1、GCT 工程硕士（英语）-试卷 18 及答案解析(总分：134.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：11，分数：22.00)1.Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your
2、 answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：2.00）_2.He hoped the firm would _ him to the Paris branch.（分数：2.00）A.exchangeB.transmitC.transferD.remove3.The car _ halfway for no reason.（分数：2.00）A.broke offB.broke downC.broke upD.broke out4.The newcomers found it impossible to
3、 _ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.（分数：2.00）A.suitB.adaptC.regulateD.coordinate5.A _ to this problem is expected to be found before long.（分数：2.00）A.resultB.responseC.settlementD.solution6.Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage _.（分
4、数：2.00）A.relativelyB.actuallyC.annuallyD.comparatively7.If she doesn“t tell him the truth now, he“ll simply keep on asking her until she _.（分数：2.00）A.doesB.has doneC.will doD.would do8.The patient“s health failed to such an extent that he was put into _ care.（分数：2.00）A.tenseB.rigidC.intensiveD.tight
5、9.He _ with Smith at least four times in the past three years.（分数：2.00）A.has been seen to meetB.was seen to meetC.had been seen meetingD.is seen meeting10.No one had told Smith about _ a lecture the following day.（分数：2.00）A.there beingB.there beC.there would beD.there was11.Operations which left pat
6、ients _ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.（分数：2.00）A.exhaustedB.abandonedC.injuredD.deserted二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)12.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five question
7、s or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：10.00）_Community cancer clusters are viewed quite differently by citizen activists than by epidemiologist
8、s. Environmentalists and concerned local residents, for instance, might immediately suspect environmental radiation as the culprit when a high incidence of cancer cases occurs near a nuclear facility. Epidemiologists, in contrast, would be more likely to say that the incidences were “inconclusive“ o
9、r the result of pure chance. And when a breast cancer survivor, Lorraine Pace, mapped 20 breast cancer cases occurring in her West Islip, Long Island, community, her rudimentary research efforts were guided more by hope that a specific environmental agent could be correlated with the cancers than by
10、 scientific method. When epidemiologists study clusters of cancer cases and other noncontagious conditions such as birth defects or miscarriage, they take several variables into account, such as background rate (the number of people affected in the general population), cluster size, and specificity
11、(any notable characteristics of the individual affected in each case). If a cluster is both large and specific, it is easier for epidemiologists to assign blame. Not only must each variable be considered on its own, but it must also be combined with others. Lung cancer is very common in the general
12、population. Yet when a huge number of cases turned up among World War II shipbuilders who had all worked with asbestos, the size of the cluster and the fact that the men had had similar occupational asbestos exposures enabled epidemiologists to assign blame to the fibrous mineral. Although several k
13、nown carcinogens have been discovered through these kinds of occupational or medical clusters, only one community cancer cluster has ever been traced to an environmental cause. Health officials often discount a community“s suspicion of a common environmental cause because citizens tend to include ca
14、ses that were diagnosed before the afflicted individuals moved into the neighborhood. Add to this the problem of cancer“s latency. Unlike an infectious disease such as cholera, which is caused by a recent exposure to food or water contaminated with the cholera bacterium, cancer may have its roots in
15、 an exposure that occurred 10 to 20 years earlier. Do all these caveats mean that the hard work of Lorraine Pace and other community activists is for nothing? Not necessarily. Together with many other reports of breast cancer clusters on Long Island, the West Islip situation highlighted by Pace has
16、helped epidemiologists lay the groundwork for a well designed scientific study.（分数：10.00）(1).The “hope“ mentioned in Paragraph 1 refers specifically to Pace“s desire to_.（分数：2.00）A.help reduce the incidence of breast cancer in future generationsB.improve her chances of surviving breast cancerC.deter
17、mine the cause responsible for her own breast cancer caseD.identify a particular cause for the breast cancer cases in West Islip(2).The case of the World War II shipbuilders with lung cancer is an example of_.（分数：2.00）A.an occupational clusterB.a medical clusterC.a radiation clusterD.an environmenta
18、l cluster(3).The passage suggests that the fact that “only one community cancer cluster bas ever been traced to all environmental cause“ (in the third paragraph) is most likely due to the_.（分数：2.00）A.methodological difficulties in analyzing community cancer clustersB.reluctance of epidemiologists to
19、 investigate environmental factors in cancerC.lack of credibility of citizen activists in claiming to have identified cancer agentsD.effectiveness of regulations restricting the use of carcinogens in residential areas(4).Activists may mistakenly consider a particular incidence of cancer as part of a
20、 community cluster despite the fact that_.（分数：2.00）A.the affected individual never worked with any carcinogenic materialB.the cancer was actually caused by a long-ago exposureC.the size of the cluster is too small to be meaningfulD.the cancer actually arose in a different geographic location(5).The
21、word “caveats“ (in the last paragraph) refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.refusals by epidemiologists to examine the work of Pace and other activistsB.potential flaws in amateur studies of cancer clusterC.warnings by activists concerning environmental dangers in their communitiesD.tendencies of activists to assu
22、me environmental causes for cancerMy parents“ house had an attic, the darkest and strangest part of the building, reachable only by placing a stepladder beneath the trapdoor, and filled with unidentifiable articles too important to be thrown out with the trash but no longer suitable to have at hand.
