electionsB.executive ordersC.party politicsD.separation of powers61._is the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the U. S.（分数：2.00）A.BlacksB.HispanicsC.WASPsD.Indians62._was the first Archbishop of Canterbury who was remarkably successful in con
46、verting the British king and the nobility to Christianity.（分数：2.00）A.St. PatrickB.St. DavidC.St. GeorgeD.St. Augustine63.If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he/she will take the examination called_.（分数：2.00）A.General Certificate of Education-A levelB.General Certificate of Secondary E
47、ducationC.the Common Entrance ExaminationD.General National Vocational Qualifications五、简答题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)64.Answer the Following Questions.(20 points)Religious difference has been a constant source of various conflicts both in the past and present of the UK. Discuss this issue based on the historical events.（分数：2.00）_65.Give two examples to show the kind of political intolerance in the U
