1、GCT 工程硕士（英语）-试卷 80 及答案解析(总分：134.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：11，分数：22.00)1.Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your
2、 answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：2.00）_2.The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _ chemist“s.（分数：2.00）A.eachB.someC.certainD.any3.You cannot be _ careful when you drive a car.（分数：2.00）A.veryB.soC.tooD.enough4.Housewives who do not go out to work oft
3、en feel they are not working to their flail _.（分数：2.00）A.capacityB.strengthC.lengthD.possibility5.You don“t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first.（分数：2.00）A.would goB.will goC.wentD.have gone6.When I try to understand _ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy
4、 as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.（分数：2.00）A.why it doesB.what it doesC.what it isD.why it is7.I“d rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.（分数：2.00）A.don“tB.wouldn“tC.didn“tD.shouldn“t8.All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off.（分数：2
5、.00）A.consideredB.be consideredC.consideringD.having considered9._ it left to me to decide, I would never hesitate to choose the former.（分数：2.00）A.IfB.WereC.HadD.Should10.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.（分数：2.00）A.by thatB.at thatC.on thatD.in
6、 that11.However, at times this balance in nature is _, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.（分数：2.00）A.troubledB.disturbedC.confusedD.puzzled二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)12.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five q
7、uestions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：10.00）_New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It“s a new “global v
8、illage“ where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills. Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modem businesspeople who have a
9、growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modem markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts. Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need
10、s fear being “out of sight and out of mind“. He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company“s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad, if an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater con
11、fidence in his or her ability to come back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and prevalent(普遍的). Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United S
12、tates are able to get into international markets. English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn“t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate th
13、e edge when other qualifications appear to be equal. The employee posted abroad who speaks the country“s principal language has an opportunity to fist-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who ca
14、n communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the author“s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?（分数：2.00）A.Critical.B.Prejudiced.C.Indifferent.D.Postitive.(2).With the increased use of high-tech commun
15、ications equipment, businesspeople（分数：2.00）A.have to get familiar with modem technologyB.are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC.are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD.are eager to work overseas(3).In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind“(Para. 3) proba
16、bly means _.（分数：2.00）A.being unable to think properly for lack of insightB.being totally out of touch with business at homeC.missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD.leaving all care and worry behind(4).According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporation
17、s in employing people today?（分数：2.00）A.Connections with businesses overseas.B.Ability to speak the client“s language.C.Technical know-how.D.Business experience.(5).The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can _.（分数：2.00）A.better control the whole negotiation processB.ea
18、sily find new approaches to meet market needsC.fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD.easily make friends with businesspeople abroadFriction between America“s military and its civilian overseers is nothing new. America“s 220-year experiment in civilian control of the military is a recipe for
19、friction. The nation“s history has seen a series of shifts in decision-making power among the White House, the civilian secretaries and the uniformed elite(精英). However, what may seem on the outside an unstable and special system of power sharing has, without a doubt, been a key to two centuries of
20、military success. In the infighting dates to the revolution, George Washington waged a continual struggle not just for money, but to control the actual battle plan. The framers of the Constitution sought to clarify things by making the president the “commander in chief“. Not since Washington wore hi
21、s uniform and led the troops across the Alleghenies to quell(镇压) the Whiskey Rebellion has a sitting president taken command in the field. Yet the absolute authority of the president ensures his direct command. The president was boss, and everyone in uniform knew it. In the Civil War, Abraham Lincol
22、n dealt directly with his generals, and Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton handled administrative details. Lincoln, inexperienced in military matters, initially deferred(顺从) to his generals. But when their caution proved disastrous, he issued his General War Order No. 1explicitly commanding a general
23、 advance of all Union forces. Some generals, George B. McClellan in particular, bridled at his hands-on direction. But in constitutional terms, Lincoln was in the right. His most important decision was to put Ulysses S. Grant in charge of the Union Army in 1864. Left to its own timetable, the milita
24、ry establishment would never have touched Grant. The relationship between the president and his general provides a textbook lesson in civilian control and power sharing. Grant was a general who would take the fight to the enemy, and not second-guess the president“s political decisions. Unlike McClel
25、lan, for example, Grant cooperated wholeheartedly in recruiting black soldiers. For his part, Lincoln did not meddle in operations and did not visit the headquarters in the field unless invited. The balance set up by Grant and Lincoln stayed more or less in place through World War I. Not until World
