1、2011年南开大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.assonance（分数：2.00）_2.transcendentalism（分数：2.00）_3.medieval romances in England（分数：2.00）_4.foot（分数：2.00）_5.humanism（分数：2.00）_二、分析题(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 6 are based on the following poem by Emily Dickinson. Because I Cou
2、ld not Stop for Death Because I could not stop for Death He kindly stopped for me The Carriage held but just Ourselves And Immortality.We slowly droveHe knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his CivilityWe passed the School, where Children strove At Recessin the Ring We
3、 passed the Fields of Gazing Grain We passed the Setting SunOr rather, He passed Us The Dews drew quivering and chill For only Gossamer, my Gown My tippetonly tulleWe paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground The Roof was scarcely visibleThe Cornicein a GroundSince then“ tis centuri
4、esand yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the horses“ heads Were toward Eternity.（分数：12.00）(1).Why did Death stop for me?（分数：2.00）_(2).Why couldn“t I stop for Death?（分数：2.00）_(3).What did the Death“s carriage hold?（分数：2.00）_(4).What three things did the speaker and Death pass?（分数：2.00）_(
5、5).What is the “House“ in the ground in Stanza 5? Why do the centuries seem shorter than the Day?（分数：2.00）_(6).What is the theme of the poem?（分数：2.00）_Questions 7 to 10 are based on the letter written by Samuel Johnson to the Earl of Chesterfield.To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield Febru
6、ary 7, 1755 My Lord:I have been lately informed by the proprietor of the World, that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the public, were written by your Lordship. To be so distinguished is an honor which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to
7、 receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.When, upon some slight encouragement, I first visited your Lordship, I was overpowered, like the rest of mankind, by the enchantment of your address; and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre; that I might
8、obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending; but I found my attendance so little encouraged that neither pride nor modesty would suffer me to continue it. When I had once addressed your Lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can
9、possess. I had done all that I could; and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected, be it ever so little.Seven years, my Lord, have now passed since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repulsed from your door, during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties of which
10、it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor. Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a patron before.The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with love, and found h
11、im a native of the rocks.Is not a patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help? The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labors, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed
12、till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not want it. I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received, or to be unwilling that the public should consider me as owing that to a pat
13、ron, which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to any favorer of learning, I shall not be disappointed though I should conclude it, if less be possible, with less; for I have been long wakened from that dream of hope, in which I onc
14、e boasted myself with so much exultation, my Lord,Your Lordship“s most humble, most obedient servant, Sam. Johnson（分数：8.00）(1).Why did Johnson first visit Lord Chesterfield? What was Johnson“s impression of Lord Chesterfield and how was he treated?（分数：2.00）_(2).How does Johnson define a patron?（分数：2
15、.00）_(3).In the letter, Johnson wrote “The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with love, and found him a native of the rocks. “ What does the sentence mean?（分数：2.00）_(4).How does Johnson feel about the notice Lord Chesterfield had taken of his work after he had finished his Dictionary? What
16、is the real purpose of Johnson“s letter?（分数：2.00）_2011年南开大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.assonance（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Assonance is a figure of repetition in which different words with the same or similar vowel sounds occuring successively in words with different con
17、sonants; two or more words with similar vowel sounds sandwiched between different consonants.)解析：2.transcendentalism（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Transcendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early-to-middle 19th century. It spo
18、ke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. It placed emphasis on spirit, regarding it as the most important thing in the Universe. It also stressed the importance of the individual, seeing nature as symbolic of the spirit of God. Its doctrines found their greatest
19、literary advocates in Ralph Emerson and Henry Thoreau. Emerson“s Nature has been called the “ Manifesto of American Transcendentalism“. Thoreau embarked on a two-year experiment of transcendentalism doctrines around the shore of Walden and then wrote the experience in his famous Walden.)解析：3.medieva
20、l romances in England（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Romance is a style of heroic prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval. Originally, the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures of kings, queens, knights, and including unlikely or
21、supernatural happenings. The most famous medieval romances in England are those of Arthur, such as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Marlory“s Le Morte D“ Arthur.)解析：4.foot（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：The foot is the basic metrical unit that generates a line of verse in most Western traditions of poetry.
