1、2013年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：174.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Building trust among key stakeholders is a strategic concern for any corporation. Today, 1companies seek to improve their reputations, they can“t ignore the environment. These issues are not only top of mind among consumers
2、but also 2by almost half of the survey respondents as an area in which corporations have a negative impact on society 3they pollute and otherwise damage 4ecosystems. Each company must analyze what role environmental issues and climate change can and should 5in its strategies. For some, building trus
3、t among 6and seizing an important business opportunity can 7hand in hand. A packaged-goods company that introduces smaller containers 8of recycled pulp products, for example, not only stands to benefit from lower materials and transportation 9but also visibly contributes to the reduction of 10gas em
4、issions. But many corporations would be wrong to focus almost all of their societal efforts 11environmental issues and to forget about 12that are important in their industries. In retailing, for example, our consumer research suggests that 13such as reducing energy consumption and 14environment-frie
5、ndly products are important for winning credibility as a socially responsible 15The most burning issue for this industry, 16, is the way global retailers treat their employees, so companies should address that one as 17 Indeed, when asked which specific area would be most effective if large corporat
6、ions wanted to raise their overall 18, 19 percent of consumers said that companies should improve the benefits and conditions of 19employees, 17 percent that they ought to become more environmentally 20.（分数：40.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
7、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、选择题(总题数：60，分数：120.00)2.She had to exercise all her_to prevent clashes between the two opinionated guests.（分数：2.00）A.tacksB.tacticsC.tartsD.thinks3.His_behavior shows that he“s honest, but he seems rude to some people.（分数：2.00）A.foreheadB.degener
8、ateC.forthrightD.forming4.The right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of race, color, or previous condition of_.（分数：2.00）A.simulationB.solitudeC.seclusionD.servitude5.Doubt and mistrust could creep into our lives, _personal and professional relationships.（分数：2.00）A.conve
9、rtingB.correspondingC.consolingD.corroding6.Dramatic literature often_the history of a culture in that it takes as its subject matter the important events that have shaped and guided the culture.（分数：2.00）A.confoundsB.repudiatesC.recapitulatesD.anticipates7.Contrary to the popular conception that it
10、is powered by conscious objectivity, science often operates through error, happy accidents, _and persistence in spite of mistakes.（分数：2.00）A.factB.controlsC.hunchesD.deductions8.Compared with their parties, politicians are _: they are considerably less enduring than the organizations in which they f
11、unction.（分数：2.00）A.ubiquitousB.autonomousC.transitoryD.fickle9.Researchers_that genes may determine the strength of the immune system, which could help explain how an infectious disease could have a hereditary link.（分数：2.00）A.evaluateB.estimateC.speculateD.anticipate10.The writer has gained such pop
12、ularity with his readers that even his inanities are now considered（分数：2.00）A.trenchantB.vacuousC.speculativeD.allusive11.The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval_ natural settings had been _ and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed withou
13、t trepidation.（分数：2.00）A.fear of.exorcisedB.concerns about.regainedC.affection for. surmountedD.disinterest in. alleviated12.The river was_with industrial waste from the nearby factory.（分数：2.00）A.irradiatedB.corruptedC.contaminatedD.fragmented13.Nonviolent demonstrations often create such tensions t
14、hat a community that has constantly refused to_its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices can no longer be_.（分数：2.00）A.acknowledge.ignoredB.decrease.verifiedC.tolerate.acceptedD.address.eliminated14.In order to be successful in life, one needs to_ in spite of life“s challenges.（分数：2.00
15、）A.perpetuateB.persevereC.preserveD.pretend15.Despite the fact that the book promises a complete rethinking of the factors contributing to the conflict, the picture that the book paints is_: the causes it suggests are more orthodox than_.（分数：2.00）A.unique. innovativeB.commonplace. imitativeC.controv
16、ersial.radicalD.familiar.revisionist16.The belief that science destroys the arts appears to be supported by historical evidence that the arts have_only when the sciences have been_.（分数：2.00）A.declined.attackedB.flourished.neglectedC.matured. unconcernedD.succeeded. developed17._. Scholars hold diffe
17、ring opinions. Some trace the roots of Chicanos in the United States all the way back to the earliest migrations across the Bering Strait. Others start with Aztec society to demonstrate the historical continuities between contemporary Chicanos and their Aztec ancestors. A third group identifies the