23、 This mysterious space was the memory of the place. After many years all the things deposited in it became, one by one, lost to consciousness. But they were still there, we knew, safely and comfortably stored in the tissues of the house. These days most of us live in smaller, more modem houses or in
24、 apartments, and attics have vanished. Even the deep closets in which we used to pile things up for temporary forgetting are rarely designed into new homes. Everything now is out in the open, openly acknowledged and displayed, and whenever we grow tired of a memory, an old chair, a trunkful of old l
25、etters, they are cast into the dump for burning. This has seemed a healthier way to live, except maybe for the smoke everything out to be looked at, nothing strange hidden under the roof, nothing forgotten because of no place left in impenetrable darkness to forget. Openness is the new lifestyle, no
26、 undisclosed belongings, no private secrets. Candor is the role in architecture. The house is a machine for living, and what kind of machine would hide away its worn-out, deserted parts? But it is in our nature as human beings to clutter, and we long for places set aside, reserved for storage. We te
27、nd to accumulate and outgrow possessions at the same time, and it is an endlessly discomforting mental task to keep sorting out the ones to get rid of. We might, we think, remember them later and find a use for then, and if they are gone for good, off to the damp, this is a source of nervousness. I
28、think it may be one of the reasons we drum our fingers so much these days. We might take a lesson here from what has been learned about our brains in this century. We thought we discovered, first off, the attic, although its existence has been mentioned from time to time by all the people we used to
29、 call great writers. What we really found was the trapdoor and a stepladder, and off we clambered, shining flashlights into the comers, vacuuming the dust out of bureau drawers, puzzling over the names of objects, tossing them down to the floor below, and finally paying around fifty dollars an hour
30、to have them cast away for burning.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Attic of the Brain.B.Openness of the Modem Lifestyle.C.Modem Houses and Old Houses.D.The Attic of My Parents“ House.(2).When comparing the new lifestyle with the old one, th
31、e author seems to assume a tone of_.（分数：2.00）A.admiration for the new lifestyleB.regret for the loss of the old lifestyleC.a contempt for the new lifestyleD.appreciation for both lifestyles(3).The word “candor“ in the third sentence of the third paragraph probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.simplicityB.sophi
32、sticationC.opennessD.immensity(4).According to the author, it is human nature to_.（分数：2.00）A.keep accumulating and classifying new thingsB.search for new uses for old thingsC.set aside old things and reserve themD.disclose private secrets(5).The author implies in the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.