22、The unit is composed of syllables, the number of which is limited, with a few variations, by the sound pattern the foot represents. The most common feet in English are the iamb, trochee, dactyl, and anapest.)解析：5.humanism（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Humanism is a term generally applied to the predominant so
23、cial philosophy and intellectual and literary currents of the period from 1400 to 1650. The return to favor of the pagan classics stimulated the philosophy of secularism, the appreciation of worldly pleasures, and above all intensified the assertion of personal independence and individual expression
24、.)解析：二、分析题(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 6 are based on the following poem by Emily Dickinson. Because I Could not Stop for Death Because I could not stop for Death He kindly stopped for me The Carriage held but just Ourselves And Immortality.We slowly droveHe knew no haste, And I had put away My la
25、bor, and my leisure too, For his CivilityWe passed the School, where Children strove At Recessin the Ring We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain We passed the Setting SunOr rather, He passed Us The Dews drew quivering and chill For only Gossamer, my Gown My tippetonly tulleWe paused before a House tha
26、t seemed A Swelling of the Ground The Roof was scarcely visibleThe Cornicein a GroundSince then“ tis centuriesand yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the horses“ heads Were toward Eternity.（分数：12.00）(1).Why did Death stop for me?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Death appears personified in this poem
27、 as a courtly beau who gently insists that the speaker put aside both “labor“ and “leisure“. He arrives in his carriage , having stopped for her because she could not have stopped for him.)解析：(2).Why couldn“t I stop for Death?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：The poem suggests that Death is not meant to be an en
28、dhuman existence will go on for Eternity. Death gives way to Immortality, and thus, even if she had wanted to, the speaker could not have stopped for Death. The grave is merely a brief pause on the journey toward Eternity.)解析：(3).What did the Death“s carriage hold?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Death“s carria
29、ge held Death, the speaker and Immortality.)解析：(4).What three things did the speaker and Death pass?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：They passed a school, fields of gazing grain, and the setting sun. The school represents her youth, the fields is her maturity of adulthood; and the setting sun is her old age.)解析
30、：(5).What is the “House“ in the ground in Stanza 5? Why do the centuries seem shorter than the Day?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：(1)The house is a grave or a crypt. (2)The experience of Death is a moment that is longer than several centuries. In this process of Death, she gets to know herself as well as the
31、world better. Therefore, this process is a lasting and unforgettable one. On the other hand, once she is in her eternal resting place and becomes immortal, time will become meaningless.)解析：(6).What is the theme of the poem?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Mortality is probably the major theme in this poem. It“s
32、 all about the speaker“s attitude toward her death and what the actual day of her death is like. Dickinson paints a picture of the day that doesn“t seem too far from the ordinary. The speaker isn“t scared of death at all, and seems to accept it. She thinks that death is a way toward Eternity.)解析：解析：
33、【诗歌译文】 因为我不能够停下等死 因为我不能够停下等死 他为我停下，友善和气 四轮马车只载着我俩 和永生。 我们慢慢而行一一他知道无需急促， 而我也挥去了 我的工作和安逸， 因为他的彬彬有礼 我们经过学校，值课间休息 孩子们围成一圈打逗游戏 我们经过农田凝望五谷 我们经过落日 确切地说是他经过我们 那雾水引来了冷颤和寒气 因我的衣服仅为纤细的薄纱织物 我的披肩不过是绢网 我们停于一幢建筑物前 它看上去好似一片地面隆起 那屋顶几乎看不见 屋檐也低于地面 自那以后若干个世纪 却似乎短于那一天的光阴， 我第一次猜测到那马头 是朝向永恒之地Questions 7 to 10 are based on
34、 the letter written by Samuel Johnson to the Earl of Chesterfield.To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield February 7, 1755 My Lord:I have been lately informed by the proprietor of the World, that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the public, were written by your Lordship.
35、To be so distinguished is an honor which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.When, upon some slight encouragement, I first visited your Lordship, I was overpowered, like the rest of mankind, by the enchantment of you
36、r address; and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre; that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending; but I found my attendance so little encouraged that neither pride nor modesty would suffer me to continue it. When I had onc
37、e addressed your Lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess. I had done all that I could; and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected, be it ever so little.Seven years, my Lord, have now passed since I waited in your outward
38、 rooms, or was repulsed from your door, during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties of which it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor. Such treatment
39、I did not expect, for I never had a patron before.The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with love, and found him a native of the rocks.Is not a patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help?
40、The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labors, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not want it. I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess oblig
41、ations where no benefit has been received, or to be unwilling that the public should consider me as owing that to a patron, which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to any favorer of learning, I shall not be disappointed though I s
42、hould conclude it, if less be possible, with less; for I have been long wakened from that dream of hope, in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation, my Lord,Your Lordship“s most humble, most obedient servant, Sam. Johnson（分数：8.00）(1).Why did Johnson first visit Lord Chesterfield? What was Johnson“s
