1、2012 年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：212.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：40，分数：80.00)1.Not knowing a foreign language is a(n)_to enjoying travel abroad.（分数：2.00）A.barrierB.opponentC.challengeD.limitation2.He_the driver who was attempting to pass for the accident.（分数：2.00）A.accusedB.chargedC.blamedD
2、.criticized3.A copyright protects authors and creators against_reproduction or use of writings and other original works of authorship for the life of the author plus 50 years.（分数：2.00）A.underminedB.unduplicatedC.unexpiredD.unauthorized4.Some teachers_their students poor performance partially to a la
3、ck of intelligence.（分数：2.00）A.oweB.contributeC.attributeD.minister5.Many buildings here do not allow smoking; some will permit smoking only in_areas.（分数：2.00）A.designatedB.designedC.dedicatedD.descended6.The President_the public that taxes would not be increased after the election.（分数：2.00）A.ensured
4、B.insuredC.assuredD.secured7.The police are investigating how $ 20 million was illegally_out of the bank account.（分数：2.00）A.transformedB.transferredC.transmittedD.transplanted8.I know that if I start watching soap opera I will immediately become hopelessly_to it.（分数：2.00）A.excitedB.addictedC.interes
5、tedD.fascinated9.Most drugstores and big supermarkets have pharmacy(药房)department where the pharmacist will fill your_.（分数：2.00）A.presentationB.prepositionC.preservationD.prescription10.Many problems have_as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.（分数：2.00）A.risenB.arisenC.raisedD.aroused1
6、1.The peach tree they planted when they got married began to_fruit last year.（分数：2.00）A.makeB.growC.bearD.enjoy12.Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be _from school.（分数：2.00）A.inducedB.disobeyedC.expelledD.forbidden13.The man was sentenced to 10 y
7、ears in prison because he_a government official.（分数：2.00）A.bribedB.cheatedC.liedD.tricked14.As a lawyer, she has a high success_in the cases she handles.（分数：2.00）A.paceB.rateC.ratioD.percent15.After_research by a government council official confidently stated that this area of the sea is much safer
8、than any other.（分数：2.00）A.partialB.absoluteC.extremeD.extensive16.The top floors of a building collapsed trapping a construction worker in the rubble(瓦砾), but he was_and can speak to rescuers.（分数：2.00）A.reasonableB.awakeC.consciousD.talkative17.The latest research seems to_that emotional maturity an
9、d self-knowledge is the key elements for success.（分数：2.00）A.implyB.confrontC.inquireD.encounter18.Although the nuclear radiation problems remain unsolved, the governments emphasis has been_from unclear to coal.（分数：2.00）A.attachedB.switchedC.locatedD.intended19.He is by no means a(n)_man. On the cont
10、rary, he always departs from customs.（分数：2.00）A.intelligentB.ignorantC.traditionalD.disgraceful20.In many Middle Eastern cultures, deadline is taken as a(n)_and such business behavior may lose the overseas salesperson business.（分数：2.00）A.insultB.campaignC.favorD.competition21.Apartments owned by bus
11、iness often have a fixed price, but private owners are more inclined to_.（分数：2.00）A.negotiateB.surrenderC.coordinateD.mediate22.Dr. Hamiltonian was only going to make some introductory remarks, but_giving the speech himself when the speaker came down with the flu.（分数：2.00）A.set upB.turned upC.ended
12、upD.come up23._telephone service provides immediate access to related personnel, which is free of charge.（分数：2.00）A.ImmediateB.EmergencyC.EmergenceD.Emerging24.More than two parties in different locations can talk_via a conference call.（分数：2.00）A.singularlyB.mutuallyC.similarlyD.simultaneously25.Nev
13、er talk about that restaurant in front of me. It is_satisfactory.（分数：2.00）A.nothing butB.anything butC.something butD.everything but26.We were all_by the riddle “ Why Bob and Tom are not twins though they have the same parents and were born almost at the same time?“.（分数：2.00）A.distortedB.detachedC.b
14、reachedD.baffled27.Dont keep us in_any longer. Tell us what happened so that we can give you a hand.（分数：2.00）A.suspenseB.doubtC.suspectD.suspicion28.Ive been very lazy but Im going to turn over a new_and work hard.（分数：2.00）A.pageB.leafC.paperD.piece29.You have to speak to her louder as her hearing i
15、s found to be slightly_.（分数：2.00）A.affectionateB.defensiveC.effectiveD.defective30.Only a person with a pair of keen eyes could pick out those_paintings from these unwanted materials.（分数：2.00）A.valuelessB.worthlessC.pricelessD.featureless31.On weekends, people are queuing in the supermarket to_for t
16、here are only a few cashes.（分数：2.00）A.check onB.check upC.check inD.check out32.If you dont_cooking today, we can go out to eat at the new restaurant.（分数：2.00）A.go offB.feel likeC.try outD.take up33.Do you_her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?（分数：2.00）A.classifyB.notifyC.simplif
17、yD.justify34.He suggested transporting the goods by air. This is absolutely not_, for it will cost too much.（分数：2.00）A.genuineB.exclusiveC.practicalD.incredible35.It will be worth the effort even if you fail; the rewards you_will be great.（分数：2.00）A.reapB.boastC.assureD.cultivate36.I wish to_a maste
