1、2015年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：94.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.Central park of New York is in places grassless and filled with trash, no longer _yet lively with the noise and vivacity of people.（分数：2.00）A.pristineB.spoiledC.squalorD.carnival2.Its true that the old road is less direct an
2、d a bit longer. We wont take the new one,_, because we dont feel as safe on it.（分数：2.00）A.somehowB.thoughC.thereforeD.otherwise3.To his inquiry if she were hurt, she made some incoherent reply_ she did not know.（分数：2.00）A.to the efficiency thatB.to the effect thatC.to the extent thatD.to the best th
3、at4.Modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place_superficial relationships_passing acquaintances.（分数：2.00）A.for; withB.with; withC./; withD.with; for5.The ancestors of all living species were the best-adapt
4、ed individuals of their day, just as future being, if natural selection is allowed to run its course, _the best-adapted individuals of today.（分数：2.00）A.will evolve toB.has evolved toC.will evolve fromD.has evolved from6.Far from_, the traveler felt so uncomfortable we hardly spoke.（分数：2.00）A.being r
5、elaxedB.relaxedC.relaxingD.having relaxed7.No hero of ancient or modern days can surpass the Indian with his lofty contempt of death and the _with which he sustains its crudest affliction.（分数：2.00）A.regardB.fortitudeC.aweD.reverence8.Such_virtues as_, hard work, and simplicity appear old fashioned t
6、hese days.（分数：2.00）A.common; parsimonyB.homely; thriftC.fundamental; prodigalityD.quaint; wantonness9.The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of paper, but as a record of_.（分数：2.00）A.organized geographical informationB.geographical organized informationC.geographically organized in
7、formationD.organizing information geographically10.The advocates of anarchy are ignoring the_such a form of government will bring with it.（分数：2.00）A.chaosB.autocracyC.republicanismD.tyranny11.The health administrative department of a city with districts shall designate at least one_medical instituti
8、on to take and treat AIDS victims and AIDS virus carriers.（分数：2.00）A.illegibleB.legibleC.eligibleD.ineligible12.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.（分数：2.00）A.to announceB.announcedC.announcingD.wa
9、s announced13.Although I am not a (n) _, I am interested in tracing the origin of English_.（分数：2.00）A.entomologist; phrasesB.graphologist; pronunciationC.archaeologist; structuresD.etymologist; words14.Those people_a general understanding of the present situation.（分数：2.00）A.lack ofB.are lacking ofC.
10、lackD.are in lack15.I was so preoccupied with the book that I was_of the surroundings.（分数：2.00）A.negligibleB.discernedC.ignorantD.oblivious16._a slight limp he seemed fit; he could run away, but not very fast.（分数：2.00）A.ExceptB.Except forC.Nothing butD.Rather than17.The outbreak of the Ebola virus i
11、n Africa could be _the poor medical apparatus, ineffective quarantine policy and unrest social conditions.（分数：2.00）A.put away toB.put back toC.put down toD.put through to18.It took us only a few hours to_the paper off all four walls.（分数：2.00）A.shearB.scrapeC.strokeD.chip19.The manager tried to wave
12、aside these issues as_details that would be settled later.（分数：2.00）A.alternateB.versatileC.preliminaryD.trivial20.She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad completely_her.（分数：2.00）A.alteredB.shiftedC.convertedD.transformed21.It displeases my parents when Richard and I stay out late every night.
13、 My parents dont approve_.（分数：2.00）A.of me and Richard staying out late every nightB.of Richard and me staying out late every nightC.of Richards and my staying out late every nightD.when Richard and me stay out late every night22.Almost as a_to the revival of Greek knowledge and values came the revi
14、val of interest in mathematics.（分数：2.00）A.corollaryB.consequenceC.outcomeD.result23._for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.（分数：2.00）A.It were notB.Werent itC.Had it not beenD.Had not it been24.Mr. Gore says the increasing_of bush fires in Australia is an example of how qui
15、ckly the climate is changing.（分数：2.00）A.viciousnessB.ferocityC.maliciousnessD.malevolence25.He knows little of global warming, _of COP 15 held in Copenhagen.（分数：2.00）A.and still lessB.as well asC.and still moreD.no less than26.We must not get away with just having this thing hang over for another fo
16、ur years and have us_ with the Arab world.（分数：2.00）A.at oddsB.in progressC.on the rocksD.on wings27.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loud noise.（分数：2.00）A.being thereB.should there beC.there wasD.there having been28._explanations, such as blaming obesity
17、on a drop in fat consumption, ignore scientific reality.（分数：2.00）A.SimpleB.SimplisticC.ComplexD.Complicated29.The news of the air crash was reported right away, but the_were not disclosed.（分数：2.00）A.causesB.reasonsC.originsD.sources30.So involved with their computers_that leaders at summer computer
18、camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.（分数：2.00）A.became the childrenB.become the childrenC.had the children becomeD.do the children become二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science, it is impos
19、sible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choice in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat a
20、nd promptly useful bits. The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have a
21、mazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of 20th century science to the human
22、 intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this,
23、we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we a
24、re making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of hum
25、an intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the author, really good science_.（分数：2.00）A.would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlig
26、htenmentB.will help people to make the right choice in advanceC.will produce results which cannot be foreseenD.will bring about disturbing results(2).It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century_.（分数：2.00）A.knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureB
27、.were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC.did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of natureD.thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned about scientists in earlier times?（分数：2.00）A.T
28、hey invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.B.They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C.They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.(4).What is the authors attitude towards science?（分数：2.
