1、2015 年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 Central park of New York is in places grassless and filled with trash, no longer _yet lively with the noise and vivacity of people.（A）pristine（B） spoiled（C） squalor（D）carnival2 Its true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We wont take the new on
2、e,_, because we dont feel as safe on it.（A）somehow（B） though（C） therefore（D）otherwise3 To his inquiry if she were hurt, she made some incoherent reply_ she did not know.（A）to the efficiency that（B） to the effect that（C） to the extent that（D）to the best that4 Modern society has changed peoples natura
3、l relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place_superficial relationships_passing acquaintances.（A）for; with（B） with; with（C） /; with（D）with; for5 The ancestors of all living species were the best-adapted individuals of their day, just as future bein
4、g, if natural selection is allowed to run its course, _the best-adapted individuals of today.（A）will evolve to（B） has evolved to（C） will evolve from（D）has evolved from6 Far from_, the traveler felt so uncomfortable we hardly spoke.（A）being relaxed（B） relaxed（C） relaxing（D）having relaxed7 No hero of
5、ancient or modern days can surpass the Indian with his lofty contempt of death and the _with which he sustains its crudest affliction.（A）regard（B） fortitude（C） awe（D）reverence8 Such_virtues as_, hard work, and simplicity appear old fashioned these days.（A）common; parsimony（B） homely; thrift（C） funda
6、mental; prodigality（D）quaint; wantonness9 The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of paper, but as a record of_.（A）organized geographical information（B） geographical organized information（C） geographically organized information（D）organizing information geographically10 The advocate
7、s of anarchy are ignoring the_such a form of government will bring with it.（A）chaos（B） autocracy（C） republicanism（D）tyranny11 The health administrative department of a city with districts shall designate at least one_medical institution to take and treat AIDS victims and AIDS virus carriers.（A）illeg
8、ible（B） legible（C） eligible（D）ineligible12 Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.（A）to announce（B） announced（C） announcing（D）was announced13 Although I am not a (n) _, I am interested in tracing the
9、origin of English_.（A）entomologist; phrases（B） graphologist; pronunciation（C） archaeologist; structures（D）etymologist; words14 Those people_a general understanding of the present situation.（A）lack of（B） are lacking of（C） lack（D）are in lack15 I was so preoccupied with the book that I was_of the surro
10、undings.（A）negligible（B） discerned（C） ignorant（D）oblivious16 _a slight limp he seemed fit; he could run away, but not very fast.（A）Except（B） Except for（C） Nothing but（D）Rather than17 The outbreak of the Ebola virus in Africa could be _the poor medical apparatus, ineffective quarantine policy and unr
11、est social conditions.（A）put away to（B） put back to（C） put down to（D）put through to18 It took us only a few hours to_the paper off all four walls.（A）shear（B） scrape（C） stroke（D）chip19 The manager tried to wave aside these issues as_details that would be settled later.（A）alternate（B） versatile（C） pre
12、liminary（D）trivial20 She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad completely_her.（A）altered（B） shifted（C） converted（D）transformed21 It displeases my parents when Richard and I stay out late every night. My parents dont approve_.（A）of me and Richard staying out late every night（B） of Richard and me
13、 staying out late every night（C） of Richards and my staying out late every night（D）when Richard and me stay out late every night22 Almost as a_to the revival of Greek knowledge and values came the revival of interest in mathematics.（A）corollary（B） consequence（C） outcome（D）result23 _for your laziness
14、, you could have finished the assignment by now.（A）It were not（B） Werent it（C） Had it not been（D）Had not it been24 Mr. Gore says the increasing_of bush fires in Australia is an example of how quickly the climate is changing.（A）viciousness（B） ferocity（C） maliciousness（D）malevolence25 He knows little
15、of global warming, _of COP 15 held in Copenhagen.（A）and still less（B） as well as（C） and still more（D）no less than26 We must not get away with just having this thing hang over for another four years and have us_ with the Arab world.（A）at odds（B） in progress（C） on the rocks（D）on wings27 There is a rea
16、l possibility that these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loud noise.（A）being there（B） should there be（C） there was（D）there having been28 _explanations, such as blaming obesity on a drop in fat consumption, ignore scientific reality.（A）Simple（B） Simplistic（C） Complex（D）Complicated29 The news o
17、f the air crash was reported right away, but the_were not disclosed.（A）causes（B） reasons（C） origins（D）sources30 So involved with their computers_that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.（A）became the children（B） become the children（C） had the child
18、ren become（D）do the children become二、Reading Comprehension30 It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science, it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choice in this ma
19、tter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant a
20、bout nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ah
21、ead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill
22、 the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of igno
23、rance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, soone
24、r or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it l
25、ong enough, and pay attention.31 According to the author, really good science_.（A）would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment（B） will help people to make the right choice in advance（C） will produce results which cannot be foreseen（D）will bring about disturbing results32 It c
26、an be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century_.（A）knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature（B） were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research（C） did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature（D）thought that they knew
27、a great deal and could solve most problems of science33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned about scientists in earlier times?（A）They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.（B） They falsely claimed to know all about nature.（C） They did not believe in results from scienti
28、fic observation.（D）They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.34 What is the authors attitude towards science?（A）He is doubtful because of enormous difficulties in scientific research.（B） He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.（C）
29、 He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.（D）He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.34 The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitate
30、d by the closing of the internal frontier that is, the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system. Not only was Turners thesis influential at the time, it was later adopted and elaborated by other scholars, such as John D. Hicks in The Populist Revolt
31、 (1931).Actually, however, new lands were taken up for farming in the United States throughout and beyond the nineteenth century. In the 1890s, when agrarian discontent had become most acute, 1, 100,000 new farms were settled, which was 500, 000 more than had been settled during the previous decade.