18、“Spanish Borderlands“ period(1540 - 1820)as the earliest phase of Chicano history.（分数：2.00）A.When does Chicano history begin?B.There is continuing interest in Chicano history.C.Chicano history has fascinated scholars for many years.D.Few are concerned about setting a precise date for the origin of C
19、hicano history.18.Many Easterners think that all California college students surf every day, wear sunglasses indoors as well as outdoors(even on rainy days), and mingle with the superstars daily. _. A recent survey of students on a large, urban CSU campus revealed that only 2 percent had surfed, and
20、 although 40 percent did wear sunglasses, 15 percent of those were doing so on their doctors“ recommendations. As for the superstars, barely 10 percent had met a Hollywood actor.（分数：2.00）A.The possibilities of such stereotypes are endless.B.Stereotypes, however, are often misleading.C.Probably both
21、Easterners and Californians would like to fit all of those stereotypes.D.Most California students do live up to those enviable stereotypes.19.Accompanying the article on humor were pictures of a leering Groucho Marx and a grinning Sigmund Freud, one a brilliant humorist and the other a brilliant ana
22、lyst whose own study of humor has been largely ignored. The unlikely pair attracted readers to the article, whose author made two major points. Serious studies of humor are rarely undertaken. _.（分数：2.00）A.Comics would urge us to laugh, not soberly to study laughter.B.What a joke a Freudian analysis
23、of the Marx Brothers would have been.C.The studies that are made are rarely taken seriously.D.Freud was interested in all aspects of the human mind.20.Another area that technology is changing our way of life is entertainment. _. People listened to music in concert halls or at small social gatherings
24、. For many people now however, music is a solitary experience.（分数：2.00）A.Entertainment was once an activity enjoyed by a group of people.B.The changes in entertainment is only one casein point.C.Music was once favored by many people, old and young.D.Music, for instance, was once a group experience.2
25、1.As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging. _. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too.（分数：2.00）A.And scientists found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on
26、average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age.B.But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good h
27、ealth.C.What“s more, animals eating low-calorie diet survived longer than those eating normally, which means that the maximum life span increased.D.In addition, studies with monkeys demonstrated that calorie-restricted monkeys have lower blood pressure and a decreased likelihood of heart disease.22.
28、A So on that perfect October morning, I stopped Carlos and said, B point-blank , “It doesn“t seem to C bother youD to be short , I mean. “（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.23.A What is limiting the realization of the opportunity B are the absence of relevant ideals C in the minds of the people D who are using and de
29、veloping and innovating these technologies. “（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.24.Bernstein and his colleagues A assembled a group of B liberally-minded citizens from Boulder and a separate group of C conservatives from Colorado Springs D to discuss climate change, same-sex civil unions, and affirmative action.（分数：2
30、.00）A.B.C.D.25.A garden is A an extension of oneself or selvesand so it B has to be an arena C where striving does not cease, but continues D in other means .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.26.Only the gardener A is capable of endlessly reviving B so much hope that this year, C regardless of drought, flood, typhoo
31、n, or his own stupidity, this year D is going to do it right!（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.27.A Unless a journalist for a major paper or TV network is found B to have run a false storyperhaps because it was “C too good to check “then his or her career D is generally over .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.28.A As it is , though,
32、 I cannot deny that when April comes I find myself B go out to lean on the fence and look at that miserable plot of land, C resolving with all my rational powers D not to plant it again.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.29.There was the A highly regarded foreign correspondent who won a prize for articles B which inc
33、luded an interview with a top Taleban official C who turned out D not exist at all.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.30.But then, A both through some mistakes or lack of care, the plant began B to wither and decline , and C nothing I did D would bring it back to health.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.31.This most important measure
