1、MBA 联考英语-英译汉综合练习(二)及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B翻译题/B(总题数：5，分数：50.00)UThe types of daydreams, whether they are pleasant and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles: positive, negative and scattered, American Health reports./
2、U Although everyone lapses occasionally into each of these types, positive daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy, playful or entertaining scenarios. (2)UNegative daydreamers tend to dwell on lifes darker side imagining dangerous and/or life threatening situations, such as the/U Uappearance of
3、 a fatal or weakening disease or becoming a victim of violence./U Scattered daydreamers are easily bored and distracted. “Their mental images tend to be fleeting, repetitive and shallow, like variations on the same fairy tales,“ explains Yale psychologist Ron Tower. (3)UWhile all three types are com
4、mon, positive imaginations are likeliest to serve as springboards (跳板) for problem solving, while negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling anxious./U Negative daydreamers are waiting for the other shoe “to fall.“ Their imaginations are often guilt-ridden or obsessive. There are ti
5、mes when drifting away can cause problems, according to Bolin. “If daydreaming gets in the way of daily function because the person is doing it all day, the person wont be very productive,“ she says. “The amount of time and the frequency that a person daydreams is whats important. It should not take
6、 up all of your time. (4)UIf people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive (过多的) , they should take a realistic look at whats going on in their life and ask themselves what the are trying to avoid./U Then they can assess what steps they need to take to correct the situation.“ (Anyone who has a
7、 hard time discriminating between reality and imagination or starts replacing real life family and friends with imagined people should seek professional help.) (5)UProfessor Singer sums up the advantages of daydreams to the average person: “by sitting quietly and letting your daydreams emerge instea
8、d of squelching (抑制) them, you may find there are parts of yourself you havent been listening to./U Instead of fearing them, youll gain access to tremendous range of interesting, creative ideas.“（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：2.00）_(2).（分数：2.00）_(3).（分数：2.00）_(4).（分数：2.00）_(5).（分数：2.00）_Genius is something that
9、is difficult to measure quantitatively since it is a unique quality, although most of us can recognize genius when we see it or hear it. (1)UBy contrast intelligence is possibly easier to quantify and like genius is a polygenic character that can be moulded by the environment. /UIntelligence is a qu
10、alitative trait, which does have a genetic component, but we should not assume that it has a single dimension of expression. (2)UThere are several limitations in measuring intelligence by a linear scale ranging from dull to bright, since individuals differ greatly in their genotypes./U Any number of
11、 gene combination may predispose an individual to musical genius, or to painting, or to designing computer programs, etc. The possession of any one of these abilities may or may not be associated with another. Moreover, the same genotype may be expressed in markedly different ways in markedly differ
12、ent environments. (3)UFor example, intelligence quotient test scores vary considerably with illness and disease, educational, social and economic levelseven the skin color of the examiner conducting the IQ test may have a significant effect!/U There is also difficulty in deciding what intelligence s
13、hould be applied to. Is it the ability to learn? Is it related to the enquiring mind or to motivation? Consequently comparisons between an IQ test given to a University .student and to an Aborigine in Australia will give meaningless results, since the test is most unlikely to measure the same behavi
14、or. (4)UNot only are the genotypes and the environments of these two individuals totally different, but their motivations for achievement in particular activities will be different./U Indeed, as some articles which deal with the problems mentioned above show, people who believe they can estimate gen
15、etic and environmental contributions to differences in intelligence between races are statistically naive. (5)UIf some races or social groups in the human population can be shown to be inferior in intelligence, it opens up the possibility that some segregationists or politicians could bring in legis
16、lation or policies to suppress or even eliminate such races or groups in the population./U History certainly shows that this suggestion is quite likely when ruthless individuals are in positions of power. Can you see why the false scientific conclusions could become dangerous socially and politicall
17、y? Notes: polymeric: having many genes mould: to shape or form linear: of lines genotypes: types of gene （分数：10.00）(1).（分数：2.00）_(2).（分数：2.00）_(3).（分数：2.00）_(4).（分数：2.00）_(5).（分数：2.00）_Lange, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines, (1)But to a far greater