33、it is not necessary to spend so much money studying the brainB.we have uncovered all the secrets about our brainsC.we are too eager to search every comer of our lifeD.modem buildings can still be constructed with the desired atticsDoctors at Stanford University are studying a medication they hope wi
34、ll alleviate the suffering of millions of American women. But their target isn“t breast cancer, osteoporosis, or a similarly well-known affliction. Despite its alarming impact on its victims, the malady in question has received comparatively little medical scrutiny. It“s a “hidden epidemic“, accordi
35、ng to the Stanford researchers: compulsive shopping disorder. That“s fight. What was once merely a punch line in television sitcoms is now being taken seriously by many clinicians. According to the Stanford study“s leader, Dr. Lorrin Koran, compulsive shopping is “motivated by “irresistible“ impulse
36、s, characterized by spending that is excessive and inappropriate, has harmful consequences for the individual, and tends to be chronic and stereotyped“. Compulsive shoppers “binge buy“most often clothes, shoes, makeup, and jewelryand then suffer intense guilt. That, in turn, helps trigger another fr
37、enzied trip to the mall, and the cycle continues. Could compulsive shopping be a health hazard associated with America“s unparalleled economic prosperity? “It seems to be a disease of affluence“, says Dr. Jerrold Pollak, a clinical psychologist who“s treated several shopaholics. “Advertisers would l
38、ike us to think that shopping is a reason to live“, agrees Dr. Cheryl Carmin, another clinical psychologist. “If you do not have the time or inclination to go to the mall or grocery store, there are catalogs, delivery services, home shopping networks on TV, and endless items to buy via the Internet“
39、. Indeed, this year, U.S. advertisers will spend $233 billionan amount equal to six federal education budgetsto persuade Americans to buy, buy, buy. Yet the possibility that U.S. advertisers may be driving certain women in our society to psychosis is only part of the story. It seems that the pharmac
40、eutical companies“ quest to cure the effects of excessive marketing may itself be little more than a cleverly-disguised marketing scheme. The Stanford study, like many of its kind, is being funded by a pharmaceutical company. The undisclosed drag is an FDA-approved antidepressant, specifically an SS
41、RIa selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (The researchers are also studying behavioral therapies for compulsive shoppers). The researchers running the Stanford study refused to reveal their sponsor. However, only five SSRIs are currently on the U.S. market. Pfizer (makers of Zolofi), Eli Lilly (P
42、rozac) and SmithKline Beecham (Paxil) all reported that they are neither conducting nor planning any studies of their drags for compulsive shopping. Solvay (Luvox) also seems an unlikely candidate. In 1997, researchers at the University of Iowa tried using Luvox to treat compulsive shoppers and foun
43、d no measurable differences between the effects of the drag and those of a placebo. Perhaps the manufacturers of Luvox want to give their product another shot. More likely, however, the mysterious benefactor of the Stanford Study is Forest Pharmaceuticals (Celexa). Their PR department neither confir
44、med nor denied any involvement in Koran“s study. Why would a pharmaceutical company anonymously spend money to license one of its top-selling drugs for a marginal disorder like compulsive shopping? A big part of the answer is profit. The mystery company presumably hopes to carve a unique slice out o
45、f the mental disorder pie in order to market it together with a ready-made treatment. This is not at all a new strategy for the world“s mammoth pharmaceutical fins, as David Healy, a professor at the University of Wales College of Medicine, explains in his book “The Anti-Depressant I“m“. Healy“s boo
46、k describes a process by which companies seek to “educate“ both patients and clinicians about a new disorder, to sell the disorder in preparation for selling its cure. Funding clinical trials is a crucial part of that process.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn at the beginning of the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.d
47、octors at Stanford University are testing a new dragB.the consequences of compulsive shopping are minimalC.compulsive shopping disorder has not received enough attention from the medical communityD.unlike breast cancer or osteoporosis, compulsive shopping disorder defies treatment(2).Which of the fo
48、llowing is true of compulsive shopping disorder?（分数：2.00）A.It is a disease that tends to get worse and worse.B.It is a disease that afflicts a large part of the female population.C.It is a disease that lasts for a short period of time.D.It is a disease that is inheritable.(3).The manufacturer of whi
49、ch of the following SSRIs is most possibly the sponsor the Stanford study?（分数：2.00）A.ZolofiB.ProzacC.LuvoxD.Celexa(4).We can infer from the passage that a study of a medication by researchers will_.（分数：2.00）A.improve the quality of the medicationB.cut the cost of the medicationC.raise the public“s awareness of
