1、2016年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.He felt that the uninspiring routine of office work was too_for someone of his talent and creativity.（分数：2.00）A.prosaicB.insatiableC.exactingD.enthralling2.The museum arranged the fossils in_order, placing the older fossils
2、dating from the Late Ice Age on the first floor and the more recent fossils on the second floor.（分数：2.00）A.alphabeticalB.chronologicalC.randomD.arbitrary3.With the evolution of wings, insects were able to_to the far ecological corners, across deserts and bodies of water, to reach new food sources an
3、d inhabit a wider variety of promising environmental niches.（分数：2.00）A.relateB.disperseC.transgressD.revert4.Having recently missed out on the Matisse retrospective, which has taken Paris and New York by storm, and on the tour of great paintings from Philadelphias Barnes collection, London is becomi
4、ng_in the competition to show blockbuster international art exhibitions.（分数：2.00）A.a trend-setterB.an also-ranC.a world-beaterD.a mecca5.What most_the magazines critics is the manner in which its editorial opinions are expressed too often as if only an idiot could see things any other way.（分数：2.00）A
5、.beliesB.impedesC.rilesD.placates6.Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was single-minded and _in her strict adherence to the letter of the law.（分数：2.00）A.mercifulB.uncompromisingC.dilatoryD.vindictive7.Although he generally observed the adage “Look before you leap,
6、“ in this instance he was_acting in an unconsidered fashion.（分数：2.00）A.chary ofB.impervious toC.precipitate inD.hesitant about8.Surrounded by a retinue of sycophants who invariably_her singing, Callas wearied of the constant adulation and longed for honest criticism.（分数：2.00）A.orchestratedB.thwarted
7、C.assailedD.extolled9.There is nothing_or provisional about Moores early critical pronouncements; she deals confidently with what were then radical new developments in poetry.（分数：2.00）A.tentativeB.positiveC.dogmaticD.shallow10.She_the chance to spend a whole day with her father.（分数：2.00）A.jumped onB
8、.jumped atC.jumped withD.jumped up11.She pointed out that his resume was_because it merely recorded his previous positions and failed to highlight the specific skills he had mastered in each job.（分数：2.00）A.disinterestedB.inadequateC.conclusiveD.obligatory12.Because it was already known that retrovir
9、uses could cause cancer in animals, it seemed only_to search for similar cancer-causing viruses in human beings.（分数：2.00）A.culpableB.charitableC.hypotheticalD.logical13.Her_is always a source of irritation; she never uses a single word when she can substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.（分数
10、：2.00）A.frivolityB.verbosityC.ambivalenceD.cogency14.It is futile to try to destroy pests completely with chemical poisons, for as each new chemical pesticide is introduced, the insects gradually become_to it.（分数：2.00）A.drawnB.vulnerableC.resistantD.indifferent15.Ms. Ono rarely gives interviews beca
11、use she believes the news media have_her and treated her badly.（分数：2.00）A.publicizedB.misrepresentedC.eulogizedD.acclaimed16.Totem craftsmanship reached its_in the 19th century, when the introduction of metal tools enabled carvers to execute more sophisticated designs.（分数：2.00）A.apexB.conclusionC.an
12、tithesisD.reward17.As delicate and_as insect bodies are, it is remarkable that over the ages enough of them have _, preserved in amber, for scientists to trace insect evolution.（分数：2.00）A.beautiful; disappearedB.fragile; survivedC.impervious; multipliedD.refined; awakened18.Unfortunately, the curren
13、t Broadway season offers some _fare that sounds markedly like imitations of previous hits.（分数：2.00）A.epicB.radicalC.formulaicD.incongruous19.For those who admire realism, Louis Malles recent film succeeds because it consciously shuns the stuff of legend and tells_story as it might actually unfold wi
14、th fallible people in earthly time.（分数：2.00）A.a derivativeB.an antiquatedC.an unembellishedD.an ethereal20.Crabeater seal, the common name of Lobodon car-cinophagus, is a_, since the animals staple diet is not crabs, but krill.（分数：2.00）A.pseudonymB.misnomerC.delusionD.digression二、Reading Comprehensi
15、o(总题数：4，分数：30.00)The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, i
16、n their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition“ to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of
17、writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenbergs recent research on the cog
18、nitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. Th
19、is intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!“ experience. Fourth, some managers use
20、 intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to
21、 their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implic
22、ations of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking“ is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know“ what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in wh
23、ich managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of actio
24、n simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the p
25、assage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to_.（分数：2.00）A.speed up the creation of a solution to a problemB.identify a problemC.bring together disparate factsD.stipulate clear goals(2).The passage suggests which of the following about the “writers on management“ mentio
26、ned in Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C.They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on w
27、hat managers do.D.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.(3).Which of the following best exemplifies “an Aha! experience“ in paragraph three as it is presented in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discov
28、er whether the action changes the problem at hand.B.A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.C.A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.D.A
29、manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.(4).According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.creation of possible solutions to a problemB.establishment of clear goals to be reach