18、 extent than most Americans realize, the economys vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ 60 percent of the workforce and expected to generate half of all new jobs
19、between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small forms have opened their doors over the past 6 years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own. Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate
20、 the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. (2)Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor th
21、e idea of being their own boss, but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeepers and receptionists, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to disappear in two years, and 27 more will have shut th
22、eir doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive, (3)Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in
23、 their last jobs. Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs （分数：10.00）(1).（分数：2.00）_(2).（分数：2.00）_(3).（分数：2.00）_(4).（分数：2.00）_(5).（分数：2.00）_March 27, 1997, dawned as a normal day at the Collins home. By the middle of the morning, Jack Collins was
24、at his desk, writing checks, paying bills the way he always had on time. Then the phone rang, and the nightmare began. (1)UAn investigator for a bank was on the line, asking in a severe voice why Collins, a university physicist, was late on payments for a $27,000 car, bought in Virginia the previous
25、 year./U “I dont have a car like this,“ Collins protested. The last time he had set foot in Virginia was as an officer at a submarine base, three decades ago. But his name was on the contract, and so was his Social Security Number. During the months that ensued, he and his wife learned that someone
26、had bought four more cars and 28 other itemsworth $113,000 in all in their name. Their hitherto good credit record had been destroyed. (2)U“After a lifetime of being honesty“ says Collins, “all of a sudden I was basically being accused of stealing and treated like a criminal.“/U This is what it mean
27、s to fall prey to a nonviolent but frightening and fast-growing crime: identity theft. It happens to at least 500,000 new victims each year, according to government figures. (3)UAnd it happens very easily because every identification number you have such as Social Security, credit cards, drivers lic
28、ense, telephone “is a key that unlocks some storage of money or goods,“ says a fraud (欺诈) program manager of the U.S. Postal Service./U “So if you throw away your credit card receipt and I get it and use the number on it, Im not becoming you, but to the credit card company Ive become your account.“
29、(4)UOne major problem, experts say, is that the Social Security Number (SSN)originally meant only for retirement benefit and tax purposeshas become the universal way to identify people./U It is used as identification by the military, colleges and in billions of commercial transactions. Yet a shrewd
30、thief can easily snatch your SSN, not only by stealing your wallet, but also by taking mail from your box, going through your trash for discarded receipts and bills or asking for it over the phone on some pretext. Using your SSN, the thief applies for a credit card in your name, asking that it be se
31、nt to a different address than yours, and uses it for multiple purchases. A couple of months later the credit card company, or its debt collection agency, presses you for payment. You dont have to pay the debt, but you must clean up your damaged credit record. (5) UThat means getting a police report
32、 and copy of the erroneous contract, and then using them to clear the fraud from your credit reports which is held by a credit bureau./U Each step can require a huge amount of effort. （分数：10.00）(1).（分数：2.00）_(2).（分数：2.00）_(3).（分数：2.00）_(4).（分数：2.00）_(5).（分数：2.00）_How many really suffer as a result o
33、f labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. (1)UUnemployment does not have the same dire ( 怕的) consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were prim
34、ary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence;/U and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of seco
35、ndary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming m
36、ajority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. (2)UMost of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market patho
37、logies./U Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemploymen
38、t frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. (3)USince the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even thou
39、gh only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer./U For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. (4)UFinally, income transfers in our co
40、untry have always focused on the elderly, disabled and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected./U (5)UAs a result of such contradictory
41、evidence, it is uncertain whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus./U There is only one area of agreement in this debatethat the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems. （分数：10.00）(1).（分数：1.00）_(2).（分数：1.00）_(3).（分数：1.00）_(4).（分数：1.00）_(5).（分数：1.00）_