18、rs degree in electric engineering after I graduate from college.（分数：2.00）A.pledgeB.exploreC.pursueD.approach37.The people were very happy to see the government taking measures to_the possibility of inflation.（分数：2.00）A.maintainB.facilitateC.encloseD.eliminate38.The investigation_evidence of a large-
19、scale illegal trade in wild birds.（分数：2.00）A.uncoveredB.outweighedC.overwhelmedD.evolved39.Mothers tend to be too_towards their children. They should let them see more of the world.（分数：2.00）A.hopefulB.protectiveC.modestD.considerate40.No other drugs are as good as this one; it must have been based o
20、n a(n)_formula.（分数：2.00）A.uniqueB.stimulatingC.enormousD.overwhelming二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Marriage therapists teach a skill called active listening. Each partner takes a turn listening then interprets what he/she has heard and validates(证实)it. There is, however, a problem. It rarely
21、 works. For 80 percent of couples, active listening is too hard. Even happy couples have screaming matches. Every time you raise a hot-button issue, such as the in-laws or money, does your husband suddenly clam up？ More than 80 percent of the time, it is the wife who brings up tricky marital issues,
22、 while the husband tries to avoid discussing them. This isnt a symptom of a troubled marriage its true in most happy marriages. Youll often hear that staying in a bad marriage is worse, for everybody concerned especially the children than getting divorced. That may be true if your home is so full of
23、 hostility that its like a war zone. But sociologist Linder J. Waite says she has found that 75 percent of couples who rated their marriages as miserable but stayed married were happy five years later. We usually think the strongest marriages are those that survive major traumas, such as bankruptcy
24、or an extramarital affair. But frequently, dealing with the little things, those daily annoyances, eats away at a marriage. “Every couple experiences disappointment as initial romance and passion fade and they discover all their difference,“ says Wolin. “He doesnt do enough housework. She is too emo
25、tional. He watches too much TV. Shes too lenient(宽容)with the kids. People think of these differences as problems, but theyre actually opportunities to build marital muscles.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about active listening?（分数：2.00）A.Active listening has proven to be a little i
26、mpractical.B.A majority of couples dont practice active listening.C.Active listening doesnt ensure happy marriages.D.Happy couples never shout at each other.(2).The phrase “clam up“(Line 5. Para. 1)probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.shut upB.get upC.show upD.cheer up(3).We know from Paragraph 1 that the aut
27、hor thinks that a happy marriage_.（分数：2.00）A.is always full of romance and passionB.requires the tolerance of the husbandC.may not be free of quarrels and fightsD.excludes the discussion of sticky martial issues(4).What is implied in the passage about divorce in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A bad marriage
28、 should and up in divorce to avoid further harmB.Divorce is not the best solution to bad marriage.C.Most couples get divorced for the sake of their children.D.Divorce is much better than suffering in a bad marriage.(5).Whats the main idea of the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Daily annoyances can do harm
29、 to marriages.B.Marriage is not for romance and passion.C.Differences are essential for happy marriages.D.Surviving major misfortunes help strengthen marriages.Ground-level ozone is an air pollutant that causes human health problems even at very low levels. It also damages crops and other vegetation
30、. It is a key ingredient of urban smog. “Good ozone“ occurs naturally in the stratosphere approximately 10 to 30 miles above the earths surface and forms a layer that protects life on earth from the suns harmful rays. “Bad ozone“ is formed in the earths lower atmosphere, near ground level, when poll
31、utants emitted by cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources react chemically in the present of sunlight. Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer months when the weather conditions needed to form ground-level ozone lots of sun, hot temperatures norm
32、ally occur. The length of ozone season varies from one area of the United States to another. Southern and southwestern states may have an ozone season that lasts nearly the entire year. Ozone can irritate lung airways and cause inflammation much like sunburn. Other symptoms include wheezing, coughin
33、g, pain when taking it deep breath, and breathing difficulties during exercise of outdoor activities. People with respiratory problems are most vulnerable, but even healthy people who are active outdoors can be affected when ozone levels are high. Repeated exposure to ozone pollution for several mon