34、ment A has omitted in the studies of the quality of education in this country, the only one, I think, B that extends C even to children the license to freely speak, write and D be creative .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.32.The No Child Left Behind law, which A marks its sixth anniversary next month, is the first
35、 federal effort B to hold all public K-12 schools accountable C to the performance of D their students .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.33.If that kind of thing A had happened when I B had been young , the whole village would have condemned C such an ungrateful son , and his father D would surely have given him a
36、good beating.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.34.He A sat in front of the young people, his dusty face B masking his age , C dressed in a plain brown suit that did not D fit for him .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.35.A By studying geometry, students B can learn C what to develop logical arguments D through deductive reasoning.（分
37、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.36.So he could not resist the temptation to A play a little joke on the education system, which B had been thrown into C such a panic by the D successfully launching of the Russian Sputnik.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.37.Schools must A meet their annual goals for all students and those same goals
38、 for specified student subgroups, B includes members of racial and ethnic minorities, C economically disadvantaged students , English-language learners, and children with D disabilities .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.38.Although Interact A has the capacity to bring people together, B too often the associations f
39、ormed online C comprising self-selecting groups with little diversity of opinion, D explains the Frankfurter professor of law.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.39.If more students A are thriving in higher education, high schools must B not only help them earn good grades in demanding courses, but also C step up thei
40、r work to guide them through the difficult process of D choosing and applying to colleges.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.40.Evolution A is always about competition, but for humans, B with Darwin speculated , competition among groups C has turned us into pretty cooperative, empathetic and altruistic creaturesD at
41、least within our families, groups and sometimes nations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.41.The new approach A challenges the new atheists, who B see themselves involve in a war of C reason against faith and who have an unwarranted faith in the power of pure reason and D in the purity of their own reasoning.（分数：2.0
42、0）A.B.C.D.42._is the hometown of Shakespeare?（分数：2.00）A.StratfordB.LondonC.LiverpoolD.Edinburgh43._is a Democratic president of the U. S.（分数：2.00）A.Theodore RooseveltB.George W. BushC.Bill ClintonD.Abraham Lincoln44.The 9/11 Attacks were a series of four coordinated suicide attacks upon the United S
43、tates in the New York City and the Washington D.C.areas in September of_.（分数：2.00）A.2000B.2001C.1999D.199845.Wimbledon tennis tournament is held in_each summer.（分数：2.00）A.the U.K.B.the U.S.C.CanadaD.Australia46.The highest office in the judiciary in the U. K. is_.（分数：2.00）A.the Lord ChancellorB.the
44、Prime ministerC.the Secretary of StateD.the Queen47.The _ grew up within the relative economic prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s, who created the counterculture of the 1960s.（分数：2.00）A.Generation XersB.Generation YersC.Baby BoomersD.Generation Zers48.Queen Victoria was the Monarch of the U. K. durin
45、g the period from_.（分数：2.00）A.1066 tol089B.1837 to 1901C.1558 to 1603D.1981 to 198949.In the American welfare reform of 1996, AFDC was changed from an open-ended entitlement program to a block grant program called_.（分数：2.00）A.TANFB.MedicaidC.MedicareD.SSI50.Historians refer to the years between the
46、Civil War and the start of the 20th century in the U. S. history as the_, an era of industrial giants.（分数：2.00）A.Golden AgeB.Permissive AgeC.Gilded AgeD.Jazz Age51.The faith of “Devine Rights of the King“ was held by James I of the House of_.（分数：2.00）A.PlantagenetB.TudorC.WindsorD.Stuart52.The 16th
47、century English Renaissance boomed under the reign of_.（分数：2.00）A.Mary TudorB.Elizabeth IC.Henry IID.Henry VIII53.The following were the welfare benefits granted in cash in the U. S. except_.（分数：2.00）A.SSIB.TANFC.MedicaidD.Unemployment Compensations54.After_, England entered the age of Feudalism.（分数
48、：2.00）A.the Roman invasionB.the arrival and settlement of CeltsC.the Norman ConquestD.the Viking and Danish invasion55.In the U. S. _ is the language secondary only to English in terms of the number of speakers.（分数：2.00）A.FrenchB.DutchC.SpanishD.Chinese56._has/have consistently been regarded with pride by the majority of British people.（分数：2.00）A.Public housingB