29、00）A.He is doubtful because of enormous difficulties in scientific research.B.He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.C.He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.D.He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.The historia
30、n Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier that is, the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farmin
31、g system. Not only was Turners thesis influential at the time, it was later adopted and elaborated by other scholars, such as John D. Hicks in The Populist Revolt (1931). Actually, however, new lands were taken up for farming in the United States throughout and beyond the nineteenth century. In the
32、1890s, when agrarian discontent had become most acute, 1, 100,000 new farms were settled, which was 500, 000 more than had been settled during the previous decade. After 1890, under the terms of the Homestead Act and its successors, more new land was taken up for farming than had been taken up for t
33、his purpose in the United States up until that time. It is true that a high proportion of the newly farmed land was suitable only for grazing and dry farming, but agricultural practices had become sufficiently advanced to make it possible to increase the profitability of farming by utilizing even th
34、ese relatively barren lands. The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions and consequences of international trade that occurred during the second half of the nineteenth cen
35、tury. In 1869 the Suez Canal was opened and the first transcontinental railroad in the United States was completed. An extensive network of telegraph and telephone communications was spun: Europe was connected by submarine cable with the United States in 1866 and with South America in 1874. By about
36、 1870 improvements in agricultural technology made possible the full exploitation of areas that were most suitable for extensive farming on a mechanized basis. Huge tracts of land were being settled and farmed in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and in the American West, and these areas were joined wit
37、h one another and with the countries of Europe into an interdependent market system. As a consequence, agrarian depressions no longer were local or national in scope, and they struck several nations whose internal frontiers had not vanished or were not about to vanish. Between the early 1870s and th
38、e 1890s, the mounting agrarian discontent in America paralleled the almost uninterrupted decline in the prices of American agricultural products on foreign markets. Those staple-growing farmers in the United States who exhibited the greatest discontent were those who had become most dependent on for
39、eign markets for the sale of their products. Insofar as Americans had been deterred from taking up new land for farming, it was because market conditions had made this period a perilous time in which to do so.（分数：8.00）(1).The author is primarily concerned with_.（分数：2.00）A.showing that a certain inte
40、rpretation is better supported by the evidence than is an alternative explanationB.developing an alternative interpretation by using sources of evidence that formerly had been unavailableC.questioning the accuracy of the evidence that most scholars have used to counter the authors own interpretation
41、D.reviewing the evidence that formerly had been thought to obscure a valid interpretation(2).According to the author, changes in the conditions of international trade resulted in an_.（分数：2.00）A.underestimation of the amount of new land that was being farmed in the United StatesB.underutilization of
42、relatively small but rich plots of landC.overexpansion of the world transportation network for shipping agricultural productsD.extension of agrarian depressions beyond national boundaries(3).According to the passage, which of the following occurred prior to 1890?（分数：2.00）A.Frederick J. Turners thesi
43、s regarding the American frontier became influential.B.The Homestead Act led to an increase in the amount of newly farmed land in the United States.C.Technological advances made it fruitful to farm extensively on a mechanized basis.D.Direct lines of communication were constructed between the United
44、States and South America.(4).The author implies that the cause of the agrarian discontent was_.（分数：2.00）A.masked by the vagueness of the official records on newly settled farmsB.overshadowed by disputes on the reliability of the existing historical evidenceC.misidentified as a result of influential
45、but erroneous theorizingD.overlooked because of a preoccupation with market conditions“Masterpieces are dumb,“ wrote Flaubert, “They have a tranquil aspect like the very products of nature, like large animals and mountains.“ He might have been thinking of War and Peace, that vast, silent work, unfat
46、homable and simple, provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstois simplicity is “overpowering,“ says the critic Bayley, “disconcerting,“ because it comes from “his casual assumption that the world is as he sees it. “ Like other nineteenth-century Russian writers he is “impre
47、ssive“ because he “means what he says,“ but he stands apart from all others and from most Western writers in his identity with life, which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist. He is the center of his work, but his egocentricity is of a special kind. Goethe, for example, says Bayley,
48、“cared for nothing but himself. Tolstoi was nothing but himself. “ For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction, Tolstoi and his work are of a piece. The famous “conversion“ of his middle years, movingly recounted in his Confession, was a culmination of his e
49、arly spiritual life, not a departure from it. The apparently fundamental changes that led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable, from a joyous, buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism and cynicism, from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata, came from the same restless, impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience. “Truth is my hero