34、ths may cause permanent lung damage. Anyone who spends time outdoors in the summer is at risk, particularly children and other people who are active outdoors. Even at very low levels, ground-level ozone triggers a variety of problems including aggravated asthma, reduced lung capacity, and increased
35、susceptibility to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis. Ozone damage can occur without any noticeable signs. People who love in areas where ozone levels are frequently high may find that their initial symptoms go away overt time particularly when exposure to high ozone levels continue
36、s for several days. Ozone continues to cause lung damage even when the symptoms have disappeared.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Bad zone comes into existence in the Earths upper atmosphere.B.Good zone appears in the Earths lower atmosphere, near grou
37、nd-level.C.Bad zone only damages crops and other vegetation.D.Ground-level ozone is made up of pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, and so on.(2).It can be learned from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.Urban smog mainly consists of “good ozone“B.Bad ozone protects us from the suns harmful ultraviol
38、et raysC.Ozone pollution is especially harmful to peoples health in summerD.The states in the North and Northwest of the U. S may have the longest ozone season(3).What does the word “vulnerable“(Line 3, Para. 3)most probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Hard to deal with.B.Harmful and dangerous.C.Easy to be hurt
39、 or affected.D.Hot in temper and hard to calm down.(4).According to the passage, ground-level ozone causes the following health problem EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.stomach cancerB.more serious asthmaC.decreased lung capacityD.pneumonia and bronchitis(5).We can see that the passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）
40、A.good ozone and its function of protecting peopleB.ozone pollution and its effects on peoples healthC.the measures mat Southern states of the U. S. should take against ozone pollutionD.how people with respiratory problems should protect themselves from ozone pollutionSchool buildings themselves can
41、 reflect liberal or conservative views about what should go on in a classroom. The earliest schools built to accommodate large numbers of children had separate classrooms for graded groups. The rooms were laid out formally, with pupils desks bolted to the floor in straight rows facing the teachers d
42、esk. Clearly, the school itself reflected a teacher-and subject-centered view of education. Schools of the next generation, built after 1940, were lighter and airier and had more open space, and most had movable desks. They also often provided special rooms or areas for science, art, music, and phys
43、ical education. There were still separate rooms for different grade levels, however, and the desks still were likely to be formally arranged in straight, rows. That is, the schoolroom was still largely designed to implement the old school program, which involved grade levels, uniform time blocks, un
44、iformity of instruction, and absorption of subject matter. Newer subjects, not newer teaching methods, accounted for most of what was new in school design. The first school buildings specifically to facilitate liberal teaching methods began to appear in the mid-1950s. Folding interior walls or no wa
45、lls at all permitted the flexible use of space to encourage large-group, small-group, or individual instruction. Some provided carrels for individual study, areas designed for team teaching, centers for programmed instruction and a language laboratory. In the newest buildings called open schools the
46、 use of space is even more flexible. Since so much of the space is undifferentiated, areas within the buildings can be readily expanded, converted to accommodate program changes, and used for many kinds of functions. As a reflection of a conservative or liberal attitude toward education, the physica
47、l layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative or liberal teaching practices. But it cannot determine what those practices will be. It may be difficult for a conservative teacher to operate in a physically open classroom or for liberal teacher to operate in formal classroom. But i
48、t is not impossible. What determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative, in terms of the education the students receive, is the spirit and attitude of the teacher.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The physical layout of school buildings can reflect liberal
49、or conservative views about education.B.The physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative or liberal teaching practices.C.The spirit and attitude of the teachers determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative.D.The development of school buildings reflects the improvement in education q