32、 After 1890, under the terms of the Homestead Act and its successors, more new land was taken up for farming than had been taken up for this purpose in the United States up until that time. It is true that a high proportion of the newly farmed land was suitable only for grazing and dry farming, but
33、agricultural practices had become sufficiently advanced to make it possible to increase the profitability of farming by utilizing even these relatively barren lands.The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great im
34、portance of changes in the conditions and consequences of international trade that occurred during the second half of the nineteenth century.In 1869 the Suez Canal was opened and the first transcontinental railroad in the United States was completed. An extensive network of telegraph and telephone c
35、ommunications was spun: Europe was connected by submarine cable with the United States in 1866 and with South America in 1874. By about 1870 improvements in agricultural technology made possible the full exploitation of areas that were most suitable for extensive farming on a mechanized basis. Huge
36、tracts of land were being settled and farmed in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and in the American West, and these areas were joined with one another and with the countries of Europe into an interdependent market system. As a consequence, agrarian depressions no longer were local or national in scope
37、, and they struck several nations whose internal frontiers had not vanished or were not about to vanish.Between the early 1870s and the 1890s, the mounting agrarian discontent in America paralleled the almost uninterrupted decline in the prices of American agricultural products on foreign markets. T
38、hose staple-growing farmers in the United States who exhibited the greatest discontent were those who had become most dependent on foreign markets for the sale of their products. Insofar as Americans had been deterred from taking up new land for farming, it was because market conditions had made thi
39、s period a perilous time in which to do so.35 The author is primarily concerned with_.（A）showing that a certain interpretation is better supported by the evidence than is an alternative explanation（B） developing an alternative interpretation by using sources of evidence that formerly had been unavai
40、lable（C） questioning the accuracy of the evidence that most scholars have used to counter the authors own interpretation（D）reviewing the evidence that formerly had been thought to obscure a valid interpretation36 According to the author, changes in the conditions of international trade resulted in a
41、n_.（A）underestimation of the amount of new land that was being farmed in the United States（B） underutilization of relatively small but rich plots of land（C） overexpansion of the world transportation network for shipping agricultural products（D）extension of agrarian depressions beyond national bounda
42、ries37 According to the passage, which of the following occurred prior to 1890?（A）Frederick J. Turners thesis regarding the American frontier became influential.（B） The Homestead Act led to an increase in the amount of newly farmed land in the United States.（C） Technological advances made it fruitfu
43、l to farm extensively on a mechanized basis.（D）Direct lines of communication were constructed between the United States and South America.38 The author implies that the cause of the agrarian discontent was_.（A）masked by the vagueness of the official records on newly settled farms（B） overshadowed by
44、disputes on the reliability of the existing historical evidence（C） misidentified as a result of influential but erroneous theorizing（D）overlooked because of a preoccupation with market conditions38 “Masterpieces are dumb,“ wrote Flaubert, “They have a tranquil aspect like the very products of nature
45、, like large animals and mountains.“ He might have been thinking of War and Peace, that vast, silent work, unfathomable and simple, provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstois simplicity is “overpowering,“ says the critic Bayley, “disconcerting,“ because it comes from “his
46、 casual assumption that the world is as he sees it. “ Like other nineteenth-century Russian writers he is “impressive“ because he “means what he says,“ but he stands apart from all others and from most Western writers in his identity with life, which is so complete as to make us forget he is an arti
47、st. He is the center of his work, but his egocentricity is of a special kind. Goethe, for example, says Bayley, “cared for nothing but himself. Tolstoi was nothing but himself. “For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction, Tolstoi and his work are of a piece
48、. The famous “conversion“ of his middle years, movingly recounted in his Confession, was a culmination of his early spiritual life, not a departure from it. The apparently fundamental changes that led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable, from a joyous, buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism a
49、nd cynicism, from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata, came from the same restless, impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience. “Truth is my hero,“ wrote Tolstoi in his youth, reporting the fighting in Sebastopol. Truth remained his hero his own, not others, truth. Others were awed by Napoleon, believed that a single man co