30、ed by the decisionC.action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problemD.comparison of the probable effects of different solutions to a problem(5).The passage provides support for which of the following statements?（分数：2.00）A.Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than
31、 those who rely on formal decision analysis.B.Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.C.Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D.Logical analysis of a problem increases the number of possible solutions.For some time scientis
32、ts have believed that cholesterol plays a major role in heart disease because people with familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic defect, have six to eight times the normal level of cholesterol in their blood and they invariably develop heart disease. These people lack cell-surface receptors for lo
33、w-density lipoproteins (LDLs), which are the fundamental carriers of blood cholesterol to the body cells that use cholesterol. Without an adequate number of cell-surface receptors to remove LDLs from the blood, the cholesterol-carrying LDLs remain in the blood, increasing blood cholesterol levels. S
34、cientists also noticed that people with familial hypercholesterolemia appear to produce more LDLs than normal individuals. How, scientists wondered, could a genetic mutation that causes a slowdown in the removal of LDLs from the blood also result in an increase in the synthesis of this cholesterol-c
35、arrying protein? Since scientists could not experiment on human body tissue, their knowledge of familial hypercholesterolemia was severely limited. However, a breakthrough came in the laboratories of Yoshio Watanabe of Kobe University in Japan in 1980. Watanabe noticed that a male rabbit in his colo
36、ny had ten times the normal concentration of cholesterol in its blood. By appropriate breeding, Watanabe obtained a strain of rabbits that had very high cholesterol levels. These rabbits spontaneously developed heart disease. To his surprise, Watanabe further found that the rabbits, like humans with
37、 familial hypercholesterolemia, lacked LDL receptors. Thus, scientists could study these Watanabe rabbits to gain a better understanding of familial hypercholesterolemia in humans. Prior to the breakthrough at Kobe University, it was known that LDLs are secreted from the liver in the form of a precu
38、rsor, called very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) , which carry triglycerides as well as relatively small amounts of cholesterol. The triglycerides are removed from the VLDLs by fatty and other tissues. What remains is a remnant particle that must be removed from the blood. What scientists learned
39、by studying the Watanabe rabbits is that the removal of the VLDL remnant requires the LDL receptor. Normally, the majority of the VLDL remnants go to the liver where they bind to LDL receptors and are degraded. In the Watanabe rabbit, due to a lack of LDL receptors on liver cells, the VLDL remnants
40、remain in the blood and are eventually converted to LDLs. The LDL receptors thus have a dual effect in controlling LDL levels. They are necessary to prevent oversynthesis of LDLs from VLDL remnants and they are necessary for the normal removal of LDLs from the blood. With this knowledge, scientists
41、are now well on the way toward developing drugs that dramatically lower cholesterol levels in people afflicted with certain forms of familial hypercholesterolemia.（分数：10.00）(1).In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with_.（分数：2.00）A.presenting a hypothesis and describing compelling eviden
42、ce in support of itB.raising a question and describing an important discovery that led to an answerC.showing that a certain genetically caused disease can be treated effectively with drugsD.explaining what causes the genetic mutation that leads to heart disease(2).Which of the following questions do
43、es the passage supply information to answer?（分数：2.00）A.Which body cells are the primary users of cholesterol?B.How did scientists discover that LDLs are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor?C.Where in the body are VLDL remnants degraded?D.Which body tissues produce triglycerides?(3).Ac
44、cording to the passage, by studying the Watanabe rabbits scientists learned that_.（分数：2.00）A.VLDL remnants are removed from the blood by LDL receptors in the liverB.LDLs are secreted from the liver in the form of precursors called VLDLsC.VLDL remnant particles contain small amounts of cholesterolD.L
45、DL receptors remove LDLs from the blood(4).The development of drug treatments for some forms of familial hypercholesterolemia is regarded by the author as_.（分数：2.00）A.highly probableB.interesting, but too costly to be practicalC.promising, but many years offD.extremely unlikely(5).In which of the fo
46、llowing ways does the passage imply that Watanabe rabbits differ from normal rabbits?（分数：2.00）A.Watanabe rabbits have more LDL receptors than do normal rabbits.B.The blood of Watanabe rabbits contains more VLDL remnants than does the blood of normal rabbits.C.Watanabe rabbits have fewer fatty tissue
47、s than do normal rabbits.D.Watanabe rabbits secrete lower levels of VLDLs than do normal rabbits.David Maraniss choked up when he saw the two-minute Chrysler advertisement during the Super Bowl, the annual football extravaganza, with its images of smokestacks, ice skaters and Diego Riveras “Detroit
48、Industry“ murals. Suddenly he realized how much he still cared for his birthplace, where he spent the first six and a half years of his life. So much so that he decided to write his 12th book about the city, when it was at the peak of its economic, political and cultural power. He picked the early 1
49、960s, from the autumn of 1962 to the spring of 1964. At the time Detroit was the economic engine of America. In January 1963 Life magazine published a story under the headline “Glow from Detroit Spreads Everywhere“. The factories of Ford, General Motors, Chrysler and American Motors were firing on all cylinders. The increase in women drivers, the trend towards two-car families, the rising income of the post-war baby boomers and the promise