26、 War II did the pendulum finally swing back toward the White House. Franklin Roosevelt, who had been assistant Navy secretary during World War I, was as well prepared to be commander in chief as any wartime president since George Washington.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the system of power
27、sharing between the White House and the generals _.（分数：2.00）A.is unstable and strangeB.is a guarantee for American military successC.has caused a series of quarrelsD.undermines the bases of American military power(2).The phrase “the uniformed elite“ in Paragraph one most probably refers to _.（分数：2.0
28、0）A.outstanding soldiersB.officersC.officialsD.generals(3).According to the passage, Washington _.（分数：2.00）A.struggled with the congress only for moneyB.lived up to the code of the constitution that the president was “the commander in chief“C.looked more like a general than a presidentD.did much mor
29、e than he should as a president(4).Why was the putting of Grant in charge of the Union Army an important decision?（分数：2.00）A.Because Lincoln was inexperienced in military affairs, he had to do so.B.Grant whole-heartedly believed in Lincoln, and their cooperation proved to be a nonesuch.C.All things
30、considered, Grant was somewhat better than McClellan.D.The decision to put Grant in charge of the Union Army was not against the constitution.(5).In the last paragraph, the author implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.Roosevelt was better prepared to be a wartime president than LincolnB.in the Second World War,
31、 the relationship between the White House and the generals was intenseC.both Lincoln and Roosevelt were good wartime presidents, although their actual way of dealing things may be differentD.George Washington was actually the best presidentCrossing Wesleyan University“s campus usually requires walki
32、ng over colorful messages chalked on the ground. They can be as innocent as meeting announcements, but in a growing number of cases the language is meant to shock. It“s not uncommon, for instance, to see lewd references to professors“ sexual preferences scrawled across a path or the mention of the w
33、ord “Nig“ that African-American students say make them feel uncomfortable. In response, officials and students at schools are now debating ways to lead their communities away from forms of expression that offend or harass(侵扰). In the process, they“re putting up against the difficulties of regulating
34、 speech at institutions that pride themselves on fostering open debate. Mr. Bennet of Wesleyan says he had gotten used to seeing occasional chalkings filled with four-letter words. Campus tradition made any horizontal surface not attached to a building a potential billboard. But when chalkings began
35、 taking on a more threatening and lewd tone, Bennet decided to act. “This is not acceptable in a workplace and not acceptable in an institution of higher learning“, Bennet says. For now, Bennet is seeking input about what kind of message-posting policy the school should adopt. The student assembly r
36、ecently passed a resolution saying the “right to speech comes with implicit responsibilities to respect community standards“. Other public universities have confronted problems this year while considering various ways of regulating where students can express themselves. At Harvard Law School, the re
37、cent controversy was more linked to the academic setting. Minority students there are seeking to curb what they consider harassing speech in the wake of a series of incidents last spring. At a meeting held by the “Committee on Healthy Diversity“ last week, the school“s Black Law Students Association
38、 endorsed a policy targeting discriminatory harassment. It would trigger a review by school officials if there were charges of “severe or pervasive conduct“ by students or faculty. The policy would cover harassment based on, but not limited to, factors such as race, religion, creed, sexual orientati
39、on, national origin, and ethnicity(种族划分). Boston attorney Harvey Silverglate, says other schools have adopted similar harassment policies that are actually speech codes, punishing students for raising certain ideas. “Restricting students from saying anything that would be perceived as very unpleasan
40、t by another student continues uninterrupted“, says Silverglate, who attended the Harvard Law town meeting last week.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the typical scene found in the campus of Wesleyan University?（分数：2.00）A.Pieces of chalk are scattered everywhere on the ground.B.There are some meeting announcem
41、ents on the billboard.C.All kinds of messages are written on the paths.D.Some people are shocked by the meeting announcements.(2).From the passage we can see that _.（分数：2.00）A.officials and students are debating whether they should have free speechB.in the past decade, people did not have any freedo
42、m of speechC.some students are attacked politically as targetsD.officials and students are discussing ways of avoiding offending messages(3).Mr. Bennet _.（分数：2.00）A.has gotten used to seeing messages on the billboardB.thinks that it is not acceptable to have chalkings on the ground in an institution
43、 of higher learningC.is looking for a good policy which can guide the way of students“ message postingD.has decided to chalk some messages to fight against the harassing ones(4).The essential of the problem is to _.（分数：2.00）A.stick up for free speechB.cleanse the academic settingC.cut the throat of
44、free speechD.please the minorities(5).What is the policy adopted by many schools after heated debating?（分数：2.00）A.It is for the universities to clamp down on speech concerning racist comments or other forms of inappropriate ideas.B.It is to teach students to learn how to express themselves more clea
45、rly.C.It is to give the minority groups the fight to speak freely.D.It is to urge students to discuss problems concerning race, religion, national origin and ethnicity.There are great careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production,
46、 in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of mak
47、ing general judgments. And these “generalists“ are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people“s work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one fiel
48、d; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained“ man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalistand especially the administratordeals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated“ man;
49、 and the humanities fire his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of t
